Nhoroondo yekudyara
 

Vegetarianism chirongwa chemafashoni chikafu, sekureva kwenyanzvi, chiri kungowana mukurumbira. Iyo inonamatirwa nenyeredzi uye vateveri vayo, vatambi vane mukurumbira uye vesaenzi, vanyori, vadetembi uye kunyangwe vanachiremba. Zvakare, zvisinei nehukama hwavo uye zera. Asi mumwe nemumwe wavo, sevamwe vanhu, munguva pfupi inotevera mubvunzo mumwe chete unomuka wekuti: "Zvakatanga sei?"

Rini uye nei vanhu vakatanga kusiya nyama?

Kupesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira kwekuti mavambo ekudyiwa kwemavara anotangira muEngland, pakatangwa izwi rezita rimwe chete, raizivikanwa makare-kare. Yekutanga yakasimbiswa kutaurwa kwevanhu vakasiya nyama nemaune vakadzokera kuXNUMXth - XNUMXth millennium BC. Panguva iyoyo, izvi zvakavabatsira mukutaurirana navanamwari, pamwe nekuita zvemashiripiti. Chokwadi, pakutanga, vapristi vakatendeukira kusadya nyama. Uye vakagara muIjipita Yekare.

Nyanzvi dzazvino uno dzinofunga kuti pfungwa dzakadai dzakakurudzirwa nechitarisiko chechipfuwo chevamwari vazhinji vevaIjipita. Ichokwadi, havaregedze chokwadi chekuti maIjipita vaitenda kumweya yemhuka dzakaurayiwa, dzinogona kukanganisa kutaurirana nemasimba epamusoro. Asi, ngazvive sezvazvinogona muchokwadi, kusadya nyama kwaivepo kanenge mumarudzi akati wandei, ndokuzobudirira kugarwa nhaka nevamwe.

 

Vegetarianism mu Yekare India

Zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa kuti munguva kubva paXNUM kusvika yechigumi nemakumi mana yemakore BC, chirongwa chakakosha chakatanga kubuda muIndia Yekare, zvichibatsira munhu kuti avandudze kwete chete pakunamata, asiwo panyama - hatha yoga. Uyezve, mumwe postulates wake kurambwa nyama. Kungoti nekuti inoendesa kumunhu hosha dzese nekutambura kwemhuka yakaurawa uye haimuiti kuti afare. Pakanga pari pakudya nyama panguva iyoyo vanhu pavakaona chikonzero chehasha dzevanhu nehasha. Uye hwakanakisa humbowo hweizvi hwaive shanduko dzakaitika kune wese munhu akachinja kudyara chikafu. Vanhu ava vakava noutano uye vakasimba mumweya.

Kukosha kweBuddha mukuvandudza kweVedarian

Masayendisiti anotora kubuda kweBuddha sedanho rakapatsanurwa mukukudziridzwa kwemidziyo. Zvakaitika muXNUMXst millennium BC, apo Buddha, muvambi weichi chitendero, pamwe nevateveri vake, vakatanga kutsigira kurambwa kwewaini uye nyama yekudya, vachishora kuuraya chero munhu mupenyu.

Ehe, havazi vese vechiBuddha vemazuva ano vanodya nyama. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze ane hutsinye mavanomanikidzwa kugara, semuenzaniso, kana zvasvika kuTibet kana Mongolia. Nekudaro, ivo vese vanotenda mumirairo yaBuddha, maererano nenyama isina kuchena isingafanirwe kudyiwa. Iyi ndiyo nyama, kune chitarisiko icho munhu ane hukama hwakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kana mhuka yakaurayirwa iye, nekuraira kwake, kana naiye.

Vegetarianism mukare Girisi

Zvinozivikanwa kuti rudo rwezvirimwa chikafu rwakazvarwa pano makare-kare. Icho chisimbiso chakanakisa cheizvi mabasa aSocrates, Plato, Plutarch, Diogenes nevamwe vazhinji vazivi avo vaifungisisa nezvakanakira kudya kwakadai. Zvisinei, kunyanya pakati pavo pfungwa pfungwa kwouzivi uye masvomhu Pythagoras. Iye, pamwe chete nevadzidzi vake vazhinji vaibva kumhuri dzine hunyanzvi, vakachinja kudyara zvekudya, nokudaro vachigadzira yekutanga "Sosaiti Yevarimi". Ehezve, vanhu vakavakomberedza vaigara vachinetseka nezvekuti nyowani hutano hwehurongwa hunogona kukuvadza hutano hwavo. Asi muzana ramakore rechina BC. e. maHippocrates ane mukurumbira vakapindura mibvunzo yavo yese uye vakabvisa kusahadzika kwavo.

