Nzungu - Tsananguro yenzungu. Hutano hunobatsira uye zvinokuvadza

Tsanangudzo yeNzungu

Nzungu chirimwa chinopfupika chegorebheous chemhuri yemarume, chiri kukura munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya. Ruva renzungu pane refu peduncle rinobuda kubva kune axil iri pamashizha petiole base yakasungirirwa padanda. Iyo yero nzungu ruva rinongotumbuka kwezuva rimwe chete.

Mushure mekupora, ovary inogadzirwa, uye iyo refu peduncle inotanga kudzika zvishoma nezvishoma pasi. Iyo ovary yemuchero wemunguva yemberi inosvika muvhu uye inozviviga yega muvhu. Ikoko, nzungu dzinoibva.

Nzungu dzinewo mamwe maruva - pasi pevhu, diki, pamusoro pemudzi mukuru. Kuzvisarudzira zvakare kunoitika pasi pevhu. Groundnut pods zvakare inokura kubva pasi pevhu maruva pakadzika kwe10-20 cm. Ivo vakafanana neakakora-ane rusvingo pea pods, yakajeka brown muvara. Mukati mune tsanga dzinoverengeka dzeyero dzakaputirwa neganda dzvuku kana pingi.

Arу ivo nzungu?

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti, muchokwadi, nzungu hadzisi nzungu asi nyemba, asi vezvehutano vanowanzobatanidza idzi pfungwa nekuda kwehutano hwakafanana hunhu. Mumwe munhu anonyunyuta nezve nzungu kukanganiswa. Mumwe munhu anoti kugara uchidya nzungu kana nzungu ruomba kunogumisa njodzi yekurwadziwa nemoyo uye zvinoita kuti zviomere shanduko yefibrotic kutungamira kugomarara.

Kuumbwa uye koriori zvemukati nzungu

Nzungu dzakapfuma muvhitamini nemaminerari senge: vhitamini B1 - 49.3%, vhitamini B5 - 35.3%, vhitamini B6 - 17.4%, vhitamini B9 - 60%, vhitamini E - 67.3%, vhitamini H - 35%, vhitamini PP - 94.5 %, potasium - 26.3%, silicon - 266.7%, magnesium - 45.5%, phosphorus - 43.8%, iron - 27.8%, cobalt - 67, 5%, manganese - 96.7%, mhangura - 114.4%, molybdenum - 16.6%, selenium - 13.1%, chromium - 19.4%, zinc - 27.3%

Nzungu dzakakwira macalorie (550 kcal pa100 g), asi nzungu dzinogona kumhanyisa metabolism, uye muviri haukwanise kunyatsozvinyudza, saka nzungu shoma dzinowedzerwa pakudya hadzingakuvadze chiuno.

• Mapuroteni 26 g
• Mafuta 52 g
• Carbohydrate 13.4 g

Kushandiswa kwenzungu

Chikafu chakareruka uye chinonaka chenzungu (chingori ruoko pazuva) chinogona kuwedzera hupenyu nemakore maviri akazara!

Nzungu pachezvadzo dzakanaka sechikafu. Yakamisirwa-yakabikwa nemunyu kana chili, inenge inowanzooneka pamatafura emabhawa uye pamberi pema pub. Zvese zviri pachena apa: munyu unodenha chishuwo chekunwa zvakanyanya, uye nechikafu chakadai chemahara, iwe unodha zvimwe zvinwiwa kupfuura zvaunotarisira.

KuIndia nzungu dzakakangwa kuchamhembe dzobikwa kumaodzanyemba. Inobikwa nemusanganiswa weSichuan zvinonhuwira muChina, uye muUnited States, nzungu dzakabikwa chikafu chinofarirwa munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba. Pano, nzungu dzinozivikanwa kugadzira peanut paste uye nzungu ruomba, pasina iyo pasina kudya kwekuseni.

MuIndonesia, masaradhi echinyakare akarungwa nemuto wenzungu; kutaura nezve Mali neZambia, miriwo nehuku yakakangwa yakarungwa nenzungu bhinzi yakasangana nehanyanisi negariki; muchiri muMauritius, itsika yekupenda nzungu dzakakangwa pingi sechiratidzo chekugara zvakanaka; muMali, inowedzerwa kune tsuro yakabikwa.

MuVietnam, nzungu dzakakangwa dzakashumwa dzinowanzo shumirwa nesobho. Pasi rese, nzungu dzinozivikanwa pakugadzira madhiri uye sauces, kwavanopa hwema hwadzo uye kuravira kunozivikanwa.

Nzira yekusarudza nekuchengetedza

Kusarudza nzungu dzakakodzera kwakakosha kuti unakirwe nekunakirwa kwavo uye uwane zvakanakisa kubva mukushandisa kwavo. Saka, nhasi, nzungu dzinowanzo kuve mumasaga.

Tenga nzungu munzvimbo nekukurumidza assortment yekuvandudza; mune ino kesi, iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi nezve chitsva chechigadzirwa. Zvakakosha, zvisinei nekuti unotenga nzungu nekuyera kana mumapaketi, kuitira kuti hunyoro huve pasi uye kuti pasave nemarara uye zvipembenene munzungu.

Kana uchitenga nzungu dzakazara mugoko, tora nzungu iri muruoko rwako, inofanira kunge ichirema uye kugwinha kana ichizunzwa. Tarisa peel, inofanirwa kuve isina kugadzikana kana kukuvara.

Chengeta nzungu mumudziyo wakavharidzirwa mufiriji kana mufiriji, sezvo kupisa nechiedza zvichizobatsira kuita kuti nzungu dziwande. Mufiriji, nzungu dzinochengetedza kugona kwavo kwevatengi kwemwedzi mitatu, uye mufiriji kwemwedzi mitanhatu.

