"Chenjera ruzha!": Maitiro ekudzivirira kunzwa kwako uye psyche

Ruzha runogara ruri chinetso pachiyero chakafanana nekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kusvibiswa kweruzha kunokonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kuhutano uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hwevanhu. Inobva kupi uye kuti ungazvidzivirira sei kubva kune zvinokuvadza?

Munguva yekusvibiswa kweruzha, kana tichigara mumhepo yenguva dzose ruzha rwekumashure, kunyanya kana tichigara mumaguta makuru, zvakakosha kuziva nzira yekutarisira kunzwa, kubata neruzha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye hwebasa. Otolaryngologist Svetlana Ryabova akataura pamusoro pekusiyana pakati pemheremhere uye inzwi, ndeipi nhanho yemhere inokuvadza, chii chinofanira kudziviswa kuitira kuchengetedza hutano.

Zvese zvawaida kuziva nezve ruzha

Mungatsanangura here musiyano uripo pakati peruzha neruzha? Ndeipi miganhu?

Ruzha iruzha rwemagetsi runopararira mune elastic medium: mhepo, mvura, muviri wakasimba, uye inonzwiwa nenhengo yedu yekunzwa - nzeve. Noise iruzha umo shanduko yeacoustic pressure inonzwikwa nenzeve haina kurongeka uye inodzokorora panguva dzakasiyana. Saka, ruzha ruzha runokanganisa muviri wemunhu.

Kubva pane physiological point yekuona, yakaderera, yepakati uye yakakwirira ruzha inosiyaniswa. Iyo oscillations inovhara yakakura frequency renji: kubva 1 kusvika 16 Hz - isinganzwike ruzha (infrasound); kubva pa16 kusvika ku20 zviuru zveHz - zvinonzwika zvinonzwika, uye zvinopfuura zviuru makumi maviri zveHz - ultrasound. Nharaunda yezvinzwiro zvinonzwisiswa, kureva, muganho wekunzwa kukuru kwezeve yemunhu, iri pakati pechikumbaridzo chekunzwa uye chikumbaridzo chemarwadzo uye i20 dB. Kudzvinyirirwa kwezwi munyaya iyi kwakakura zvokuti haanzwisisiki sezwi, asi sekurwadziwa.

Ndeapi maitiro anokonzereswa munzeve/munzeve yomukati patinonzwa ruzha rusingafadzi?

Ruzha rurefu runokanganisa nhengo dzekunzwa, kuderedza kunzwisiswa kwekunzwika. Izvi zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekutanga nerudzi rwekunzwisisa kwenzwi, ndiko kuti, kune kunzwa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa.

Kana munhu akanzwa ruzha nguva dzose, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukura kwezvirwere zvisingaperi here? Ndezvipi zvirwere izvi?

Noise ine accumulative effect, kureva, acoustic stimuli, kuunganidza mumuviri, kuwedzera kudzvinyirira hurongwa hwekutya. Kana kurira kukuru kunotikomberedza zuva rega rega, semuenzaniso, munzira yepasi, munhu zvishoma nezvishoma anorega kuona vakanyarara, kurasikirwa nekunzwa uye kusunungura tsinga.

Ruzha rwemhando yeaudio inotungamira mukudzikira kwekutarisisa uye kuwedzera kwekukanganisa panguva yekuita kwemhando dzakasiyana dzebasa. Ruzha runoodza mwoyo hurongwa hwetsinga dzepakati, hunokonzera kuchinja kwekufema uye kurova kwemwoyo, kunoparira kusagadzikana kwemetabolism, kuitika kwehosha yemwoyo, maronda emudumbu, uye hypertension.

Ruzha runokonzera kuneta kusingaperi here? Ndoita sei nazvo?

Hungu, kugara uchitarisana noruzha kunogona kuita kuti unzwe wakaneta kusingaperi. Mumunhu ari pasi pesimba reruzha rwenguva dzose, kurara kunonyanya kukanganiswa, kunova kwepamusoro. Mushure mekurota kwakadaro, munhu anonzwa akaneta uye ane musoro. Kusarara nguva dzose kunotungamirira kukushanda zvakanyanya kusingaperi.