Kufarira maari kwakasimudzirwa nenyaya yekuti mumazuva iwayo zvaive zvakaoma kuwana imwe nyama, pamwe chete panguva yekubaira vamwari. Naizvozvo, yaive yakapfuma vanhu vaidya. Varombo, nenzira isingadzivisiki, vakava varimi.

Chokwadi, mapundits vakanzwisisa zvakakwana mabhenefiti anounzwa nevanhu kusadya uye vakagara vachitaura nezvazvo. Vakasimbisa kuti kunzvenga nyama inzira yakanangana nehutano hwakanaka, kushandiswa kwepasi zvine mutsindo uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kudzikisira mhirizhonga inomutsidzira zvisingaite kana munhu afunga kutora hupenyu hwemhuka. Zvakare, ipapo vanhu vaitenda mukuvapo kwemweya mavari uye nemukana wekutama.

Nenzira, yaive muGrisi Yekare ndipo pakatanga kukakavadzana kwekutanga nezvezvinodyiwa. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti Aristotle, muteveri wePythagoras, akaramba kuvapo kwemweya mumhuka, semhedzisiro yaakadya nyama yavo iye nekuraira vamwe. Uye mudzidzi wake, Theophrastus, aigara achipokana naye, achinongedzera kuti vekupedzisira vanokwanisa kunzwa kurwadziwa, uye, nekudaro, vane manzwiro nemweya.

ChiKristu uye kusadya nyama

Munguva yekutanga kwayo, maonero pamusoro pechikafu chirongwa aya aipokana. Tongere wega: zvinoenderana nemaCanon canon, mhuka hadzina mweya, saka dzinogona kudyiwa zvakachengeteka. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vakatsaurira hupenyu hwavo kuchechi uye kuna Mwari, vasingazive vanonamira kune zvekudya zvemiti, nekuti hazvibatsire pakuratidzwa kwekuchiva.

Ichokwadi, yatove muzana ramakore rechi 1000 AD, apo mukurumbira wechiKristu wakatanga kukura, munhu wese akarangarira Aristotle nenharo dzake achifarira nyama ndokutanga kuishandisa nekudya. Pakupedzisira, yakaguma kuva mugove wevapfumi, uyo wakatsigirwa zvizere nechechi. Avo avo vasina kufunga kudaro vakapedzisira vava panjodzi yeKubvunzurudza. Pasina mubvunzo kutaura, kune zviuru zvevanyowani vechokwadi pakati pavo. Uye zvakatora makore angangoita mazana mana - kubva 400 kusvika 1400 AD. e.

Ndiani mumwezve aive miriwo

  • Iwo maInca ekare, ane mararamire achiri kufarira vazhinji.
  • VaRoma vekare munguva yekutanga yeRepublic, avo vakatogadzira zvesaology dietology, zvisinei, yakagadzirirwa vanhu vakapfuma.
  • VaTao vekare veChina.
  • VaSpartan vaigara mumamiriro ekuzvinyima kwakazara, asi panguva imwe chete vaive nemukurumbira wesimba uye kutsungirira.

Uye ichi hachisi chinyorwa chakazara. Zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa kuti mumwe wevamwari vekutanga, mushure maMuhammad, akakurudzira vadzidzi vake kuti vasiye nyama uye kwete kushandura matumbu avo kuva makuva emhuka dzakaurayiwa. Pane zvirevo nezve kudiwa kwekudya zvekudya zvemiti muBhaibheri, mubhuku raGenesisi.

Renaissance

Inogona kunzi zvakachengeteka nguva yekumutsiridzwa kwevanodya nyama. Chokwadi, mukutanga kweMiddle Ages, vanhu vakakanganwa nezvake. Gare gare, mumwe wevamiriri vayo vakajeka aive Leonardo da Vinci. Akafungidzira kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera, kuuraya mhuka dzisina mhosva kwaizobatwa nenzira imwecheteyo sekuuraya munhu. Nekudaro, Gassendi, muzivi wechiFrench, akati kudya nyama hakuzi hunhu hwevanhu, uye achitsigira dzidziso yake akatsanangura chimiro chemazino, achitarisa pachokwadi chekuti haina kuitirwa kutsenga nyama.

J. Ray, musayendisiti anobva kuEngland, akanyora kuti chikafu chenyama hachiunzi simba. Uye munyori mukuru weChirungu Thomas Tryon akapfuurira mberi, achitaura mumapeji ebhuku rake "Nzira Yehutano" kuti nyama ndiyo inokonzera zvirwere zvakawanda. Zvichida nekuti mhuka pachadzo, dziripo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, dzinotambura kubva kwavari, uye zvobva zvangoitika vozvipfuudza kuvanhu. Uye zvakare, akasimbirira kuti kutora hupenyu hwechimwe chisikwa nekuda kwechikafu hakuna musoro.