Nzungu dzakapwanywa dzakanyanya kunaka kushandisa ipapo. Kana nzungu dziri mumatehwe, dziise muhomwe kana mugaba munzvimbo inotonhorera kana mufiriji. Mune ino mamiriro, pasherufu hupenyu i9 mwedzi.

Zvakanakira Nzungu

Nzungu dzinobatsira dzakakura muvhithamini nemamineral. Iwo akanakisa echisikigo antioxidant. Zviri nani kuishandisa seprophylaxis yezvinetso nemoyo nemidziyo yeropa. Nekushandisa nguva dzose, njodzi yemamota inoderera, uye nzungu dzine anti-kukwegura mhedzisiro.

Vanachiremba vanokurudzira kushandisa nzungu dzevanhu vane gastritis, maronda, pamwe nezvinetso zvakasiyana siyana nehurongwa hwemitsipa. Nekushandisa nguva dzose, unogona kusimbisa zvakanyanya immune immune, kuvandudza kunzwa, ndangariro uye kutarisisa.

Kuumbwa kwenzungu kune fiber yakawanda, iyo inobvisa chepfu kubva mumatumbu, izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa chiitiko chegadziriro yekugaya seyakazara.

Iyo simbi yezvinhu inovandudza maitiro ehematopoiesis uye kuumbwa kweropa. Kuumbwa kwenzungu kunosanganisira potasium, iyo inobatsira pabasa remoyo, uye magnesium, chicherwa chakakosha pabasa remhasuru yemoyo. Muhuwandu hwakawanda, nzungu dzine phosphorus uye calcium - zvicherwa zvinovandudza mamiriro emapfupa emapfupa.

Nzungu dzine choleretic athari, izvo zvinobatsira kune avo vanotambura nemaronda, gastritis, uye hematopoiesis matambudziko. Zvakare, kune folic acid mumiti, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune vakadzi vane nhumbu, uye zvakare inomutsa maitiro ekuvandudzwa kwesero.

Nechirwere cheshuga mellitus

Kune chirwere cheshuga mellitus, kudya nzungu kunopa zvakaringana mabhenefiti. Izvo zvinhu zviri muchigadzirwa zvinokwanisa kupora cholesterol plaques uye nekukurumidza metabolism. Pari zvino ndipo paunofanirwa kufunga kuti chigadzirwa chinofanirwa kurapwa kurapwa uye hachina zvinhu zvekunze, semuenzaniso, shuga kana munyu?

Nzungu dzisina kukangwa dzinobatsirawo kune vane chirwere cheshuga, asi munhu anofanirwa kufunga kuti chigadzirwa chakadaro chinotora nguva yakareba kugaya uye hachina kuzadza. Unoda kudya nzungu dzakawanda, asi hazvizoiti zvakanaka. Mushure mekushandisa zvakanyanya kunozoteedzera huremu, izvo zvinouya zviri nyore muvanhu vanotambura nechirwere ichi chinonyengera nekuda kwekukanganisa metabolism.

Kana uchidya kuti uremu

Kana iwe ukatevera chikafu chekudzora uremu, iko kushandisa nzungu hakusi kusingafungidzike. Chete nzira yekudya kunovaka muviri inopesana zvakanyanya neiyo yakatsanangurwa pamusoro.

Nzungu dzekuderedza uremu dzakanaka kuzadza muviri nezvinhu zvinobatsira uye kudzikamisa kunzwa kwenzara kwenguva yakareba kwazvo. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva chiyero chete mune iyi nyaya: zvakanakisa kushandisa kwete anopfuura gumi neshanu ezviyo mbishi pazuva, ayo anenge makumi mashanu magiramu enzungu. Panyaya yekukosha kwehutano, nzungu dzinofananidzwa nenyama, saka zviri nani kuidya mangwanani.

Ikoriori yezviri muchigadzirwa yakanyanyisa kukwirira, uye kuzadza kwayo nemaminerari akasiyana siyana nemafuta. Izvi zvinobatsira zvinonyangarika panguva yekugocha, saka zviri nani kushandisa tsanga tsvuku. Chigadzirwa chinobatsira chinogona kunge chakanakisa sechinhu chakazvimiririra uye chekugadzirira masaladi, pamwe nekuwedzera kune muesli kana porridge.

Nzungu dzehutano hwevakadzi

Nzungu dzinobatsira zvikuru pahutano hwevakadzi. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, yakapfuma mumafuta uye faibha, iyo, kana ichidyiwa, inobatsira pamaganda nemamiriro ebvudzi uye inobatsira kubvisa kuuraya dumbu remudumbu zviri nyore sezvinobvira. Kunyangwe zvisiri kugara uchidya nzungu zvakanaka. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa zvakanyanya mune iyi nyaya kunguva dzakadai dzehupenyu hwemukadzi sekutakura nekuyamwisa mwana. Izvi tichakurukura mberi.

Panguva yekuzvitakura

Pamuviri, semuenzaniso, kudya nzungu hakudi. Nharo yekutanga inotsigira chirevo ichi ndeinotevera: chikafu chinorema, senge tsanga dzenzungu, inokanganisa mamiriro ehurongwa hwekudya hwamai vari kutarisira, izvo zvinokonzeresa kurutsa uye kugaya.

Imwe nharo iyo isingazove inofarira kudya nzungu panguva yekuzvitakura ndiyo yakanyanya kukwirira yeerucic acid muchigadzirwa, iyo inogona kuwedzera matauriro echibereko uye kutungamira kune isingadiwe mhedzisiro, kusvika kuchipatara.

Nharo yekupedzisira yekurwisa kudya nzungu mumadzimai akazvitakura ndiyo mikana yekusvibiswa nezvirwere kubva pakudya nzungu nzungu dzenzungu.

Pakunwisa

Kudya nzungu hakudiwe kana uchiyamwisa. Peanut kernels chigadzirwa chakanyatso kurongeka; uyezve, mukuita kwekurapwa kwemaindasitiri, vanogona kuita nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa dzinokanganisa hunhu hwemukaka waamai.

