Okra

Okra, kana muchiLatin - chinodyiwa hibiscus (Hibiscus esculentus), mamwe mazita eokra, gombo kana minwe yemadzimai imiriwo yegore kubva kumhuri yakashata. Icho chirimwa chine mwaka wakareba kwazvo wekukura. Kureba kunosiyana zvichienderana nezvakasiyana kubva pamasentimita makumi maviri (madiki mhando) kusvika 20 m (kureba).

Chirimwa chine gobvu rakakwirira rine huni pasi, iyo yakafukidzwa nevhudzi rakaomarara. Mashizha acho akakura, akareba-petiolate, akareruka kana akasvibira girini, pane hombe, aine mashanu kusvika manomwe manomwe, senge stem, pubescent. Maruva, ayo akafanana neakajairwa gadheni mallow, haana kuroorwa, akakura, anoita bisexual, yero-kirimu muvara, iri mumashizha axils pane mapfupi epubelcent pedicels. Michero yeOkra maboll-akafanana neminwe, kubva pamatanhatu kusvika makumi matatu pakureba. Vechidiki chete (6-30 mazuva akura) mazai egirini anodyiwa, michero yakawedzera yakasviba yakasviba haina kana chinonaka. Michero yeOkra inodyiwa zvese nyowani (inoiswa mumasadhi), uye yakabikwa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa. Uye zvakare, ivo vakaomeswa, vakagwamba nechando.

Michero isina kuibva yeokra pamwe chete nembeu inoiswa seyakaiswa mumuto uye sauces, izvo zvinobva pane izvi zvinowana kuravira kwakanaka uye kusachinja-chinja. Mbeu isina kuibva - yakatenderera, yakasvibira yakasvibira kana maorivhi, inogona kutsiva pizi dzakasvibirira, uye mhodzi dzakakura uye dzakakangwa dzinoshandiswa kugadzira gombo kofi.

Iko kune akatiwandei akasiyana marudzi eokra uye anosiyana zvakanyanya mutsika, nguva dzekuibva, chimiro uye saizi yemichero. Semuenzaniso, muRejista yeHurumende unogona kuwana mhando dzinotevera: White Cylindrical, White Velvet, Green Velvet, Dwarf Greens, Ladies Finger (nenzira, kushandurwa kwezita reChirungu rechirimwa kunorira kudaro), Juno. Asi kwemazana emakore akawanda, okra yaive zvakare chirimwa chekurapa.

Nhoroondo yetsika

Tropical Africa inoonekwa senyika yekuma okra; munzvimbo yemusango, ichiri kuchengetedzwa muNubia mudunhu reBlue Nile. Archaeologists uye paleobotanists vakawana zvisaririra zvemuti uyu munzvimbo yenzvimbo dzevanhu panguva yeNeolithic. KuSudan, chirimwa ichi chakarimwa kweanenge zviuru zvitanhatu zvemakore. Kwezviuru zvemakore, munyika yokumusha kwavo, okra yave ichishandiswa sechikafu kwete chete michero midiki yatiri kujaira, asiwo mashizha. Yakasimba fiber yakawanikwa kubva pamatemu ekugadzira tambo nemasaga. Mbeu dzakaibva muArab East dzakashandiswa, dzakatogocha senzvimbo yekofi. Dzimwe nguva hupfu hwembeu hwaiwedzerwa nemaune kukofi kuti inyorove kuravira uye nekupa hwema hwemusky. Kazhinji, zita rechiLatin rechirimwa, Abelmoschus, rinobva kuArabb-al-misk yechiArabic, zvinoreva kuti "mwanakomana wemusk." Musk airemekedzwa kwazvo muEast uye zvese zvaiyeuchidza nezvazvo zvaibatwa nekuremekedza kukuru. Dzimwe nguva mbeu dzakagocherwa dzakawedzerwa pakuita sorbet (sherbet). Pamusoro pezvo, mbeu dzakura dzinosvika 25% yemafuta ane mafuta, ayo ave achishandiswa sekudya kana pakuzadza marambi emafuta.

Munguva yekukunda kwevaArabhu, okra inouya kuSpain, uko yakanyatso sanganisira chikafu cheSpanish, uye ichibva ipapo inotanga kufamba kuburikidza neEurope, kunyanya yekumaodzanyemba. Iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo munyika dzinoverengeka dzeSouthern Europe (Bulgaria, Greece), America, Africa neAsia. Okra yakadyarwa muIndia panguva yekutanga Neolithic. Vanochera matongo vakaona nharaunda dzekutengesa pakati peyakatangira tsika yeAryan nevanhu veEast Africa. MuIndia chikafu, okra inoshandiswa kugadzira chutneys uye, nekuda kwekutsiga kwayo kusimba, kuita muto. Nenzira, kusvikira nhasi, India inobata zvinyorwa zvekugadzirwa kwe okra - matani 5,784,000 XNUMX XNUMX, iri kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzese dzakabatana.