Chokwadi, kunyangwe paine nharo idzi, pakanga pasina vakawanda kudaro vaida kusiya nyama vachitsigira chikafu chemuti. Asi zvese zvakachinja pakati pezana ramakore reXNUMXth.

Iyo nhanho nyowani mukuvandudza kwevanodya nyama

Yakanga iri panguva iyi iyo yemafashoni chikafu sisitimu yakatanga kuwana mukurumbira wayo. MaBritish akaita basa rakakosha mune izvi. Runyerekupe rune izvo kuti vakauya naye kubva kuIndia, koloni yavo, pamwe nechitendero cheVedic. Kufanana nezvose zvekumabvazuva, zvakakurumidza kutanga kuwana hunhu hukuru. Zvakare, zvimwe zvinhu zvakakonzera izvi.

Muna 1842, izwi rekuti “kusadya nyama“Tinotenda nekuedza kwevakavamba veBritish Vegetarian Society muManchester. Akazvarwa kubva kuzita rekare rechiLatin "vegetus", iro rinoshandurwa kuti "nyowani, ane simba, ane hutano." Uye zvakare, yaive yekufananidzira, nekuti mune ruzha rwayo yaive yakafanana ne "muriwo" - "muriwo". Uye zvisati zvaitika, chikafu chinozivikanwa chikafu chaingodaidzwa kuti "Indian".

Kubva kuEngland, yakapararira muEurope yose neAmerica. Izvi zvakakonzerwa zvikuru nechishuvo chokurega kuuraya nokuda kwezvokudya. Zvisinei, maererano nevamwe vaongorori vezvematongerwo enyika, dambudziko rehupfumi, iro rakakonzera kukwira kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa zvenyama, rakaita basa rinokosha pano. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vanhu vakakurumbira vomunguva yavo vakataura vachifarira kudya miriwo.

Schopenhauer akataura kuti vanhu vanoshandira nemaune chikafu chekudyara vane tsika dzakakwirira. Uye Bernard Shaw akatenda kuti aibata semunhu ane hunhu, achiramba kudya nyama yemhuka dzisina mhaka.

Kubuda kwekudya nyama muRussia

Leo Tolstoy akaita mupiro wakakura mukuvandudzwa kwechikafu ichi pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri. Iye pachake akapa nyama kumashure muna 1885 mushure mekusangana naWilliam Frey, uyo akamuratidza kuti muviri wemunhu hauna kugadzirwa kugaya chikafu chakaomarara kudaro. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vamwe vevana vake vakabatsira kusimudzira kusadya nyama. Kutenda neizvi, makore akati wandei gare gare muRussia, vakatanga kupa hurukuro pamusoro pekubatsira kwekusadya nyama uye kuita misangano yezita rimwe chete.

Uyezve, Tolstoy akabatsira kukura kwevanodya nyama kwete neshoko chete, asiwo nemabasa. Akanyora nezvazvo mumabhuku, akavhura masangano edzidzo evana uye canteens dzevanhu nezvikafu zvakajairwa zvemuriwo kune vanhu vanoshaya.

Muna 1901, nzanga yekutanga yezvirimwa yakaonekwa muSt. Munguva iyi, basa rekudzidzisa rakatanga, richiteverwa nekuonekwa kwemakateji emidziyo ekutanga akazara. Mumwe wavo aive muMoscow paNikitsky Boulevard.

Mushure mekumukira kwaGumiguru, kusadya nyama kwakarambidzwa, asi mushure memakumi mashoma emakore kwakamutswazve. Zvinozivikanwa kuti nhasi kune vanopfuura varidzi miriyoni imwe vezvirimwa munyika, avo vachiri kuzivisa nezve mabhenefiti ayo pachena, kuyedza kuiita yakakurumbira uye, nekudaro, kuponesa hupenyu hwemhuka dzisina mhaka.


Maitiro ekuvandudza uye kuumbwa kwevanodya nyama anodzokera kumashure zviuru zvemakore. Pakanga paine nguva mairi kana yaive panhongonya yekuzivikanwa kana, mukupesana, mukukanganwa, asi, kunyangwe ivo, ichiripo uye ichiwana vanoyemura pasi rese. Pakati pevanhu vakakurumbira uye vateveri vavo, vatambi, masayendisiti, vanyori, vadetembi uye nevanhuwo zvavo.

Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekudyara nyama:

Leave a Reply