Mukati
Pasina kutarisana nezvirwere, isu hatina kungwarira nezve kudya kwedu. Zvisinei, mumwe anongofanira kubata pamatambudziko aya, isu tiri kutsvaga nzira uye nzira dzekudzorera muviri. Iyo yakapusa nzira pamwe nekudyiwa kwemapiritsi kana mamwe manenji ekurapa anowanzo kuve echinguvana uye anotakura nayo yakawanda yakawanda yakaipa mhedzisiro. Imwe yeanoshanda kwazvo uye asina kuomarara kushandisa nzira inogona kutariswa chikafu chine hutano, kunyanya sezvo zvazvinoita zvinogona kutakura basa rekudzivirira. Iko kushandiswa panguva imwe chete kwemarudzi ese enzira dzekudzoreredza muviri pamwe chete nehutano hwekurapa kunowedzera kushanda kwekurapa, nekuti ruzhinji rwezvirwere mhedzisiro yekushandisa zvisina kukodzera uye kusingagumi.
Nhoroondo yezvinoitika
Kubva panguva dzekare, vanhu vakatsvaga mishonga muchikafu. MuEgypt neRoma yekare, ivo vakasika zvinyorwa zvehutano zvine hutano, izvo zvakapona kusvika kumazuva edu. Mune zvinyorwa zvake, Hippocrates aigara achinyora nezve kuporesa chikafu. Akataura nezvekukosha kwenzira yemunhu pakusarudza chikafu chekurapa, achifunga kuomarara kwechirwere, zera remunhu, maitiro ake, mamiriro ekunze, uye kunyangwe.
Mubhuku rakakurumbira "Canon of Medicine", musayendisiti wekare weTajik Ibn-Sina akatsanangura maonero ake pamusoro pekukosha kwekudya, kunaka, huwandu uye nguva yekudya. Mubasa iri, akapa mazano anoshanda, kunyanya, munyaya yekubatsira uye kunakidza kwezvokudya zvinodyiwa. Gare gare MV Lomonosov mumabasa ake akadzidza kuumbwa uye mishonga yezvigadzirwa. Akashandisa ruzivo urwu mukugadzira kurudziro yekudya kunovaka muviri kwekufamba kwepolar nevafambisi vezvikepe.
Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, masayendisiti akawanda eEurope neSoviet akadai saNI Pirogov, SP Botkin, FI Inozemtsev, IE Dyakovsky akatanga kudzidza zvakadzama nezvemishonga yezvokudya. Nzira dzakasiyana dzakagadzirwa kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. Kusimudzirwa kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano muuto reSoviet ndeyeNI Pirogov. Akabhadhara zvakanyanya kuderedzwa kwekabhoni zvigadzirwa mukudya kwemauto, akagadzira chikafu chakakosha chevarwi vakakuvara. Mhedzisiro yaive kusikwa kwegwara rose mune dietetics. Nervism yakatsanangurwa mumabasa ezvesayenzi e13 uye yaisanganisira nyaya dzekudya pane zvirwere zvakawanda zvakakomba, ndiye akatanga kutarisa kudiwa kweprotein muzvokudya, uye akafunga mishonga yemishonga. Parizvino, nharaunda yesainzi, kugadzira biochemistry uye molecular sainzi, yakakwanisa kuwana tsvakiridzo yehutano paserura uye subcellular level.
Mitemo yekutanga yehutano hwekurapa
Mutemo mukuru unogona kunzi kudzoreredzwa kwehuremu hwehutachiona hunogona kubatwa nechirwere kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwemakemikari, epanyama uye bacteriological muyero wezvinhu zvinovaka muviri. Chinhu chikuru mubasa iri kunyatsoongorora chirwere uye zvivakwa zveimwe muviri. Kazhinji kazhinji, chikafu chehutano chinoshandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe matanho ekurapa: pharmacology, physiotherapy nevamwe.
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, chikafu chinopihwa basa rekutanga kana mamwe maitiro ekuvandudza hutano. Kuvimba nekushanda kwemuviri, chikafu chekurapa chinovakwa nenzira yemazuva ese, inonzi madhiri. Iwo makuru maparamendi echikafu anofanirwa kutariswa calorie yemukati, makemikari kuumbwa, vhoriyamu, maitiro ekugadzirisa uye maitiro ekushandiswa kwezvikamu.
Chikafu chekurapa chinogadzirwa uchifunga nezvezvido zvemunhu zvemuviri: uchifunga nezve dynamics yehupenyu hwemunhu, iyo calorie yemukati yechikafu inoverengerwa. Huwandu hwehuwandu hwekudya hunoenderana nedumbu remudumbu hunoverengerwa, kuronga manzwiro ekuguta. Kutsunga kwezvikamu zvekuravira, tichifunga nezvezvido zvemumwe munhu. Kusarudzwa kweiyo yakanyanya kugadziridzwa yezvigadzirwa zvekuratidzwa kweakanakisa kuravira kwavo uye chikafu chekudya. Kutsvaga kusimba uye kugara kwekudya kwekudya, sezvo nguva yekudya iyi haifanirwe kurebeswa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mumitemo miviri yakakurumbira mukurapa kwekudya. Kuregera kunoreva kuramba kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvinogadzira uye zvinomhanyisa maitiro echirwere. Uye Exercise ndeyekusunungura chikafu kuti udzokere kune yakazara chikafu chekudya.
