Chekutanga, chokwadi chishoma nezve kurasikirwa kwechikafu maererano neFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations (FAO):
· Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chechikafu chinogadzirwa munyika chinoraswa. Izvi zvinenge mabhiriyoni 1,3 ematani ezvokudya pagore.
• Zvokudya zvinokwana mabhiriyoni 680 zvinoraswa gore negore munyika dzakabudirira; munyika dziri kusimukira - ne310 mabhiriyoni emadhora pagore.
· Nyika dzakabudirira uye nyika dziri kugadzira tsvina dzinenge huwandu hwechikafu - zvakateerana 670 uye 630 miriyoni matani pagore.
Michero nemiriwo, pamwe nemidzi nemachubhu, zvinoraswa zvakanyanya.
· Pamunhu, tsvina yechikafu chevatengi i95-115 kg pagore muEurope neNorth America, nepo vatengi vari kumaodzanyemba kweSahara Africa neSouth neSoutheast Asia vanongorasa 6-11 kg pagore.
· Padanho rekutengesa, chikafu chakawanda chinoraswa nekuda kwekuti hachitaridzike chakakwana kunze. Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda kune michero nemiriwo. Zvibereko zvine zvikanganiso zviduku zvekunze hazvitengwi nyore nyore semichero ye "yakarurama" chimiro uye ruvara.
· Kuraswa kwechikafu ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuparadza zviwanikwa zvinosanganisira mvura, ivhu, simba, vashandi nemari. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwandisa kwechikafu kunotungamirira kukubudisa gasi regreenhouse zvisina basa. Izvi zvinobva zvaitawo kuti pasi rose riwedzere.
· Pakazere, kurima kunotora chikamu chiri pakati pechishanu nechikamu chimwe chete muzvina chepasi rose kubudisa gasi regreenhouse. FAO inofungidzira kuti 4,4 gigatonnes yecarbon dioxide inoraswa kubva muchikafu gore rega rega. Izvi zvinodarika kuburitswa kwegore rose kweCO2 kweIndia uye zvakada kuita sekuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kubva mukutakura mumigwagwa.
· Kunyange kana 25% chete yezvokudya zvose zvakaraswa yaigona kuchengetwa, zvaizova zvakakwana kudyisa vanhu mamiriyoni 870. Parizvino, vanhu vane mamiriyoni mazana masere vanotambura nenzara.
• Gore rega rega tinoda nzvimbo inosvika 14 miriyoni square kilometers yeminda yekurima kuti ibudise chikafu chinoraswa. Izvi zvishoma zvishoma pane iyo yakazara nzvimbo yeRussia.
• Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, 40% yekurasikirwa kunoitika panguva yekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa mushure mekukohwa. Munyika dzakabudirira, kupfuura 40% yekurasikirwa kunoitika pamwero wevatengesi nevatengi. Ndiko kuti, munyika dzakapfuma, vatengi ivo pachavo vanorasa (kazhinji vasina kubatwa) zvokudya. Uye munyika dzine urombo, kupambadzwa kwezvokudya kunokonzerwa nokusamira zvakanaka kwokurima, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka, uye indasitiri yokuisa zvinhu zvakanaka yakasimukira. Nokudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti munyika dzakapfuma budiriro inokonzera kurasikirwa kwezvokudya, nepo munyika dzine urombo kuri iko kushaikwa kwebudiriro.
Ungaita sei?
Nzira yekudzikisa sei tsvina yechikafu pamwero wekicheni yako? Heano mamwe mazano anoshanda:
· Usaenda kunotenga usina chinhu. Usashandise ngoro huru muchitoro, tora tswanda panzvimbo.
· Nyora runyoro rwezvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kukosha pachine nguva, tsauka kubva pazviri zvishoma sezvaunokwanisa.
Usati watenga zvokudya zvinotengeswa nemutengo “wakanaka,” funga kuti uchadya here zvokudya izvi munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
· Shandisa ndiro diki. Vanhu vanowanzoisa zvokudya zvakawanda mundiro huru kupfuura zvavanogona kudya. Zvimwe chetezvo zvezvitauro zviri muresitorendi.
· Kana usina chawadya muresitorendi, wokumbira kuti zvasara zvirongedzerwe iwe.
· Vimba nekuravira kwako uye kunhuwa mukutonga mazuva ekupera. Vatengi dzimwe nguva vanofunga kuti zvokudya zvemazuva ano hazvina ngozi kuti zvidyiwe, asi izvi zvinongoshanda pazvokudya zvinoparara (zvakadai senyama nehove).
Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekuchengetedza kwakakodzera.
Nzira yekuchengetedza zvakanaka michero nemiriwo
Kana miriwo nemichero zvakaputirwa mune yakakosha kurongedza uye iwe usingaronge kuidya nekukasira, saka zviri nani kuisiya mupakeji. Zvakakoshawo kuchengeta miriwo nemichero panzvimbo yakakodzera. Mamwe marudzi anonyatsochengetwa mufiriji, asi mamwe anonyatsochengetwa kunze kwefiriji.