Haisi chakavanzika kuti vagadziri vanowanzovanza zviyo zvave zvakaumbwa sechigadzirwa chemhando nekugocha. Tembiricha uye zvinochengetedza uye zvinonhuhwirira, uye zvinonakisa zvinonhuhwirira zvinogona kuuraya zvachose kunhuwa uye kuravira kwefungus. Zvakadaro, hazvibviri kubvisa tsvina kubva munzungu nenzira idzi. Naizvozvo, munguva dzakanyanya kukosha dzehupenyu hwevakadzi, kushandiswa kwenzungu hakuna kufanira.

Kune vakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu

Nekuda kwekuti nzungu dzinobatsira muviri wemukadzi kudzikamisa hormonal background, inokurudzirwa panguva yekuenda kumwedzi. Chigadzirwa chacho chinofambisa kuratidzwa kwayo, kunonatsiridza kugara zvakanaka.Nzungu dzinobatsira kubvisa kushushikana kwetsinga, kubvisa kutsamwa, kushaya hope uye kusaitira hanya, kunobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwemuviri padanho remasero uye kuchengetedza pwere.

Zvakanakira nzungu varume

Zvakanakira kudya nzungu mukudya kwevarume zvinokonzerwa nekuvapo kwechinhu chakakosha senge biotin mune nuclei. Ichi chinhu chinobatsira kurwisa dambudziko rekurasikirwa nevhudzi. Yayo chiito aimes kunyanya pakugadzirisa mahormone mazinga.

Nekudya nzungu dzakakangwa nzungu, varume vanogona kudzivirira zvirwere zvinoputika zvema genitourinary system, senge prostate adenoma, uye zvakare inoderedza njodzi yekushaya mbereko kana kuderera kwesimba. Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzekushandisa chigadzirwa kuti uwane mhedzisiro yaunoda kutora mukaka wenguva refu wezvekudya zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvine kapu imwe chete yenzungu dzenzungu dzakapwanywa dzakasanganiswa netepuni imwe yeuchi hweuchi.

Kune varume vanoita basa rakaoma rekuita kana kutamba mitambo, kushandiswa kwenzungu kunounzawo mabhenefiti akakosha, nekuti shoma shoma yechigadzirwa inogona kubatsira kudzoreredza simba uye kugadzirisa mamiriro akawandisa emuviri mune maminetsi.

Mushure mekudzidziswa kwesimba munzvimbo yekurovedza muviri, nzungu shoma nehafu yebhanana zvinokubatsira kudzosera mhasuru kuitisa. Ndokutenda kune izvi kuti hauzonzwa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya zuva rinotevera.

Mazuva ese tsika yenzungu

Iko kunwa kwezuva nezuva kwenzungu kune wega munhu wega wega. Zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu (hutano huzhinji, kuvapo kwezvirwere zvisingaperi, chiyero chemetabolism mumuviri, nezvimwewo). Zvakadaro, kunyanya vezvehutano vanokurudzira kudya asingasviki magiramu makumi mashanu evakadzi uye anenge magiramu makumi manomwe neshanu enzungu.

Nekudaro, isu tinofanirwa kucherechedza kuti iwe unofanirwa kushandisa icho chigadzirwa muhuwandu hwakadai nguva nenguva. Kakawanda kushandiswa kwenzungu kunogona kukanganisa kugaya uye kukonzeresa kurwara kuchigadzirwa ichi. Uye kupfuura zvese, kana ukasadya nzungu idzi kugutsa nzara sechikafu chakazvimiririra.

Ingani nzungu dzaungadya pazuva

- Nekushandisa nguva dzose, vanhu vakuru havafaniri kudya zvinopfuura magiramu makumi maviri pazuva, vana vari pasi pemakore gumi vanofanira kunyanya kupiwa kwete kupfuura 20-10 nzungu pazuva, vechidiki - kwete kupfuura 4, - chiremba akatsanangura.

Nzungu – Kubika kushandisa

Nzungu dzakakurumbira mukubika, kunyanya muAsia chikafu. Nzungu dzakatemwa chikamu chemuto, masaladhi, tudyo, nemuriwo uye nyama ndiro. Nzungu dzakakurumbira mumakonduru, sezvo ari mamwe mabikirwo emakeke, mabhanzi, chokoreti, mapasta, nezvimwewo nzungu dzakakangwa uye dzakarungwa munyu dzinozivikanwa zvikuru sechikafu chakazvimiririra icho vanhu vanofarira kudya nedoro - zvakare, bota, mukaka, uye akasiyana siyana.

Ndeipi nzira yakanakisa yekudya nzungu?

Ndeipi nzira yakanyanya kunaka yekudya nzungu? Iwe haugone kudya kunonamira pane isina chinhu mudumbu uye panzvimbo pekudya?. Mhinduro ndeiyi: iwe unofanirwa kudya nzungu sechikamu chemidziyo mikuru uye zvihwitsi. Vafudzi vemazuva ano vanoshandisa chigadzirwa kugadzirira mabiko uye madhiri, senge:

Unogona kugadzira nzungu ruomba kubva munzungu, chinova chigadzirwa chakakosha kune avo vanoomerera kune anoshanda mararamiro kana vari nechinangwa kurwisa mamwe mapaundi. Iwe unodzidza mabikirwo echigadzirwa chakasarudzika kubva kune vhidhiyo dzidziso pazasi.