Mhoteredzo ine ruzha ine hasha inogona kukonzera hunhu hwehasha hwevanhu here? Izvi zvakabatana sei?

Chimwe chezvakavanzika zvekubudirira kwemimhanzi yerock kubuda kweinonzi ruzha kudhakwa. Pasi pesimba reruzha kubva pa85 kusvika 90 dB, kunzwa kwekunzwa kunodzikira pamafafitera epamusoro, iyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa kumuviri wemunhu, ruzha rwunopfuura 110 dB rwunotungamira kudhaka reruzha uye, semhedzisiro, kune hasha.

Neiko kune kutaura kudiki kwazvo pamusoro pekusvibiswa kweruzha muRussia?

Zvichida nokuti kwemakore akawanda hapana aifarira hutano hwevanhu. Tinofanira kubhadhara, mumakore achangopfuura, kutarisa nyaya iyi kwakawedzera muMoscow. Semuenzaniso, kushanda kwegadheni kweGadheni Ring kuri kuitwa, uye zvivakwa zvekudzivirira zviri kuvakwa pamwe nemigwagwa mikuru. Zvakaratidzwa kuti nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinoderedza mwero weruzha rwemumugwagwa ne8-10 dB.

Zvivako zvekugara zvinofanira "kubviswa" kubva mumigwagwa ne 15-20 m, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza inofanira kunge yakasvibiswa. Parizvino, vezvezvakatipoteredza vari kusimudza zvakanyanya nyaya yekukanganisa kweruzha pamuviri wemunhu. Uye muRussia, sainzi yakatanga kukura, iyo yakagara ichiitwa nesimba mune dzinoverengeka nyika dzeEurope, dzakadai seItaly, Germany - Soundscape Ecology - acoustic ecology (ecology of the sound landscape).

Zvinogona kutaurwa here kuti vanhu vari muguta rine ruzha vanonzwa zvakaipisisa kupfuura vanogara munzvimbo dzine ruzha?

Hongu unokwanisa. Inofungidzirwa kuti iyo inogamuchirwa mwero weruzha masikati ndeye 55 dB. Iyi nhanho haikuvadzi kunzwa kunyangwe nekugara uchiratidzwa. Ruzha nhanho panguva yekurara inofungidzirwa kusvika ku40 dB. Huwandu hweruzha munharaunda nenzvimbo dziri pedyo nemigwagwa mikuru hunosvika 76,8 dB. Ruzha rwakayerwa munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu dzine mahwindo akavhurika akatarisana nemigwagwa mikuru anongodzikira 10–15 dB.

Ruzha rwuri kukura pamwe chete nekukura kwemaguta (mumakore mashoma apfuura, mwero wepakati weruzha unoburitswa nekutakura wakawedzera ne12-14 dB). Sezvineiwo, munhu ari mumhoteredzo yechisikigo haamborambi ari mukunyarara kwakakwana. Isu takakomberedzwa neruzha rwechisikigo - ruzha rwekubhururuka, ruzha rwesango, ruzha rwerukova, rwizi, mapopoma, kurira kwemhepo mugomo regomo. Asi ruzha rwese urwu tinoona sekunyarara. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita kunzwa kwedu.

Kuti tinzwe "zvinodiwa", uropi hwedu hunosefa kunze ruzha rwechisikigo. Kuongorora kukurumidza kwemaitiro ekufunga, kuedza kunotevera kunofadza kwakaitwa: vazvipiri gumi vakabvuma kutora chikamu muchidzidzo ichi vakakumbirwa kuita basa repfungwa kune ruzha rwakasiyana.