Chengetedza matomatisi kunze kwefiriji munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma. Nenzira, idya madomasi akaibva chete. Madomasi asina kuibva ane muchetura wetomatine, unogona kukuvadza hutano.
Hanyanisi inokurumidza kutora hunyoro uye kuora, saka ichengetedze munzvimbo yakaoma. Nenzira, anyanisi inotorawo zvinonaka, kusanganisira kunhuhwirira kwegariki, saka zvakanakisisa kuzvichengeta zvakasiyana.
Karoti yechando, parsnips, uye celery midzi ine hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu. Zviri nani kuachengeta munzvimbo yakaoma pa12-15°C.
Mbatata inonyanya kuchengetwa munzvimbo ine rima, inotonhorera.
Chengetedza eggplants, magaka, uye pepper kubva mufiriji, asi kure nemadomasi nemichero. Maeggplant anonyanya kunzwa ethylene, gasi rinogadzirwa nemabhanana, mapeya, maapuro, uye matomatisi. Pasi pesimba re ethylene, eggplants anove akafukidzwa nerima mavara uye anovava mukuravira.
Magaka akaoma mufiriji. Kazhinji magaka anotengeswa mufirimu. Usaibvise nokuti inowedzera hupenyu hwesherufu nevhiki.
Miriwo yemashizha, yakadai se lettuce uye chicory, uye miriwo yecruciferous (cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, daikon, radishes, turnips) inonyanya kuchengetwa mufiriji.
Izvi zvakafanana zvinoenda kune celery mashanga uye leeks.
Marimu nemimwe michero yecitrus zvinonyanya kuchengetwa munzvimbo ine rima kunze kwefiriji. Avhareji yehupenyu hwemasherufu emichero yecitrus mazuva gumi nemana.
Mabhanana nemimwe michero yekunze inotambura nechando. Kana dzakachengetwa pamatembiricha ari pasi pe7 ° C, ipapo kuparadzwa kwesero kunotanga, chibereko chinorasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye chinogona kuora.
Mazambiringa anonyanya kuchengetwa mufiriji. Ikoko icharamba ichishandiswa kwemazuva manomwe, uye kunze kwefiriji - mazuva matatu chete kusvika mana. Chengetedza mazambiringa muhomwe yepepa kana pandiro.
Maapuro achagara kusvika kumavhiki matatu kwenguva refu mufiriji kupfuura kunze kwefiriji.
Miriwo yakagurwa nemichero inofanira kugara ichichengetwa mufiriji. Izvi zvinoshanda kune marudzi ese.
Nzira yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvemukaka
Cottage cheese, mukaka, yogati uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvine zuva rekupera. Kusvikira zuva rino, mugadziri anovimbisa kunaka kwakanaka. Mushure mekupera kwemazuva, kunaka kwechigadzirwa kunogona kuderera. Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvinowanzokodzera kudyiwa kwemazuva akati wandei mushure mezuva rakaratidzwa pasuru. Shandisa kuona kwako, kunhuwidza, uye kuravira kuti uone kana chigadzirwa chichiri chakanaka. Yakavhurwa yoghurt inogona kuchengetwa mufiriji kwemazuva 5-7, mukaka - 3-5 mazuva.
Zvakanaka, zvakadini nekuumbwa? Chikafu chine chakuvhe zvishoma chinogona kucheneswa here?
Mold "yakanaka" uye inokuvadza. Yekutanga inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwechizi seGorgonzola naBrie. Ichi chakuvhe chinogona kudyiwa. Mold yakanaka inosanganisirawo penicillin. Imwe yakasara mold inokuvadza, kana kutonyanya kukuvadza. Zvinokuvadza zvikuru kuisa mold pazviyo, nzungu, nzungu uye chibage.
Chii chaunofanira kuita kana mold yapararira pachikafu? Zvimwe zvekudya zvinogona kuponeswa zvishoma, asi zvizhinji zvinofanira kuraswa. Iwe unogona kuchengetedza chizi yakaoma (parmesan, cheddar) nemiriwo yakaoma nemichero (karoti, kabichi). Cheka nzvimbo yese yakasvibiswa ne mold, pamwe neinenge centimita imwe chete. Isa zvokudya zvakagayiwa mundiro dzakachena kana mapepa. Asi chingwa chakaumbwa, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakapfava, michero yakapfava nemiriwo, jamu nekuchengetedza zvichazoraswa.
Rangarira zvinotevera. Rucheno chinhu chikuru mukuderedza chakuvhe. Mold spores kubva kuzvokudya zvakasvibiswa zvinogona kupararira nyore nyore kune firiji yako, machira ekicheni, nezvimwewo. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuchenesa mukati mefiriji mwedzi mishomanana yega yega nemhinduro yekubika soda (1 kikapu kune girazi remvura). Chengeta mapepi, tauro, siponji, mops zvakachena. Kunhuwa kunoreva kuti mold inogara mavari. Rasa zvinhu zvese zvemukicheni zvisingagoni kuwachwa zvachose.