Zvinoenderana nekudya, chinhu chikuru ndechekudzivirira kuzorora pakati pekudya kweanopfuura maawa mana, uye pakati pekudya kwemanheru nemangwanani kwemaawa gumi, izvi zvinonyatsoenderana nekudya mana kusvika matanhatu pazuva. Nguva yekudya inogadziriswa ichifunga nezvehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemuviri, uye chirwere chaicho. Kuisa mitemo iri pamusoro apa, maitiro maviri anoshandiswa: yekutanga uye yekudya. Vanoreva kugadzira chikafu chemunhu kune mumwe munhu, kana kushandisa chikafu chakasimbiswa uye chinoshanda, zvichiteerana.
Masangano edu ekurapa uye eprophylactic anonyanya kushandisa chirongwa chekudya chakagadzirwa neState Institute of Nutrition. Iyi sisitimu inobvumidza iwe kukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kuronga chikafu kune vanhu vazhinji panguva imwe chete. Iyo ine gumi neshanu zvirongwa zvekudya, zvichireva mutsauko kana kuburitsa mhedzisiro pamuviri. Vane-nyore-ku-kusarudza macherechedzo anotendera iwe kuti usarudze zvisina kujeka chikafu chinodiwa maererano nezviratidzo zvekushandisa, kurapa basa, calorie yemukati uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari zvinhu, hunhu hwekubika, chirongwa chekudya uye runyorwa rwezviyo zvinokurudzirwa. Kana iri imwe tsananguro, zvinodiwa zvinopihwa kune zvigadzirwa zvinotakura chaiwo mishonga yekurapa: cottage cheese, maapuro, watermelon, mukaka. Nezvirwere zvakawanda, kudyiwa kwezvikafu zvinonhuhwirira, chikafu chemumagaba, kuputa, chikafu chine mafuta, uye mamwe marudzi enyama kazhinji kacho kashoma.
Maitiro ekudya
- Nhanho nzira zvinoreva kuwedzera kunonoka kwekudya kwakapfuura kwakapfuura nekubvisa zvirango. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere zvakasiyana uye nekudzora zvakashata zvemunhu pane chikafu. Kudzora kunoitwa zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekukanganisa mamiriro ehupenyu.
- Zigzags, musiyano zvinoreva kuchinja kwechimbichimbi uye kwenguva pfupi mukudya. Masisitimu akadaro ndeemhando mbiri: + zigzags uye - zigzag, kuwedzera nekucheka zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvisingatakuri maitiro ekurapa mubasa ravo. Chimwe chikamu chezigzag chinosanganisira kuchinja kwekamwe kwekudya kwezuva 1 pavhiki, kana mazuva gumi. Iyi nzira inogona kuwedzera chido chemunhu uye kuderedza kushungurudzika pasina kuderedza kushanda kwekudya kwekurapa.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nzira dzakatsanangurwa dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete nematanho ekudzivirira uye ekurapa.
Nyaya dzakananga dzekudya kwekurapa
Munyaya yekurapa chirongwa chekudya, kudya ndiyo nzira huru yekuporesa muviri. Muzvirwere zvisingaperi zvemudumbu, nyaya huru mukudhirowa kwekudya ndeye zviri mukati mapuroteni, mafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi uye mamwe makemikari zvinhu muzvokudya (ona). Muzvirwere zvisingaperi zvechiropa, kudya kunorongedzerwa kugutsa muviri nemapuroteni nemafuta emiriwo (). Muchiitiko chezvirwere zvehutano hwemwoyo, kudya kwe potassium, magnesium uye mavitamini mumuviri kunowedzera. Mune rheumatism, kudya kwemakhahydrates nemunyu kunoderedzwa, zvinhu zvinokonzeresa hazvibatanidzwe. Muchirwere cheshuga mellitus, kudyiwa kwemakhahydrates ari nyore kunyungudika senge shuga uye glucose kunoderedzwa. Muchiitiko chezvirwere zvinotapukira, scarlet fever, kana pneumonia, zviri nyore kugaya uye yakakwirira-koriori zvokudya semukaka zvinowedzera, huwandu hwevhitamini hunowedzera uye kunwa kwemvura kunowedzera.
Chero zvazvingava, izvo zvisingadzivisiki zvekushandisa kurapa kwekudya kunounza manzwiro asingafadzi muhupenyu hwemunhu, uye pano, hongu, zvakakosha kubhadhara zvakanyanya kudzikisa kushushikana zvinhu uye kugadzira manzwiro ekuderera kusingadzore pesvedzero pane yakajairika yemunhu. kudya. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kudya kwemishonga kunoonekwa nemunhu sechinhu chinodiwa chakaoma, uye mupfungwa iyi zvakakosha zvikuru kusarudza kudya kunogamuchirwa kune munhu anorwara. Kusiyana-siyana mundiro, dzimwe nzira mukusarudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvichabatsira kuwana kwete chete maitiro ekuporesa, asiwo kuderedza manzwiro ekudya kwekudya.