Zvaidiwa kugadzirisa 10 mienzaniso (kubva patafura yekuwedzera, yekuwedzera nekubvisa neshanduko kuburikidza negumi nemaviri, kuwana isingazivikanwe shanduko). Mhedzisiro yenguva iyo mienzaniso gumi yakagadziriswa mukunyarara yakatorwa seyakajairwa. Izvi zvinotevera zvakawanikwa:

  • Pakuteerera ruzha rwechibhorani, kushanda kwezvidzidzo kwakaderedzwa ne18,3-21,6%;
  • Pakuteerera kugunun'una kwerukova uye kuimba kweshiri, chete 2-5%;
  • Mhedzisiro inokatyamadza yakawanikwa pakuridza Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata": kumhanya kwekuverenga kwakawedzera ne7%.

Izvi zviratidzo zvinotiudza kuti marudzi akasiyana-siyana emanzwi anobata munhu nenzira dzakasiyana: ruzha rwekubhobora runodzikamisa kufunga kwemunhu ne20%, ruzha rwechisikigo harupindire nechitima chemunhu chekufunga, uye kuteerera. kudzikamisa mimhanzi yechinyakare kunyange ine mhedzisiro inobatsira patiri , kuwedzera kushanda kwehuropi.

Kunzwa kunoshanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva? Kunzwa kunogona kushata zvakadii uye nekutsoropodza kana uchigara muguta rine ruzha?

Nekufamba kwehupenyu, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwepanyama kunoitika, iyo inonzi phenomenon - presbycusis. Pane maitiro ekurasikirwa kwekunzwa pane mamwe ma frequency mushure memakore makumi mashanu. Asi, nekusingaperi pesvedzero yeruzha patsinga yecochlear (tsinga inokonzeresa kutapurirana kwemanzwiro ekunzwika), tsika inoshanduka kuita pathology. Maererano nemasayendisiti eAustria, ruzha mumaguta makuru runoderedza tarisiro yehupenyu hwevanhu nemakore 50-8!

Ruzha rwemhando ipi inonyanya kukuvadza nhengo dzekunzwa, muviri?

Kunyanya ruzha, ruzha rwakangoerekana rwaitika - pfuti iri pedyo kana ruzha rwejini yejeti - inogona kukuvadza rubatsiro rwekunzwa. Saotolaryngologist, ndagara ndichisangana nekurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa - zvakanyanya kuvhiringidzika kwetsinga yekunzwa - mushure mekupfura kana kuvhima kwakabudirira, uye dzimwe nguva mushure medisco yehusiku.

Pakupedzisira, ndedzipi nzira dzekupa nzeve dzako kuzorora dzaunokurudzira?

Sezvandambotaura, zvakakosha kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kumimhanzi ine ruzha, kuderedza kuona kwako mapurogiramu eterevhizheni. Paunenge uchiita basa rine ruzha, awa yega yega iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kutora 10-maminetsi yekuzorora. Nyatsoteerera inzwi raunotaura naro, harifanire kukuvadza iwe kana mutauriri. Dzidza kutaura wakanyarara kana uchinyanya kukurukura nemanzwiro. Kana zvichibvira, zorora muzvisikwa kakawanda - nenzira iyi iwe uchabatsira zvose kunzwa uye hurongwa hwemagetsi.

Mukuwedzera, seotolaryngologist, unogona here kutaura pamusoro pekuti sei uye nei inzwi rakachengeteka kuteerera mimhanzi ine mahedhifoni?

Dambudziko guru rekuteerera mimhanzi ine mahedhifoni nderekuti munhu haakwanisi kudzora huwandu hwezwi. Ndiko kuti, zvingaita sekuti mimhanzi iri kutamba chinyararire, asi chaizvoizvo anenge ane madhigirii zana munzeve dzake. Somugumisiro, vechidiki vemazuva ano vanotanga kuva nezvinetso zvekunzwa, pamwe chete nehutano huzhinji, vatova nemakore makumi matatu.

Kuti udzivise kukura kwematsi, unofanirwa kushandisa mahedhifoni emhando yepamusoro anodzivirira kupinda kwekunze kweruzha uye nokudaro kubvisa kudiwa kwekuwedzera ruzha. Inzwi pacharo harifanire kudarika mwero wepakati - 10 dB. Iwe unofanirwa kuteerera mimhanzi pamahedhifoni kweasingapfuure maminetsi makumi matatu, wozomira kwemaminitsi angangoita gumi.