Kupfeka nzungu

Nzungu zvakare dzakanaka kugadzira mhando dzese dzekudya (uye kwete kudaro) masaradhi, pamwe nemasese akasiyana. Iwe unozodzidza nezve chimwe chigadzirwa chakadai pazasi. Izvo zvakanaka zvese pakupfekedza masaradhi uye nyama yekufambisa. Chakanakisa pane zvese ndechekutsvaira huku yechidiki yekumba nayo.
Kugadzirira, iwe unofanirwa kusanganisa:

• mapuniko maviri epeanut butter;
• mafuraji maviri evharisamu vhiniga;
• mavhavha maviri egariki;
• mafurawa matatu emafuta emuorivhi;
• mafurawa matatu emuto werimu;
• imwe punipuni yeDijon masitadhi;
• munyu wemunyu.

Iwe unofanirwa kupfekedza huku nechimiro ichi uye uchisiye ichinyura mufiriji husiku hwese. Mushure meizvozvo, unogona kubheka, yakabikwa, kana kungoita nyama yakakangwa mupani. Mupunga wakabikwa unogona kuve wakanaka padivi dhishi kune yakadaro dhishi.

Nzira yekukurumidza kuvhura uye kuchenesa nzungu?

Iwe unozodzidza maitiro ekukurumidza kuvhura uye kubvisa nzungu muchikamu chino chechinyorwa. Saka, ngatitangei nekuvhura, kana ndoda, kubvisa iyo peel. Hapana chakaoma mune izvi nekuti nzungu goko harikwani zvine mutsindo kuzviyo. Izvo zvakaringana kumanikidza iyo podhi neimwe nhamburiko - uye ichapunzika mumaoko ako.

Chasara kuburitsa zviyo. Kuchenesa huwandu hwakawanda hwenzungu, unogona kushandisa hunyengeri: paradzira nzungu panzvimbo yakati sandara, woisa bhodhi pamusoro. Wobva wanyora zvinyoro bhodhi pasi petafura. Iyo peel inotsemuka, uye iwe unogona nyore kubvisa nzungu.

Asi neiyo nucleoli ivo pachavo, yakafukidzwa neyakaonda uye ino svuura svuura, iwe uchafanirwa kunamira kwenguva yakati rebei. Vazhinji havatengi imwe bhajeti vhezheni yenzungu nekuti havadi kuibvarura kwenguva yakareba. Asi kune avo vanoziva zvakavanzika zvekuchenesa, iyo yekupedzisira harisi dambudziko. Isu tinezvakavanzika izvi uye tinogovana nazvo nemufaro.

Nzira yekutanga ine zviito zvinotevera zvinotevera:

• Fry peanut kernels mune imwechete yakateteka.
• Kuchengetedza nzungu pane tauro rekotoni.
• Unganidza micheto yetowel mufundo, uye zvinyoronyoro zunza "bhegi" nemaoko ako.
• Isa tauro patafura, nyatso kusunungura iro banga, uye sarudza nzungu dzakachena.

Dzokorora kuvhiya pamwe nenzungu dzakasara kubva padanho rechitatu.
Yechipiri nzira yekuchenesa yezviyo yakafanana neyekutanga, kunze kwekuti pachinzvimbo chehomwe yejira, shandisa mambure akanaka, umo miriwo inowanzotengeswa.

Nzira yechipiri yekuchenesa yakakodzera kana iwe uchida kuwana tsanga tsanga.

Pano mvura inodzika ichauya kununura! Ndivo ivo vanofanirwa kudurura sekuchengeta nzungu kwemaminetsi manomwe kusvika gumi. Mushure mekunge nguva yapfuura, unofanira kudhonza mvura, uye sukurudza nzungu pasi pemvura inotonhora inoyerera.

Iwe uchafanirwa kuomesa nzungu mushure. Mhinduro yakanakisa ndeyekushandisa mudziyo wekuomesa miriwo nemichero. Iyo yakazara nguva yekuomesa maawa matanhatu pa45 degrees Celsius.

Nzira yekutsvaira nzungu?

Nzira yekugocha nzungu zvakanaka? Muchokwadi, hapana dzakawanda nzira dzekugocha. Tichakurukura nezvavo pazasi.

Mune pani yekutsvaira - iri nyore uye inoita kunge inozivikanwa nzira. Pani yekutsvaira kwechinangwa chakadai inofanirwa kunge iri gobvu-rakakomberedzwa. Inofanirwa kushambidzwa zvakakwana, kupukutwa kuti iome, wozoiswa calcined nemunyu. Izvi zvinodzivirira nzungu kubva kunhuwirira husingafadzi. Iwe unofanirwa kukanga zviyo pamoto wakadzika uye wozvikurudzira nguva dzose. Ziva kuti chiitiko ichi chinoda moyo murefu uye kutarisisa!

Pane pepa rekubheka muchoto. Iyi nzira yakapusa pane iya yapfuura nekuti wese mushanyi anofanirwa kuita kudurura nzungu dzakachekwa mubheka rakabikwa nematehwe uye wozoisa jira muhovhoni inopisa kusvika pamadhigirii zana neshanu. Mushure memaminetsi manomwe kana gumi kubva pakukangwa kwezviyo, bvisa nzungu dziri patafura uye utonhorere mumucheka wakagadzirwa neshinda dzepanyama.

Kukuvadza kwenzungu uye zvinopesana

Nzungu inogona kukuvadza kune vanhu vane kusawirirana kwega kune zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa. Kazhinji, nzungu iyi ine allergen ine simba, saka tanga kuidya nemari shoma.

Nzungu hadzina kunaka kuvanhu vane gout uye arthrosis. Kudya huwandu hwakawanda hwenzungu kunogona kutungamira mukugumbuka kwekugaya.

Izvo zvakafanira kufunga nezve yakakwira macalorie zvemukati zvechigadzirwa, zvakakodzera kudzikisira huwandu hwenzvimbo kana kufutisa, pamwe neavo vanoongorora huremu hwavo kana vari pachikafu.

Mhando dzenzungu

Iko kune chaiko kusiana kukuru kwemhando yenzungu. Izvo hazvina kukodzera kuzvinyora zvese, saka isu ticha tarisa pamhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa nzungu. Kune mana chete acho, uye kududzwa kwemazita avo kunogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nedunhu.

