Mumakore mana apfuura, China yakakunda United States kuti ive nyika huru pasi rose. Akapfuurawo Japan maererano nehukuru hwehupfumi. Asi pane mutengo wekubhadhara kubudirira kwehupfumi uku. Pane mamwe mazuva, kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumaguta makuru eChinese kwakakomba. Muhafu yekutanga ya2013, 38 muzana yemaguta ekuChina akawana mvura ine acid. Inosvika zvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana zvemvura yepasi penyika uye 30 muzana yemvura iri pamusoro penyika inonzi “yakaipa” kana kuti “yakashata zvikuru” mumushumo wehurumende wa60.
Kusvibiswa kwakadaro kune kukanganisa kwakakomba kuhutano hweveruzhinji hweChina, neimwe ongororo ichangobva kuitika inoratidza kuti chiutsi chakakonzera kufa kwemunhu mumwe nguva isati yakwana. Hupfumi hwepamusoro hwepasi rose hungatarisira pasi China, asi uhwu hungava hunyengeri, kunyanya sezvo United States, semuenzaniso, yaive iri pachinzvimbo chakada kufanana makumi mana emakore apfuura.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura sema1970, zvinosvibisa mweya zvakaita sesulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, muchimiro chetunhu tudiki, zvaivepo mumhepo yeUnited States neJapan pamwero wakafanana newauri kuChina ikozvino. Kuedza kwekutanga kudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo muJapan kwakaitwa muna 1968, uye muna 1970 Mutemo Wakachena Wemhepo wakapasiswa, zvichiunza makore gumi ekusimbisa mitemo yekusvibiswa kwemhepo muUS-uye mutemo uyu wakashanda, kusvika padanho. Kuburitswa kwesarufa nenitrogen oxides kwakadzikira nezvikamu gumi neshanu kubva muzana uye makumi mashanu muzana, zvichiteerana, muUS pakati pa15 na50, uye kuwanda kwemhepo kwezvinhu izvi kwakadzikira ne1970 muzana panguva imwe cheteyo. MuJapan, pakati pa2000 na40, kuwanda kwesarufa nenitrogen oxides kwakadzikira ne1971 muzana ne1979 muzana, zvichitevedzana, uye kwakapfuurira kuderera kubvira ipapo. Ikozvino yave nguva yeChina yekuomesera kusvibiswa, uye vanoongorora vakataura mumushumo mwedzi wapfuura kuti nyika yave padanho remakumi emakore "kutenderera kwegirinhi" yekusimbisa mutemo uye kudyara mune yakachena tekinoroji uye zvivakwa. Vachitora pane zvakaitika kuJapan kumakore ekuma35, vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti mari inoshandiswa neChina kwezvakatipoteredza panguva yehurongwa hwehurumende huripo hwemakore mashanu (50-1970) inogona kusvika 2011 bhiriyoni yeyuan (2015 bhiriyoni). Makambani anoshanda mumaindasitiri anoverengera kuwanda kwezvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa - parizvino zvigadziriso zvemagetsi, simende uye vanogadzira simbi - vachafanira kubvisa mari yakawanda kuti vavandudze zvivako zvavo uye maitiro ekugadzira kuti aenderane nemitemo mitsva yekusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Asi China yegirini vector ichave chikomborero kune vamwe vazhinji. Vakuru vakuru vanoronga kushandisa mabhiriyoni 244 eyuan (mabhiriyoni 40 emadhora) kuwedzera makiromita 159 epombi dzesuweji panosvika gore ra2015. Nyika inodawo michina mitsva yokupisira marara kuti igadzirise kukura kwetsvina inogadzirwa nevepakati vari kukura.
Nehuwandu hwehutsi hwakaputira maguta makuru eChina, kuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetsa munyika. Hurumende yeChina yakatora mamwe emhando dzakaomesesa dzekuburitsa papasi.