Okra akauya kukondinendi yeAmerica kare kare. Zvinotendwa kuti iye akabva nevaranda vatema vekutanga vanobva kuAfrica, avo vakashandisa okra semushonga wemashiripiti wechitendero cheVoodoo. Uye ipapo chirimwa chakagamuchirwa nechido nevanhu vemo. Semuenzaniso, kutaridzika kwayo muchikafu cheBrazil kwakatangira pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi17, uye kupararira kwayo muNorth America - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi13. Muazvino United States, inozivikanwa kunyanya kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba, uye inosanganisirwa neCreole neAfrican American chikafu. MuRussia, chirimwa ichi chinorimwa chete paminda midiki muKrasnodar neStavropol Territories.

Kukura, kubereka, kutarisira

Okra chirimwa chinonzi thermophilic, asi mudunhu medu chinogona zvakare kurimwa zvinobudirira kuburikidza nembesa, uye muenzaniso wekubata rori rakabudirira kudaro kwaive kukohwa kweokra munzvimbo yeMelekhovo pasi peAP Chekhov. Mbeu dzeOkra dzinomera zvishoma nezvishoma - 2-3 mavhiki. Asati adyara, akanyoroveswa mumvura inodziya kwezuva. Zvirinani kudyara mumapeat pot kana makaseti, sezvo tsika iyi isingashiviriri kupinza zvakanaka. Okra ine isina kusimba matavi taproot uye kana zvirimwa zvikasimwa zvisina ivhu revhu, zvirinani vanorwara kwenguva yakareba, uye pakaipa vanongofa. Iyo yakakwana tembiricha yekukura mbesa iri + 22 + 24 ° C. Zvirimwa zvinodyarwa muvhu rakavhurika muvhu rakadziya kwazvo mushure mekunge njodzi yechando yechando yapfuura; mudunhu reMoscow ndiko kutanga kwaJune kana kumberi, asi nekwaniso pekugara. Okra inosarudza nzvimbo dzine zuva uye ivhu rakaorera rakaorera. Usati wadyara, unofanirwa kuwedzera superphosphate - senge chero chirimwa chinokohwa michero, okra inoda kuwedzerwa kuyerwa kwechinhu ichi. Kumhara chirongwa 60 × 30 cm.

Kuchengeta - kusunungura ivhu, weeding uye kudiridza. Iyo tsika isinganetse kusanaya kwemvura, asi mune yakaoma mamiriro ekunze uye panguva yemichero inoda kugara uchidiridza uye kwakawandisa. Inotumbuka ingangoita mwedzi miviri mushure mekumera. 2-4 mazuva mushure meruva rakasvava, muchero unoumbwa, unofanirwa kuunganidzwa. Michero yechinyakare yakaoma uye isinganakidze. Kuchenesa mazuva ese e5-3 kunoenderera kusvika chando, ndiko kuti, kusvika pakufa kwemuti. Sezvambotaurwa, okra zvirimwa zvakavharwa neyakawandisa pubescence, uye vamwe vanhu vanosangana nevhudzi vanokonzeresa kurwara uye kuvaviwa.

Okra zvipembenene nezvirwere

Kufanana nemiti mizhinji yemiriwo, okra inogona kutambudzwa nezvirwere nezvipembenene. Powdery mildew inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru. Inotaridza seyakakura chena maruva pamativi ese eshizha uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuti. Iyo inokonzera chirwere chechirwere hibernates pamarara marara. Kuti tidzivise kupararira, masara emiti anobviswa nekukurumidza uye masora anobviswa zvakatenderedza greenhouse, inova yekutanga kukanganiswa nehupfu uye inotakura chirwere ichi: plantain, comfrey, kudyara rukato.

Brown banga rinokanganisa chirimwa pakukwirira mwando mune magirinhi uye hotbeds. Padivi rekumusoro remashizha ezvirimwa, mavara etsvuku anoonekwa, pazasi - maruva pakutanga kwechiedza, kozoti brown brown. Nekukuvara kwakakomba, mashizha anotsvuka uye kuoma. Iyo inokonzera chirwere chechirwere hibernates pamarara marara.

Thrips tupukanana tudiki tunopararira kunyanya muzvitoro. Nekuda kwekubereka kwavo, thrips dzinogona kukuvadza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirimwa munguva pfupi. Makachena machena-yero anoonekwa pamashizha kubva pazvibhakera zvavo, mashizha, nekukuvara kwakanyanya, anoshanduka kuita brown uye kuoma.

Kana thrips ichionekwa, infusions uye decoctions emushonga wezvipembenene zvinorwadza mhiripiri (50 g / l), gavakava (100 g / l) zvinoshandiswa, sechimwe chisarudzo chisingaenzaniswi - peels yeorenji, tangerine, ndimu (100 g / l). Kuti ubatanidzwe zvirinani, 20-40 g yesipo yekuwachisa pa10 litita inowedzerwa kumhinduro usati wamwaya.

Iyo kabichi scoop, iyo mhashu iyo inoonekwa pakati nepakati kana kupera kwaMay, inoshamisa zvisingaenzaniswi. Vanodya anenge mashizha ese, vachisiya chete tsinga. Nenhamba shoma, makonye anokohwewa nemaoko, uye nenhamba yakakura kwazvo - kupfapfaidza negadziriro yehupenyu: bitoxibacillin kana lepidocide (40-50 g pa10 l yemvura).

