Mukati
tsananguro
Doro - chinwiwa chinodhakwa, chakagadzirwa nekukwiza malt wort nembiriso uye hops. Mbeu dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzemumera ibhari. Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzedoro, simba rechinwiwa rinogona kusiyana kubva pa3 kusvika kune gumi nemana.
Ichi chinwiwa ndechimwe chezvinwiwa zvinonyanya kudhakwa uye chiri pechitatu pasi. MuGeneral runyorwa rwezvinwiwa, inoenda mushure memvura netii. Kune anopfuura anopfuura 1000 maBeer akasiyana. Ivo vakasiyana muvara, kuravira, doro zvemukati, zvekutanga zvigadzirwa, uye tsika dzekubika munyika dzakasiyana.
Kugadzirwa kwedoro
Vagadziri veedoro vane mukurumbira iGerman, Ireland, Czech Republic, Brazil, Austria, Japan, Russia, Finland, Poland.
Kwakatangira vadzidzi vechinwiwa kunoreva kutanga kwekurima mbeu dzezviyo - ingangoita 9500 BC. Vamwe vanochera matongo vane pfungwa yakasimba yekuti vanhu vakatanga kurima mbeu kwete yechingwa asi yekubika doro. Iyo yekutanga zvisaririra zvisaririra zvechinwiwa zvakawanikwa muIran, Kufambidzana kumashure kune 3.5-3.1 zviuru zvemakore BC. Doro rinotaurwa zvakare muMesopotamiya uye zvekare zvinyorwa zveEjipitori. Chinwiwa chaizivikanwa muChina chekare, Roma yekare, madzinza eVikings, maCelt, eGerman. Mumazuva iwayo, tekinoroji yekugadzirira chinwiwa yaive yechinyakare, uye ivo vakachengeta chinwiwa kwenguva yakareba.
Kunatsiridzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira doro kwakaitika muzana ramakore rechisere nekutenda mamonk eEuropean avo vakatanga kushandisa hops senzira yekuchengetedza. Kwenguva yakareba, doro raive chinwiwa chevarombo. Naizvozvo, yaive nenzvimbo yakaderera. Kuti ugare neimwe nzira ichiyerera, varidzi veBreweries zvakafanana nekugadzirwa kwechinwiwa chikuru chakaburitswa uye cider. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekutsvagisa kwaEmil Christian Hansen kwekubvisa mbiriso inonetsa yekubika, iyo indasitiri yakatanga kukura nekukurumidza, nokudaro ichiunza doro padanho idzva renharaunda.
Mhando dzedoro
Yunifomu kupatsanura doro hakuna. Vanyori vekuAmerican neEuropean vane yavo yavo system yezviratidzo, iyo yakaita kupatsanura. Saka doro rinokamurwa ne:
- Chikafu. Doro rinogadzirwa zvichibva pabhari, gorosi, rye, mupunga, chibage, bhanana, mukaka, kuunganidza mishonga, mbatatisi, nemimwe miriwo, uye musanganiswa wezvikamu zvakawanda.
- Сolor. Zvichienderana nemumera wakasviba mune yekutanga wort, doro rakajeka, chena, tsvuku uye rima.
- Technology iye tekinoroji yekufanirwa kuvirisa. Siyanisa uye wezasi-yakaviriswa. Muchiitiko chekutanga nzira yekuvira inoitika patembiricha yakaderera (5-15 ° C) uye yechipiri pakakwirira (15-25 ° C).
- simba. Munzira dzechinyakare dzekubika, simba rechinwiwa harisvike zvinopfuura gumi nemana. Mazhinji eDoro ane simba 14-3. - mwenje uye ingangoita 5,5-6. - yakasimba. Iko kune zvakare isiri-doro doro. Nekudaro, kuti ubvise zvachose doro, haugone, saka simba rekunwa iri rinobva pa8 - 0.2 vol.
- Mhando dzakasiyana kunze kwechikamu. Mhando dzakadai dzinosanganisira Pilsner, porter, lager, Dunkel, kölsch, altbier, lambic, mudzi wedoro, Bock-bier uye nezvimwe.
Kuitisa maitiro
Maitiro ekubika aya akaomesesa uye anosanganisira matanho mazhinji nemaitiro. Iwo makuru ndeaya:
- Kugadzirira kwemera (zviyo) nekumera, kuomesa, uye kuchenesa utachiona.
- Kupwanya malt uye kuwedzera mvura kwairi.
- Kuparadzaniswa kwewort nekusefa zviyo zvakapedzwa uye zvisina kuvharwa wort.
- Kubika wort nema hops kwemaawa maviri nemaawa.
- Kujekesa nekuparadzanisa zvakasara zvehops nezviyo zvisina kunyungudika.