• Valencia (Tsvuku Tsvuku) - ine tsanga dzakaenzana nepakati, idzo dzakavharwa kunze nehombodo tsvuku, uye inozivikanwawo nekuravira kwayo kwakanaka. Podhi imwe ine zviyo zvitatu.
• Virginia - ine tsanga dzakakura, ine hunyoro hunyoro, uye yakanakisa kuravira.
• ChiSpanish (Java) - nzungu dzemhando dzakasiyana, asi kazhinji kazhinji diki. Ndiwo uyu musiyano unoshandiswa nemakeke kugadzirira zvinonaka zvakasiyana, senge, semuenzaniso, nzungu muchokoreti, nzungu mushuga, uye mamwe madhiri anodhonzwa. Nzungu dzakarungwa, nenzira, zvakare dzinowanzo kuve dzinobva pazviyo zvemhando iyi.
• Mumhanyi ihybrid yemhando mbiri dziri pamusoro dzemiti - Virginia neJava. Yakatora hunhu hwakanakisa hwese husairi uye saizi uye yakagashira kurwisa kuzvirwere zvakawanda zvinodyiwa nenzungu panguva yekurima. Tsanga dzemhando dzakasiyana idzi dzakareba.

Mhando huru dzenzungu, dzakatemerwa mamiriro ekunze, dzinoonekwa seValencia, Klinskaya, Krasnodarets uye Stepnyak. Ndivo avo vari vashoma whimsical kune mamiriro uye vasinganyanyo kubatwa nezvirwere zvakaita se powdery mildew uye phyllostictosis.

Nzira yekumesa nzungu kumba?

Mubvunzo unowanzo rira kubva kune vazhinji vanoziva varimi veminda vanozadzwa nepfungwa yekudyara nzungu pane yavo saiti. Muchokwadi, hapana chakaoma pamusoro peizvi, uye maitiro acho haana kumbosiyana nekumera bhinzi, nyemba, kana chero imwe bhinzi. Isu ticharondedzera nhanho nhanho maitiro ekuzviita nenzira kwayo.

1. Saka, nhanho yekutanga: sarudza iyo yakasimba uye yakakura mbeu yekumera. Sarudzo yakanakisa ichave nzungu kubva pane goho rapfuura, asi mbeu dzegore risati rapfuura dzinowanzo chengetedza kumera kwakanaka. Chimbofunga chimwe chiitiko chakakosha: nzungu hadzifanirwe kuve dzakasviba uye hadzifanirwe kunge dzichinhuwirira.
2. Nhanho yechipiri inosanganisira kunyorova mbeu mune isina kusimba mhinduro ye potassium permanganate. Mbeu inobata nguva maminetsi gumi nemashanu.
3. Nhanho yechitatu - kushambidza mbeu pasi pekupfava kwemvura inotonhora.
4. Nhanho yechina - kunyura nzungu nzungu kuti dzimere. Nechinangwa ichi, shandisa magirazi kana epurasitiki midziyo ine yakafara base. Isa mbeu dzenzungu dzakatota mumudziyo wozodira mvura inotonhorera pamusoro padzo kuti dzidzifukidze zvachose. Vhara mudziyo ne gauze uye rega mbeu igare kwevhiki. Pakati peino nguva, mhodzi dzakagwinya dzichakwenenzverwa nekuwedzera zvakanyanya muhukuru. Kuchave nehunyoro hwakaringana kune zvirimwa kusvika iwo maviri ekutanga mashizha epasi aumbika.

Kana iwe ukaona kuti mbeu dzakatora mvura yakawandisa panguva yekuzvimba uye ikava isina, saka nyatso wedzera chikamu chitsva chemvura.
5. Mushure mekunge mabukira aonekwa, inosara ichiita chikamu chakakosha chebasa - mabukira kuomesa. Iyi ichave iri yechishanu uye yekupedzisira nhanho mukumera kwembeu.

Sei?

Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa seinotevera: dhonza iyo yakawandisa mvura kubva mumudziyo nembeu, isa mbeu mune imwechete yakaturikidzana pane gauze nyorova, uye tora mbeu dziende mukamuri inotonhorera kwemazuva matatu. Zvakanaka kana chiri chepasi, asi iwe unogona kushandisa firiji kana iwe usina. Iyo nucleoli inonzwa kusununguka zvakanyanya pasherufu yepazasi yefriji kana muchikamu chekuchengetedza miriwo. Mushure memazuva matatu, sadzai mbeu pakushambidza kwemukati kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, uye mozodzidyara muvhu.

Kana nzungu dzenzungu dzikazvimba nekuomesa, iva nechokwadi chekugadzirira mubhedha wauchakurisa zvirimwa. Nekudaro, maitiro ekuita izvi nenzira kwayo uye kutarisira muti kuti uwane yakawanda uye yemhando yepamusoro kukohwa, iwe unozodzidza kubva kuchikamu chinotevera chechinyorwa.

Nzira yekukura zvakanaka mumunda?

Mubvunzo wakajairika uye unoda kutariswa kwevagari vemo yezhizha. Tichaedza kuudza zvizere sezvazvinogona nezve zvese zvakaomarara zvechidzidzo ichi.

Ngatitangei nekudzikira kudiki uye totaura nezvevhu. Nyika yekurima nzungu inofanira kusangana nemimwe miitiro.

Iyo tembiricha yemhepo pakudyara zvirimwa muvhu inofanirwa kunge yakatenderedza 20 degrees Celsius, uye iyo tembiricha yepasi panguva imwechete inofanira kuve ingangoita gumi nemashanu degrees Celsius. Iko kupisa kwepasi kwevhu kunodenha kuora kwemashizha nembeu, uye nekudaro hakuzove nemashizha.

Iko kurongeka kwehunhu hwepasi kwakakosha kwazvo kuwana mhedzisiro yaunoda. Ivhu rinofanira kunge rakasununguka uye rakasangana, uye mhinduro yakanakisa ingave ivhu dema kana ivhu rine pH isina kwazvakarerekera. Ramba uchifunga kuti nzungu dzinokura zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzenightshades (mbatatisi, bhero mhiripiri, uye matomatisi), zviyo, kana magaka zvakakura kare.

Kudyara

Kudyara nzungu kwakanakisa munzira mbiri: sikweya-nested kana yakafara-mutsara.

Muchiitiko chekutanga, chinhambwe pakati pezvirimwa chinofanira kunge chiri masendimita anosvika makumi matanhatu, mune yechipiri, uku kunofanirwa kuve nzvimbo yekusiyana kwemitsara, uye nhambwe iri pakati pezvirimwa haifanire kupfuura masendimita makumi maviri.

Iine nzira yakaturikidzana yekudyara, rimwe gomba rinogona kuva nembeu dzinosvika shanu pachinhambwe chemasentimita manomwe kubva kune imwe. Kana uchirima nzungu munzira yakatambanuka, isa zviyo zviviri mugomba.

Nzvimbo yekurima nzungu inofanirwa kuve lite uye, kana zvichibvira, ive pachikomo. Izvi zvinopa drainage uye kubvisa mvura yakamira iyo inotyisidzira kuora kwezvirimwa. Ndokusaka varimi vazhinji vachirima kurima nzungu mune inonzi "smart" kana, nemamwe mazwi, mibhedha mirefu.

Kuchengeta nzungu chiitiko chinoda kutariswa. Inowanikwa panguva yekudiridza panzvimbo iyi, kukwirisa uye kudyisa zvirimwa, pamwe nekuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvipuka zvinokanganisa.

Kudiridza

Kudiridza muti wacho kunofanira kuva kwakawanda, kuchiteverwa nekusunungura ivhu. Mvura inofanira kudziya uye kugadziriswa, haifanirwe kunge iine chlorine. Ndokusaka zvirimwa zvinoshandisa mvura kubva mumidziyo yakasiyana siyana kudiridza, kana kuti zvinodiridzwa chete nemvura yekumaindasitiri, isina kukodzera kunwa nekubika. Kudiridza zvirimwa zvakasimwa munzira yakatsemuka-nesting zvinofanirwa kunge zviri pamudzi, uye nenzira yekudyara yebandaneti, zadza maturu nemvura.

Zuva mushure mekudiridza, zvakakosha kuti usunungure ivhu. Munguva yekukura kwese nzungu, zvirimwa zvinoda kukwirwa. Kekutanga nguva yekuitisa kunoitwa kana zvirimwa zvasvika pakukwirira kwemasentimita makumi mashanu, yechipiri hilling iri mushure mekuonekwa kwemaruva ekutanga, uye ese anotevera anoitwa nguva nenguva kwemazuva manomwe.

Kudyisa

Kudyisa zvirimwa kwakafanana nedanho rekudyisa midzi yezvirimwa. Sarudzo yakanakisa ndeye fetiraiza yakaoma iyo ine huwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinovaka muviri. Kuti uwane goho rakanakisa, kudyara kudyara kwakanyanya kuita kanokwana kamwe chete pasvondo mbiri, uye ndoda mazuva ese gumi. Chaizvoizvo, ino nguva inoenderana zvachose nenguva:

• kuoneka kwemashizha ekutanga echokwadi;
• yakawanda maruva;
• ovary kuumbwa.

Ndinoda kucherechedza kuti kana uchironga mibhedha mumatsutso, zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirira mubhedha wekudyara nzungu pamberi: wedzera kompositi, humus, yakaoma mineral mineral, wozoifukidza yese nerima oilcloth kana agrofibre.

Kudzivirirwa kwenzungu kubva kuzvipukanana kunosanganisira kuita mamwe matanho. Kurwisana nemakonzo madiki uye bere bete. Makonzo anowanzoiswa muchetura nemabheti akasiyana siyana, kana zvivakwa zvakavakirwa kudzivirira kuti vasaswedere padyo nenzungu. Maitiro ekubata nebheya ndeyekugadzira misungo yakakosha yezvipembenene uye nekugara kwavo kubatwa nekuparadzwa kunotevera.

Mushure memwedzi mishanu nehafu kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu kubva pakutanga kwekuchera mbeu, unokwanisa kukohwa nzungu dzako. Kana zviitiko zvese zvakaitwa zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekurima, saka goho rinokufadza. Huwandu hwakawanda hwenzungu dzakaomeswa uye dzakachengetwa dzinokohwewa kubva paimwe mita mita inogona kusvika magiramu zana nemakumi mashanu.

Chokwadi chinonakidza nezve nzungu

Homeland yenzungu

Mune nhoroondo yezvekurima muNyika Yekare, nzungu dzinogona kuverengerwa zvirimwa zvitsva. Nyika yekwenzungu ndeyeSouth America - pamwe makomo eBolivia Andes. Zvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo zvinopa ruzivo rwekutanga nezve nzungu munzvimbo dzekuviga dzePeruvia dzeXII-XV mazana emakore.

Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti maIndia ePeruvia akarima nzungu inonzi ankhuk kunyangwe maEuropean asati asvika ipapo. Nekuwanikwa kweAmerica, nzungu dzakayambuka Pacific Ocean kuenda kuMoluccan nePhilippines Islands (pamwe nenzira yegungwa yakawanikwa naMagellan). Kubva ipapo kuenda kuIndia, Japan, China, Indochina uye kwakapararira kumaodzanyemba kweAsia.

Iyi tsika yakauya kuAfrica pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi16. panguva yekutaurirana kwakanaka pakati peBrazil nemahombekombe eWest Africa. Peanut beans dzakaunza ikoko zvikepe zveAmerica, uye pano chirimwa chakapararira nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya.