Mumakore akanyorova, slugs inogona kurwisa okra, iyo yavanorwa nayo muchinyakare uye nenzira dzese dzinobvira: vanobvisa masora, vanyatso kusunungura ivhu, vanoronga zviteyeso pasi pekuvanda slugs, kumwaya matunduru nedota, lime kana superphosphate, uye zvakare kuisa doro mumatareyi ayo iwo pamwe chete anotsvedza.

Uye mubvunzo unomuka - ndeapi matanho ese aya? Kune mamwe mashoma chaiwo, miriwo isinganyanyi kukosha?

Inobatsira uye yekurapa zvimiro zveokra

Michero yeOkra yakafuma mune mamineral salts, organic acids, mavitamini C, E (0.8 mg /%), K (122 μg), boka B (B1 - 0.3 mg /%, B2 - 0.3 mg /%, B3 (niacin) - 2.0 mg /%, B6 0.1 mg /%). Mbeu idzi dzakapfuma mumapuroteni seya soya.

Muchero weOkra une makabhohaidhiretsi, kunyanya fiber uye pectin. Kana iyo yekutanga ichinyanya kukosha kugaya uye kujairika mashandiro ematumbo, saka chiitiko chepectin chakanyanya kuwanda uye chinonakidza. Zvirimwa zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwepectin zvine mukana wekubvisa mhando dzese dzehupfu uye kunyange radionucleides kubva mumuviri. Pectins ine yakanaka yekurova zvivakwa uye "kuunganidza", senge yekutsvaira, ichipfuura nemudumbu remudumbu, zvese zvisina basa. Uye izvi zvese zvakabviswa zvakachengeteka kubva mumuviri. Izvo zvakacherechedzwa kuti kugara uchidya okra ndiro kunobatsira kugadzirisa matumbu mashandiro uye kubvisa matambudziko akadai sekuzvimba, kuzvimbirwa, uye nekudaro, kudzivirira kusangana kwakadhakwa kwemuviri. Mune zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano, zvinoonekwa kuti kugara uchidya okra kunobatsira kugadzirisa cholesterol, iyo, zvakare, inoshanda sekudzivirira kwezvirwere zvemoyo. Uye zvakare, parizvino inofungidzirwa kuti kubviswa kwakakodzera kwemuchetura kubva mumuviri ndiko kudzivirira kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvisingaperi, uye dzimwe nguva oncology, kunyanya yemukati. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti okra inogona kushandiswa kunatsiridza kugona kwekurapa chirwere cheshuga, mabayo, arthritis, asthma, nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. Uye zvakare, nekuda kweiyi yekuchenesa mhedzisiro, zvinobatsira kuiisa mukudya kwekusingaperi kuneta, mushure kana panguva yekumwa yakawanda mishonga, uye nekuvandudza toni yemuviri.

Nekuda kwezviri mukati mawo ese akafanana mapectin uye mamasi, okra yakanaka inorwisa-kupisa uye yekumhara mumiririri. Okra yakabikwa inogona kushandiswa sechikafu chegastritis, colitis. Zvakare, nekuda kwekuputira uye emollient zvivakwa, decoction kana michero yakabikwa yeokra inoshandiswa kutonhora. Kuti uite izvi, gadzirira decoction yemichero, uchiibikira iwo kuenderana kwejelly. Uyu muto unofanirwa kushandiswa kupwanya nehuro huro kana kutorwa mukati (kutapira zvishoma sezvaunoda) bronchitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis.

Uye zvakare, okra ine organic acids, vhitamini C, zvicherwa, mavitamini B uye folic acid, izvo zvakakosha pamabasa mazhinji emuviri.

Asi pane mashoma macalorie mumuriwo uyu. Kuve chigadzirwa chekudya, okra chinhu chakanakisa chikamu cheakaderera-koriori chikafu uye inogona kushandiswa kune kuwandisa uye chirwere cheshuga.

Muriwo uyu unofungidzirwa kuti unobatsira kune avo vanotambura nemamiriro eziso akasiyana uye avo vari panjodzi huru yekuva nemaziso.

Okra yakakangwa nemadomasi

Zvisungo zveresipi:

• 4 tbsp. okra (okra),
• akachekwa nehafu 450 gr. madiki-michero madomasi (senge Cherry, San Marzano),
• cheka muhafu mana clove egariki, pwanya 4 tbsp. l.
• mafuta omuorivhi
• 1 hanyanisi hanyanisi,
• cheka mu wedges Munyu uye mhiri mhiripiri
• Kamuapuro cider vhiniga inosasa

Recipe kugadzirira: Fry iyo garlic mumafuta emuorivhi mune skillet pasi pechivharo patembiricha tembiricha kusvika yegoridhe brown. Wedzera okra neonion, mwaka nemunyu uye mhiripiri uye furaya kusvikira nyoro, maminitsi gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri. Mutsa mumadomasi, bika kwemaminetsi matatu. Wobva wawedzera imwe apple cider vhiniga.