- Kutonhora kumatangi ekuvirisa.
- Fermentation paunowedzera mbiriso.
- Kuchenesa kubva pane mbiriso zvakasara.
- Pasteurization inoitwa chete mukugadzirwa kwemamwe madoro edoro kuwedzera pasherefu hupenyu.
Chinwiwa chavagadzirira vanodurura mumakegi, simbi, girazi uye mabhodhoro epurasitiki, nemakani emataini.
Zvakanakira doro
Doro munguva dzekare, vanhu vaizviona sechinwiwa chinoporesa pazvirwere zvakawanda. Asi kushandiswa kwekurapa kwechinwiwa kwakakonzerwa naPurofesa wechiGerman Robert Koch, uyo akaburitsa chinokonzera korera nekukanganisa kwechinwiwa pachiri. Mumazuva iwayo, korera chaive chirwere chakajairika muEurope, kunyanya mumaguta makuru uko kunwa mvura yemhando yepamusoro kwanga kusiri kwakanyanya. Hutano hwakanyanya uye hwakachengeteka hwaive kunwa doro kupfuura mvura.
Nekuti doro rinogadzirwa kunyanya kubva kuzviyo nekuvirisa, rine mavitamini uye zvicherwa zvinoenderana nezviyo. Saka ine mavitamini B1, B2, B6, H, C, K, nicotinic, citric, folic, Pantothenic acid; zvicherwa - potasium, magnesium, phosphorus, sarufa, nesilicon, calcium.
Kumwa zvine mwero kunwa kwechinwiwa kunova nemhedzisiro pane maitiro emagetsi, kunoderedza njodzi yezvakaipa uye nezvirwere zvemoyo, uye inoratidza aluminium munyu, huwandu hwakawanda mumuviri hunogona kukonzera chirwere cheAlzheimer.
Mumwaka unopisa, doro rinonzwa nyota nyota. Zvakare, mamwe maBheri akaumbwa alkaline, zvinhu zvinoparadza matombo eitsvo. Doro rinobatsira kudzorera ura hwemukati mushure mekurapwa kwenguva refu nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Hop zvinhu zviri mudoro zvine chinozorodza uye chinozorodza mhedzisiro, chinomutsa zvakavanzika matumbu, uye zvinodzivirira kukura kweakaora mabhakitiriya mumatumbu.
mabatiro
Mune echinyakare mishonga yekubikisa, zvakanaka muzvirwere zvepahuro uye bronchial machubhu uchishandisa preheated doro (200 g) nehuchi hwakanyungudutswa (1 tbsp). Inwa chinwiwa ichi usati warara muzvidimbu zvidiki kuitira kuti mvura irambe ichiyerera ichidzika pahuro, ichidziya nekuiputira.
Nekuda kweiyo hombe yezvinyorwa b mavitamini, ine maitiro akanaka paganda.
Iko kushandiswa kwemasikisi kunoenderana nedoro kunoderedza huwandu hwemakwenzi uye kunoita kuti ganda riwedzere kutsetseka, rakasununguka, uye rakasviba. Iyo maski inosunga pores, inobvisa Kupenya, inowedzera kutenderera kweropa.
Mubhavhu rakadirwa pamatombo, doro rinogadzira mweya wekufema, uyo unogona kubvisa chikosoro uye kudzivirira dzihwa.
Unogona kushandisa doro seyakagadzirisa bvudzi. Ichapa bvudzi kupfava, Kupenya uye kubvisa ekutanga zviratidzo zvechihwande.
Njodzi uye zvinopesana
Kunyanyisa kunwa chinwiwa ichi kunogona kutungamira kune kunonzi "kunwa doro."
Zvakare, kushandiswa kwakarongeka kwehuwandu hwedoro kunoguma nekuwedzera mutoro mutsinga, zvichikonzera moyo kutanga kushanda zvakanyanya. Shure kwaizvozvo, izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukutambanudza kweiyo mhasuru yemoyo uye kunyatso pushira kunze kweropa remhepo.
Doro rine zvinhu zvinomutsa kugadzirwa kwemadzimai echikadzi mahormone, zvichitungamira kuchinjika mune maumbirwo evarume muchipfuva chiri kusimuka uye kuwedzera huwandu hwehudyu.
Nekungogara uchishandisa doro, munhu anorasikirwa nekwaniso yekuzorora uye kudzikama. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunhu hunodzikamisa hops.
Hazvikurudzirwi kunwa doro kune vakadzi vane nhumbu, vanaamai vanoyamwisa, uye vana kusvika pamakore gumi nemasere.
Inobatsira uye ine njodzi zvivakwa zvezvimwe zvinwiwa: