Mukati
tsananguro
Cocoa batare ndeye chaiwo, mafuta echisikigo asina chero zvinowedzera. Yakagadzirwa kubva pambeu dzecocoa bhinzi dzinokura pamuti wechokoreti kunozvarwa kuSouth America. Chigadzirwa chitsva munhoroondo yevanhu chakakurumidza kuwana kuzivikanwa. Chokwadi, chete pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19, mushure mekugadzirwa kwemuchina, ivo vakadzidza kuutora.
Uye kunyangwe gare gare, masayendisiti akawana hunhu hunokosha hwecocoa ruomba, ane zvinopfuura mazana matatu zvemishonga uye zvinobatsira. Hazvisi zvechinhu icho muti wechokoreti, wakawanikwa muzana ramakore rechi 300, unonzi "chikafu chevamwari". Masayendisiti anoti cocoa butter yakasikwa inoita zvishamiso kumuviri wemunhu.
Zivo yezvivakwa, kuumbwa uye nzira dzekushandisa kwechigadzirwa chinonakidza uye, chokwadika, chichava chinobatsira muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, nekuti nyanzvi dzinokurudzira zvikuru kuishandisa nguva dzose.
Nhoroondo yekocoa bota
Kuwanikwa kweAmerica kwakabvumidza maEuropean kuti vazive nehukuru hwezvirimwa zvaimbozivikanwa uye zvisingadzoreke nhasi. Mumwe wacho waiva muti wecocoa. Vanokunda vakauya munyika dzevaAztec vakashamiswa kwete nekuwanda kwegoridhe mumizinda yemadzishe, asiwo nenyaya yekuti bhowa rekocoa, rakasarudzika kune vekuEurope, vaionekwa semari pano.
Mune matura emuzinda, makumi mana ezviuru mabhegi akawanikwa, ayo aigona kutenga varanda kana zvipfuyo.
Pane imwe nguva muEurope, cocoa yakakurumidza kuve yefashoni, uye varanda pamapurazi eSouth America vakaunganidza michero kune vanokudzwa veSpanish neFrance. Kudyara kwakakura kwete kwete chete kuSouth America kondinendi, asi zvakare kwakaonekwa muAfrica.
VeEuropean vakadanana nechinwiwa chevatungamiriri veIndia, vakauya nepfungwa yekuwedzera shuga kukocoa, asi chimwe chinhu chakavhiringidza vazhinji vanoda cocoa. Vabiki pavakangopisa bhinzi dzakazara nemvura, madenderedzwa eoiri aiyangarara pamusoro.
Mafuta anoshamisa emuriwo anochengeta hwema hunofadza akabviswa, uye mushure mekupora inova yakaoma uye yakafanana nesipo.
Chidikanwa cheshokoreti yemvura chakakura nekukurumidza, ma confectioners akaedza kugadzira chokoreti yakaoma, asi zvaive zvisingaite kugadzira kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kusvikira Konrad van Houten muna 1825 asarudza kushandisa kwete chete kupisa, asiwo kumanikidza kupatsanura mafuta. Chiitiko ichi chakabudirira, uye mushure memakore matatu muvambi akabvumidza hydraulic muchina.
Zvakazoitika kuti nekufunga kuisa kugadzirwa kwemafuta-asina hupfu hwekunwa parukova, van Houten akapa nyika chigadzirwa chakakosha - cocoa butter.
Iyo yekugadzira yaive yechimurenga, nekuti iyo hydraulic yekudhinda yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana mafuta, ayo akakurumidza kuve akakosha zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo pakarepo yakawanikwa poda yakasununguka, iyo yaishandiswa kugadzirwa kwechinwiwa. Iko kuwedzerwa kwe30-40% cocoa batau kwakashandura hupfu kuva mabara akaomarara - prototype yechokoreti yemazuva ano
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi19 muEurope, kugadzirwa kwekocoa ruomba kwaive kuchizara, uye muAmerica mutengesi Girardelli akawana nzira yake muna 1860. Paaitakura bhinzi kubva kuPeru kuenda kuUnited States, akaona kuti bhinzi yepasi yaipa kukwira mafuta kunyangwe kumucheka wehombodo yetangi. Iyo nzira yekutsvaira yaive zvakare yakapihwa patent, asi iyo van Houten nzira yakaratidza kuve inobudirira uye yakasimba.
Nekuda kwechigadzirwa ichi, cocoa uye chokoreti zvakamira kwenguva refu kuve chinonaka chete kune vanhu vakapfeka korona, uye cocoa ruomba runoshandiswa kwete chete muindasitiri yezvikafu, asiwo mukurapa uye cosmetology.
Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvezvinhu zvepasi zvakasvibirira izvozvi zvave kugadzirwa kwete panzvimbo yevaIndia, asi kunharaunda yeAfrica nyika, semuenzaniso, kuCôte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria neCameroon.
Kocoa batare chitarisiko
Natural cocoa ruomba inozivikanwa nehunhu hwayo yakajeka yeyero, yakasviba ruvara, mukaka kunhuwirira nechokoreti hint. Iko kwakajairika kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kwakaomarara uye kupwanyika, kunonyungudika zviri nyore patembiricha iri pamusoro pe32 C. Mafuta akazara uye nekukasira anonyungudika, mukubatana nemuviri wemunhu, pamwe nemumuromo, pasina kusiya waxy aftertaste.
Iyo inoshandiswa munenge munzvimbo dzese dzezvekudya nema cosmetic maindasitiri. Kocoa batare yakasikwa uye yakashatiswa. Mafuta ane deodorized, kusiyana nemafuta echisikigo, haana hwema, anogadzirwa neimwe nzira. Kana uchichenesa, zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemakemikari, chigadzirwa hachirasikirwe neicho chinobatsira.
Kuumbwa uye kukosha kwehutano hwecocoa butter
Kocoa ruomba ndicho chakakosha uye chakakosha chikamu checocoa bhinzi. Icho chiri musanganiswa wemafuta acids. Mafuta akaguta anoumba 57-64%, asina kuisirwa mafuta 46-33%.
Rondedzero yacho inosanganisira:
- arachidonic acid: inodzivirira muviri kubva kune zvinokuvadza maruva uye mabhakitiriya;
- stearic acid: ine yakasimba emollient mhedzisiro;
- palmitic uye lauric uye acids: vane moisturizing uye kuporesa zvivakwa;
- linoleic acid: inosimbisa bvudzi uye ganda;
- oleic acid: ine simba antioxidant;
- amino acids;
- mavhitaminzi A, B, F, C uye E;
- zvicherwa: iron, magnesium, potasium, ayodini, zinc, calcium, chromium, nezvimwe.
- Koriori zvemukati 900 kcal pa100 g;
- Theobromine chinhu chinhu chinorwisa mabhakitiriya.
- Iko kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa kwakasimba makemikari, isingatapurike nemaitiro e oxidative, zvinobatsira kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwechero chigadzirwa, nekushandisa kwayo.
Ine phenyltylamine, chinhu chinozivikanwa semushonga werudo. Phenyltylamine yakafanana nekemikari inowanikwa mumunhu murudo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chokoreti yave ichinzi "mufaro hormone". Uye izvi zvese nekuda kwekocoa bhinzi uye bhotoro rayo.
Mhando uye mhando
Mbishi, isina kutsanangurwa cocoa butter ine hunhu hwe "chokoreti". Kana zvichidikanwa kubvisa hwema hwechisikigo, semuenzaniso, kuwedzera chinhu kune chokoreti chena, inoiswa kune yekurapa mweya munzvimbo yekuzorora.
Panguva imwecheteyo, oiri yakabviswa haina kurasikirwa neayo anobatsira ehupfumi, uye maitiro acho pachawo anonzi deodorization.
Hunhu hwemabhinzi hune anosvika 50% mafuta. Kana ikadzvanywa, chinhu chacho chinhu chakajeka chemvura, asi inokurumidza kuomarara kunyangwe patembiricha yemukati. Kana yapera, bhotoro iri rakatsvuka kana rakachena uye rinotaridzika sesipo inonhuhwirira. Unogona kusungunusa cocoa ruomba zvakare nekupisa kune tembiricha yemuviri.
Aya maitiro maficha anosiyanisa anodhura echisikigo mafuta kubva kune aripo anotsiva
Ravidza hunhu
Kocoa batare yakaoma mafuta emuriwo ine mwenje beige kana yero tint. Zvisinei nekugara kwayo, mafuta anogona kudzikira uye kuita oxidize. Muchiitiko ichi, ruvara rwayo runochinja, rucheneruka, rachena kana kuchena zvachose.
Izvo zvakaviriswa mbishi zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinopa bhotela hwema hwehunhu hweakakangwa cocoa bhinzi. Kana ikanyungudutswa, bhotoro rinonyungudika pasina kusiya chisina kunaka chine mafuta.
Sezvineiwo, iwo mafuta ipolymorphic, ndiko kuti, kana akasimbiswa, anogona kuita matanhatu akasiyana mafomu ekristaro. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mune yekuravira hunhu hwechigadzirwa. Vanokanganisa vanofunga makristaro erudzi rwe "beta" seakanaka.
Rudzi urwu rwe chokoreti runogara rwakaomarara, asi runochengetedza chimiro chayo. Iko pamusoro pemataira ane kupenya kusingaite pasina madhiri kana mafuta.
Nehurombo, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wemafuta echisikigo, nhasi unogona kazhinji kuwana zvinotsiva - mafuta emiriwo ane zvimiro zvakafanana zvemuviri, asi zvakanyatsosiyana kubva pairi mukuumbwa kweasidhi.
Ivo zvakanyanya kudzikisa mutengo wemakoni, asi mafuta akadaro haatombobatsiri, uye kuravira kwekunakirwa kunova kushoma kwakanatswa.
Inobatsira zvivakwa zvecocoa batare
- Tinotsigira basa tsinga masero (theobromine fuma).
- Inopa kuzara kweropa.
- Inosimbisa immune system (mavitamini A, E, C).
- Inobatsira kubata nezvirwere zvehutachiona.
- Iyo ine expectorant zvivakwa.
- Iyo ine kugona kufukidza iyo yakazvimba matissue uye kubvisa marwadzo.
- Iyo ine maitiro akanaka pane muviri wese. Iyo ine tonic zvivakwa. General massage uchishandisa cocoa butter inobatsira
- Anoporesa maronda uye kutsva (kunyangwe zvine mwero).
- Inoderedza cholesterol mazinga.
- Inokurudzira basa rehuropi, inowedzera chiitiko chepfungwa.
- Inovandudza iyo endocrine system.
- Inosimudzira kuonda nekudzvinyirira kudya. Inofanirwa kushandiswa muyero, nekuti ine makirori mazhinji.
- Inobata mamota uye anonetsa kutsemuka muanus. Kunyanya anobatsira kana kuwedzera chirwere.
- Inobatsira ne eczema uye fungal hutachiona.
- Inobvisa postpartum kutambanudza mamaki uye kutsemuka muzamu panguva yekupa chikafu.
- Inosimbisa bvudzi, inobvisa mativi akapatsanurwa.
- Inorerutsa kutaura makwinya. Inomutsiridza ganda rechiso nemuviri.
Kocoa ruomba mu cosmetology
Iko kushandiswa kwemafuta emiriwo nevagadziri vezvizoro kwave chinhu chisingarambike. Huwandu hukuru hwezvidzidzo pazvinhu zvecocoa ruomba zvakaratidza kuti chigadzirwa chinokwanisa kushandura ganda redu (kunyanya rakashayiwa mvura, rakaoma uye rakapfava) nevhudzi.
Kocoa ruomba runonyanya kubatsira paganda munguva inotonhora yemwaka yekuvhuvhu uye yechando, kana pakaoma uye nechando mweya unohusvibisa. Kocoa bhinzi bhotoro yemuviri inonyatso nyorovesa uye kupfava ganda, kupinda mukati zvakadzika mumaseru, kuita kuti ganda rive rakatsiga, rakatsetseka, rakasununguka uye riite riine zvinovaka muviri.
Cocoa batare kumeso
Chigadzirwa chinogona kushandiswa nevanhu vane chero mhando yeganda. Kune varidzi veganda rakaoma, nyanzvi dzinopa zano kunyorera zvakananga kumeso (mushure mekuchenesa), kunyanya husiku.
Zvekubatana, zvakajairika kune ganda rine mafuta, rinoshandiswa sehwaro hwekunyorovesa kirimu kana sechigadzirwa chega-chega. Iko hakuna imwechete uye chaiyo nzira yekushandisa mafuta.
Asi pane kurudziro kubva ku cosmetologists: cocoa ruomba ipfuma sosi ye antioxidants uye emollients. Shandisa tandem nema moisturizers kuti uwedzere hunyoro huremo hwechiso uye hwakanyanya hydration.
Rakaoma kana rakabatanidzwa ganda mhando:
Chiso chekukweshesa: sanganisa mafurawa maviri akanyoroveswa nepuniji yeuchi, maipuni maviri eoatmeal uye walnuts akachekwa. Isa musanganiswa kune kumeso kunyorova, kwiza kumeso kwemaminetsi mashoma, wozosuka nemvura.