Europe

Nzungu dzakaunzwa kuEurope nevafambisi vechiPutukezi pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi16, asi kwete kubva kuAmerica kana kuIndia. Kubva kuChina.
Zviripachena, ndosaka nzungu dzave kunzi nzungu dzeChinese muEurope. Pane kondinendi yeEuropean, nzungu dzakazozivikanwa kunyanya muSpain. Kubva ipapo, yakapinda muFrance, uko tsika iyi yakatanga kuyedzwa mumunda we botanical muMontpellier.

Zvirimwa zenzungu muFrance zvakawana kukosha kwehupfumi pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19. Zvisinei, nzungu hadzina kuwana kumwe kusimudzira munyika ino sezvo bhinzi dzakatorwa kunze kwenyika (kunyanya kubva kuSenegal) dzaive dzakachipa. MuEurope, kunze kweSpain neFrance, nzungu dzairimwawo panguva dzakasiyana muItari, Balkan, uye zviwi zveMediterranean.

Zvigadzirwa zvenzungu

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti nzungu dzinongova nzungu dzine munyu dzehwahwa, ipapo iwe unozoshamiswa nehupamhi hwekushandisa kwavo. Nzungu ndeimwe yembeu dzakakosha dzemafuta, sezvo bhinzi riine mafuta anosvika 60% uye anopfuura 30% protein. Naizvozvo, zviitise mumafuta.

Cold pressing inoburitsa magiredhi epamusoro-soro emafuta anenge asina ruvara - chigadzirwa chekudya chakanakisa chisina hwema, nekunakirwa kwacho kunonaka semafuta emuorivhi. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirira mhando dzehove dzemumagaba, margarine, confectionery (chokoreti), uye zvigadzirwa zvekubika uye inoshandiswawo mupharmacology.

Mafuta enzungu

Iwo epasi mamakisi emafuta akanaka ekugadzira sipo, uye yemhando yepamusoro, unogona kuwana inonzi Marseilles sipo. Oiri yekeke uye chikafu chakanakisa chakakwenenzverwa chikafu cheprotein chinoshandiswa pakukodza huku uye mombe, kunyanya mhuka diki. Kufanana nehuswa hunobva pairi, misoro yacho yakanakira zvipfuyo uye ingangoita seinovaka sehwafa huswa.

Mashizha ebhinzi anoshandiswa sechifukidzo chevhu kuvandudza kuumbwa kwevhu, marara muhuku dzekurima nekuvaka (kugadzira mapundu emabhodhi kana zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira), zvekugadzira kurongedza.

Muriwo wemvere dzemhando yepamusoro, ardil, ndeweprotein yenzungu, uye isimbi zvakare kugadzira mapurasitiki, guruu, nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuve chirimwa chine legumi, nzungu ivhu rakanaka reclamator uye, sealfafa, inopfumisa nenitrogen.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti toasted nuts inonaka yega. Saka iwo akanaka zvakakwana, dzimwe nguva akaiswa munyu kana kutapira. Mune fomu yakapwanyika, madzishe anoavhenganisa muzvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekofi, kofi, makirimu akasiyana-siyana uye pastes, zvinwiwa, halva. Nzungu idzi dzine macalorie akawandisa: kirogiramu imwe chete yebhinzi yenzungu inopa 5960 macalorie.

MuAfrica, nzungu muto unosanganiswa nemhunga kana mupunga. MuChina, nzungu dzinoshanda semidziyo yekugadzira anopfuura mazana matatu emhando dzezvigadzirwa zvekudya. Mushonga wakakurumbira muUSA nzungu dzakakuyiwa, huchi, hupfu hwesoya, mumera, bhata renzungu, uye kukuyiwa kuita paste yakatsetseka.

Zvakanakira nzungu

Wese munhu anoziva izvo zvakakosha zvekudya izvo "zvine hutano." Iyi michero nemiriwo, hove uye hove dzegungwa dzakapfuma muzvinhu zvakakosha kumuviri. Asi zvinozoitika kuti chimwe chikamu chezvigadzirwa zvechikafu chinounza hutano hwedu zvishoma, asi izvo zvinovaka muviri vanoramba vachikanganwa nezvazvo, vachizvienzanisa ne "ballast chikafu." Chimwe chigadzirwa chakadaro nzungu.

Tsvagiridzo kubva kuFlorida State University yakaratidza kuti nzungu dzakapfuma kwazvo muma antioxidants, ayo anochengetedza masero mumuviri kubva kune zvine ngozi mahara radicals. Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo polyphenols iri mukati mayo ine antioxidant zvimiro - macompound ari padyo nemakemikari dhizaini kune iyo antioxidant zvikamu zvewaini tsvuku, ichiita imwe yedzakanakisa nzira yekudzivirira yemoyo zvirwere.

Nenzira, semasayendisiti akawana, mushure mekugocha nzungu, zvinyorwa zve polyphenols mairi zvinowedzera ne20-25 muzana. Ndiko kuti, nzungu dzinotowedzera kubatsira kune hutano. Uye kana tikaenzanisa nzungu maererano nemaitiro avo e-antioxidant nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, zvinoitika kuti, pamwe chete nemastrawberries nemablackberries, ndeyechipiri kune pomegranate, mutungamiri anozivikanwa mune zvinyorwa zve antioxidants.

Kubatsira uye kuipa kwenzungu mbishi

Nzungu mbishi dzinogona kukanganisa kugaya kudya. Pamusoro pezvo, pasina kugadzirwa, haisi tsime rekudya kunovaka muviri. ”

- Iyo bioavailability yezvinhu zvekutevera ichave yakakwira zvakanyanya mushure mekunyura nzungu. Iyi nzira inonzi activation. Inobatsira kubvisa phytic acid, iyo inokanganisa kubatwa kwemaminerari, pamwe chete ne inhibitors ye digestive enzymes - zvinhu zvinodzivisa basa ravo. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vakawanda vachinzwa kuremerwa kana kurwadziwa mushure mekudya (kunyanya kuwandisa) nzungu, Anna Tsukanova akacherechedza.