Makambani mumakore maviri anotevera acharambidzwa zvakanyanya. Hongu, hauna kukanganisa. Sulfur oxide emissions yemetallurgists ichava chikamu chimwe muzvitatu kusvika hafu yezinga rinobvumirwa muEurope inoziva zvakatipoteredza, uye magetsi anopisa marasha achabvumirwa kubudisa hafu chete yemhepo inosvibisa inobvumirwa kuJapan neEurope zvirimwa. Chokwadi, kutevedzera mitemo mitsva iyi yakaoma ndeimwe nyaya. Mafambisirwo ekuongorora kweChina haana kukwana, vanoongorora vachiti muripo wekutyorwa kwemitemo kazhinji wakadzikira zvakanyanya kuti zvitadze. VaChina vakazvimisira zvinangwa zvine mukurumbira. Nekuita zvimiro zvehutsi hwakaomarara, vakuru veChinese vanotarisira kuti mota dzekare dzichange dzabva munzira panosvika 2015 mumaguta akaita seBeijing neTianjin, uye panosvika 2017 kune dzimwe nyika. Vakuru vanorongawo kutsiva madiki maindasitiri eutsi boilers nemhando dzakakura zvakakwana kuti dzigare tekinoroji inoderedza kuburitswa.
Pakupedzisira, hurumende inotarisira kutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma marasha anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi negasi chaiwo uye yakagadzira homwe yakakosha yekutsigira zvirongwa zvemagetsi emagetsi. Kana chirongwa ichi chichienderera mberi sezvakarongwa, mitemo mitsva inogona kuderedza kubudiswa kwegore negore kwezvinosvibisa zvikuru ne 40-55 muzana kubva muna 2011 pakupera kwa 2015. Ihombe "kana", asi inenge chimwe chinhu.
Mvura nevhu zveChina zvinenge zvasvibiswa zvakanyanya semhepo. Vari kukonzeresa mafekitori anorasa marara mumaindasitiri zvisiri izvo, mapurazi anonyanya kushandisa fetereza, kushaikwa kwemichina yekuunganidza, yekuchenesa nekurasa marara nemvura inoraswa. Uye kana mvura nevhu zvasvibiswa, nyika iri panjodzi: yakakwira simbi inorema senge cadmium yakawanikwa muChinese mupunga kakawanda mumakore achangopfuura. Vaongorori vanotarisira kuti mari mukupisa marara, marara ane njodzi mumaindasitiri uye kuchenesa mvura inoraswa kuchakura nezvikamu zvinopfuura makumi matatu kubva muzana kubva muna 30 pakupera kwa2011, paine imwezve mari ye2015 bhiriyoni yeyuan ($264 bhiriyoni) panguva ino. nguva. China yakaita basa guru rekuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yetsvina, uye pakati pa44 na2006, nhamba yenzvimbo idzi yakawedzera nekanopfuura katatu kusvika pa2012. Asi zvakawanda zviri kudiwa, sezvo kudiwa kwekuchenesa mvura yetsvina kuchawedzera nezvikamu gumi kubva muzana pagore kubva. 3340 kusvika 10.
Kugadzira kupisa kana magetsi kubva mukupisa harisi iro bhizinesi rinonyanya kunaka, asi kudiwa kwesevhisi iyi kuchakura ne53 muzana pagore mumakore mashoma anotevera, uye nekuda kwerubatsiro rwehurumende, nguva yekubhadhara kwezvivako zvitsva ichaderedzwa kusvika kumakore manomwe.
Makambani esimende ari kushandisa hombe hombe kupisa limestone nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvinowanika pose pose - saka vanogonawo kushandisa marara seimwewo nzvimbo yemafuta.
Maitiro ekupisa marara emumba, marara emumaindasitiri uye tsvina yesuweji mukugadzira simende ibhizinesi idzva muChina, vanoongorora vanodaro. Sezvo ari mafuta akachipa, anogona kunge achivimbisa mune ramangwana - kunyanya nekuti anogadzira dioxin inokonzera gomarara shoma pane mamwe mafuta. China iri kuramba ichinetsekana kuti iwanise vagari vayo, varimi pamwe nemaindasitiri mvura yakakwana. Kugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina uye kushandiswazve kuri kuramba kuchikosha basa.