Mask inovaka
Ganda rinokwegura
Sakanidza supuni yemafuta embeu yemuzambiringa, jisi reAroe (chipunu), yakanyunguduka cocoa bota (teaspoon). Nyorera kumeso kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu uyezve sukurudza nekusiyanisa mvura (inodziya uye inotonhora). Iyo maski inoita basa rakanakisa rekunyorovesa nekumutsiridza ganda;
Face mask: cocoa butter, huchi hwemvura, karoti muto (chimwe nechimwe chinhu - imwe teaspoon), muto wemonimu (madonhwe gumi) uye 10 yolk musanganiswa, isa zvinyoro kumeso kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mushure mekunge maski yagezwa, zora kumeso kwako nechando cube.
Ganda rine mafuta
Homemade cream ine zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: almond, rapeseed uye cocoa butter, lavender uye rosemary yakakosha tinctures. Sanganisa zvakagadzirirwa zvikamu zvekirimu pamwe chete uye isa mugirazi yegirazi, chitoro munzvimbo ine rima.
Chakajairika chinogadzira maski: sanganisa imwe teaspoon yekocoa bota, mukaka wakanyoroveswa uye chero muto wemichero wega uye isa kumeso. Mushure mokubata maski kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu, sukurudza nemvura.
Zano reCosmetologist: chigadzirwa ndecheyese. Usatya kuishandisa pamwe chete nekuporesa kwakakosha mairi uye miriwo iwe yaunoziva. Shandisa kumutsidzira mutsipa, bvisa tsoka dzegungu, denderedzwa dema pasi pemeso. Simbisa eyelashes ako uye tsiye.
Kocoa ruomba rwebvudzi
Masiki akagadzirirwa anobatsira kusimbisa bvudzi, iro rinosanganisira: rosemary (2 mashupuni) uye yakanyunguduka cocoa butter (3 mashupuni). Rosemary inofanira kutanga yaiswa mumvura inopisa kwemaawa maviri. Iyo maski inoiswa kune iro bvudzi kwemaawa maviri, rakafukidzwa nehombodo yepurasitiki uye tauro. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa masiki ekurapa ka2 pavhiki.
Bvudzi rekuchengetedza mask
Zvisungo: cocoa batare, burdock, rosemary uye ginger, burdock, violet, oregano, rosehip, chamomile, calendula zvakaburitswa, calamus mudzi mafuta mushoma, cognac. Iyo inoshandiswa pakurapa zvinangwa, kupfava kwebvudzi kuchengetedza, kusimbisa bvudzi midzi uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwebvudzi.
Nekuda kwekunyorovesa kwecocoa ruomba, chifukidzo chinoputira bvudzi, chinodzivirira magumo kuti asatsemuke, ipapo chinodzosera bvudzi rakakuvara. Shandisa kamwe kana kaviri pamazuva manomwe, uchichengeta bvudzi kwemaawa maviri pasi pepurasitiki uye tauro.
Kubika kunyorera
Pamberi pekugadzirwa kweiyo hydraulic yekudhinda pakati pezana ramakore rechi19, mapheki echingwa akasanganisa pasi cocoa bhinzi, huchi, nzungu nezvinonhuwira, uye ndokutsimbirira huwandu hwakakonzerwa. Chokoreti iyoyo yanga isingaite senge chokoreti yemazuva ano.
Asi nekuuya kwecocoa butter, hunyanzvi hwechokotiati hwasvika padanho nyowani.
Asi kunyangwe nanhasi, yakasikwa cocoa batare haifambi kutengeswa, ingangoita zvese zviri kudiwa nevanogadzira uye zviri kuramba zvichidhura.
Kudiwa kwechigadzirwa kuri kukura, nekuti pasina mafuta aya hazvigoneke kufungidzira slab chokoreti, ese maswiti nemabhawa, keke, fondants uye glaze. Sapakutanga, cocoa butter inogadzira chokoreti inopisa inopisa uye inogutsa uye inowedzerwa kune mamwe makofi uye madhiri.
Uye chena chokoreti inofanirwa nekuvapo kwayo uye zita chete kune yakashatiswa cocoa butter. Mune kamukira kayo, kusiyana nemukaka wayo kana murima shamwari, hapana cocoa uremu, chete hupfu hwehuga, vanilla nemukaka.
Kana mudikani wezvekudya aine rombo rakaringana rekutenga cocoa ruomba, zvino zvinomubatsira kugona hunyanzvi hwekutengesa ega uye anonzwa sepiyona wechokoreti.
Kocoa ruomba runogona kuwedzerwa kune zvinwiwa uye madhiri, mukaka zviyo uye puddings. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chekubvumira kuti ipise zvakanyanya, kuitira kuti mafuta arege kurasikirwa nezvose zvinobatsira, asi inounza chete mufaro, simba uye hutano.