Maererano nachiremba, nzungu dzinofanira kunyoroveswa kwemaawa 7-10 kuti dziite kuti dzive dzisina kunaka. Mushure mokunge makungu anogona kuomeswa muchoto pa 40-45 degrees kana mu dehydrator. Ganda rinofanira kubviswa, sezvo rine zvakanyanya antinutrients.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuita mukaka wemukaka kubva mumiti yakanyoroveswa: sanganisa 1 chikamu chemiti nezvikamu zvitatu zvemvura, gurai mu blender uye simbisa.

Chigadzirwa chakadaro chinochengeta zvese zvakanaka zvenzungu, asi zvakanyanya kugadzika pakugaya uye kufambisa.

Kubatsira uye kuipa kwenzungu dzakakangwa

- Nzungu dzakakangwa dzinonzi dzine hutano kupfuura dzakasvibirira, nokuti nekuda kwekuderera kwehunyoro hunowedzera chikamu chekudya, kusanganisira antioxidants uye vitamin E. Nokudaro, zvinyorwa zve polyphenols zvinowedzera ne25%. Iyo zinc yemukati inowedzerawo, iyo inobatsira pakuumbwa kwe testosterone, iyo inobata zvakananga simba uye basa re spermatozoa muvarume, iyo nutritionist yakaona.Uyewo, iyo frying inowedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yenzungu. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chokudarika, kana zvisina kudaro vacharasikirwa nezvose zvinobatsira.

Kubatsira uye kukuvadza kwenzungu dzine munyu

-Nzungu dzakanyungudutswa, hongu, dzinotakura zvese zvakanakira nzungu, asi nekuda kweiyo yakawandisa sodium yemukati, inotungamira mukuzvimba uye kuwedzera kudzvanywa. Izvi hazvizobatsiri vanhu vane zvinetso zveitsvo uye zvemwoyo zvakagara zviripo.Panguva imwe chete, kana iwe usingashandisi zvisizvo zvipembenene zvine munyu, zvino mumunhu ane hutano hazvizokonzeri migumisiro yakaipa.

Kubatsira uye kukuvadza kwepeanut butter

Peanut butter ndiyo sosi yehudiki nekuda kweiyo yakakwira ye antioxidants, uye mavhitamini ari muchigadzirwa anovandudza kunaka kweganda, misumari uye bvudzi. Mukuwedzera, chigadzirwa 

inokurudzira kuvaka kwemhasuru kunobudirira panguva yekushanda kwemuviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemapuroteni uye purines, zvinokuvadza kune vanhu vane arthritis, arthrosis, gout, nekuda kwehuwandu hwemafuta - kune vanhu vane tsika yehuputi, nekuda kwe hemostatic properties - ine varicose veins.

Zvakanakira uye kukuvadza kwenzungu mune chirwere cheshuga

Iyo glycemic index yenzungu ndeye 13, nokuti nut haina kukonzera kukurumidza kusunungurwa 

yehomoni inonzi insulin.”- Kunwa nzungu zvine mwero kunoderedza njodzi yechirwere cheshuga. Mukuwedzera, iyo inobatsira kugadzirisa mazinga ehuga, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuiunza mukudya kwevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga chechipiri, chiremba akatsanangura. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekukosha kwesimba, chigadzirwa chinofanira kudyiwa mukati. moderation.

Nzungu mumishonga

Nzungu iyi inowanzokurudzirwa vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga zvine mwero, uye nzungu bhata inotokurudzirwa kuderedza uremu. ”Maererano nenyanzvi, chigadzirwa ichi chakanakira tsinga dzemwoyo, chinosimbisa tsandanyama yemwoyo, uye antioxidants inodzivirira kubva pamhedzisiro yemahara. radicals, iyo inowanzotungamirira kugomarara.Kuwedzera, iyo fiber munzungu yakachena inobatsira kuvandudza bowel basa uye motility. Kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa kunobatsira pakugadzirisa chigaro, kunodzivirira kuvimbiswa kana kuderedza mamiriro acho nedambudziko riripo.

Maitiro ekusarudza

Itsva, yakachengetedzeka pakudya nzungu dzine nucleoli yakaoma uye inopenya isingasiyane muruvara. Iyo yakareruka nzungu, inofefetera uye yakachengeteka. Mbeu yenzungu yero uye inovava chinhu chakasakara uye chine ngozi chinofanira kuraswa.”- Kana ikachengetwa zvisina kunaka, mold fungus inomera pamusoro penzungu – aspergillus, iyo inobudisa aflatoxin. Iine carcinogen yakasimba inogona kukanganisa nhengo dzose uye matishu, kunyanya chiropa neitsvo. Inogonawo kutungamirira kunonoka mukukura nekukura kwevana, kunoderedza kudzivirirwa. Mune madosi makuru, chinhu ichi chinokonzeresa chepfu, iyo inowanzo tungamira mukukuvadzwa kwechiropa uye inogona kutyisa hupenyu. Kana, pakuzarura bhokisi remiti, "utsi" kana gore revhu rakachena, grey kana revhu rakaonekwa, ichi chiratidzo chechirwere chefungal. Iwe haugone kudya nzungu dzakadaro, pamwe nekufemera guruva, Anna Tsukanova akadaro.

Nzira uye sei kuchengeta Nzungu

Nzungu dzinofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo ine rima, inotonhorera. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti panguva imwechete ive mugirazi yakavharwa yakasimba. Upenyu hwemasherufu emiti yakadaro nekuchengetedza kwakakodzera ndeye 1 gore.