Zvinoderedza ruzha

Vazhinji vedu tinopedza hafu yehupenyu hwedu muhofisi uye hazvigoneke nguva dzose kugara pamwe neruzha munzvimbo yebasa. Galina Carlson, director wedunhu reJabra (kambani inogadzira mhinduro kune vasinganzwe uye vane hunyanzvi mahedhifoni, chikamu cheGN Group yakavambwa makore zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura) muRussia, our country, CIS neGeorgia, inogovera: "Maererano netsvagiridzo yeThe Guardian. , nekuda kweruzha uye kudzongonyedzwa kunozotevera, vashandi vanorasikirwa nemaminitsi 150 pazuva.

Pazasi pane mamwe matipi kubva kuGalina Carlson ekuti vashandi vanogona sei kubata neruzha muhofisi uye kuisa pfungwa zvakanaka.

Fambisa midziyo kure sezvinobvira

Printer, copier, scanner uye fax zviripo mune chero nzvimbo yehofisi. Nehurombo, haisi kambani yese inofunga nezve yakabudirira nzvimbo yemidziyo iyi. Ratidza muiti wesarudzo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti midziyo iri kure kure uye haigadzirise ruzha. Kana isu tisiri kutaura nezve nzvimbo yakavhurika, asi nezve akaparadzana makamuri madiki, unogona kuedza kuisa midziyo ine ruzha mukamuri yekutandarira kana padyo nekugamuchira.

Chengeta misangano yakanyarara sezvinobvira

Kazhinji misangano yakaungana inokanganisa, mushure mezvo musoro unorwadza: vashandi vanovhiringidza mumwe nemumwe, vachigadzira isingafadzi ruzha rwemashure. Munhu wese anofanira kudzidza kuteerera kune vamwe vatori vechikamu pamusangano wavo.

Chengetedza "mitemo yehutsanana yebasa"

Panofanira kuva nekuzorora kwakanaka mubasa ripi neripi. Kana zvichibvira, enda kunze kwemhepo yekufema, shandura kubva kune imwe nzvimbo ine ruzha - saka mutoro uri pamagetsi emagetsi uchaderedzwa. Kunze kwekunge, hongu, hofisi yako iri pedyo nemugwagwa mukuru, uko ruzha rwunokukuvadza zvakanyanya.

Enda zvakanyanya - edza kushanda uri kumba dzimwe nguva

Kana tsika yekambani yako ichibvumira, funga kushanda kubva kumba. Iwe uchashamisika kuti zviri nyore sei kwauri kuti utarise pamabasa, nekuti vaunoshanda navo havazokuvhiringidze nemibvunzo yakasiyana siyana.

Sarudza mimhanzi yakakodzera yekuisa pfungwa uye kuzorora

Zviripachena, kwete chete "Mwedzi Sonata" inogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuisa pfungwa. Unganidza runyoro rwenguva dzaunofanirwa kuisa pfungwa dzako pachinhu chakakosha. Inofanirwa kusanganisa mimhanzi inosimudzira, inokurudzira ine tempos inokurumidza, uye kusanganisa nemimhanzi isina kwayakarerekera. Teerera kune iyi "musanganiswa" kwemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe (nekuzorora, izvo zvatakanyora nezvazvo kare).

Zvadaro, panguva yekuzorora kwemaminetsi makumi maviri, sarudza maviri kana matatu ambient tracks - nziyo dzine yakazaruka, yakareba, yakaderera toni uye frequency, inononoka rhythms ine ngoma shoma.

Kuchinjana maererano nechirongwa ichi kuchabatsira uropi kufunga zvakanyanya. Zvishandiso zvakakosha zvinobatsira vashandisi kuchengeta iyo yakasetwa mimhanzi vhoriyamu zvichabatsirawo kusakuvadza kunzwa kwavo.

Nezve Mugadziri

Galina Carlson - Mutungamiriri weDunhu weJabra muRussia, our country, CIS neGeorgia.

Leave a Reply