Kurongeka kwevana: kutanga rinhi, zvekudzidza

Vana vemazuva ano vanotanga kushandisa makombiyuta nokukurumidza. Vanotarisa katuni, vanotsvaga ruzivo, vanokurukura neshamwari. Vanoitawo homuweki uye homuweki. Naizvozvo, vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kutaurirana nemagetsi. Asi nei chaizvo uye nguva yekutanga kuzviita?

Mumakirasi esainzi yekombuta, mamireniyumu ainyanya kudzidza kutaipa zvinyorwa, akaziva Microsoft Windows (Basic at best) uye akatamba Super Mario. Nhasi, makombiyuta evana akasikwa semafiriji. Maitiro ekubatsira mwana wako kuti agadzikane munyika yedhijitari uye kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kune ayo anogara achigadziridza? Ngatizvionei.

Makumi gumi - makumi maviri

Zera rakakodzera rekuzivisa mwana komputa. Pazera remakore matatu, vana vanotanga kudzora tsandanyama pamusoro peunyanzvi hwemotokari hwemaoko. Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo vanogona kutoona kubatana pakati pekhibhodi uye mbeva zvinodzora uye shanduko pachiratidziri. Pazera rino, vanogona kunyange kugona zvirongwa zviri nyore.

Makumi gumi - makumi maviri

Vana vezera rechikoro chekare vanokwanisa kugamuchira ruzivo chete kubva muruzivo rwavo vamene, ruzivo kubva kune vamwe vanhu haruna kukosha zvakanyanya kwavari uye kazhinji haruonekwi semanyuko echokwadi. Pamusoro pazvo, vana havasati vakwanisa kuona ruzivo rwemunhu mumwe nemumwe, saka vanonyora nekuverenga zvishoma nezvishoma (somuenzaniso, peji rebhuku chinhu chisingaonekwi kwavari). Zvakaoma kwavari kuvaka mitongo nemhedziso.

Kana iwe ukabvunza mwana kuti chii chaunoshandisa shati kubva: pepa, jira, birch bark, polystyrene kana rubber, achasarudza jira, asi haakwanisi kutsanangura chikonzero nei akapindura saizvozvo. Pazera remakore 5-7, mwana haakwanisi kudzidziswa zvidzidzo zvealgorithmization (somuenzaniso, nyora algorithm yekuverenga mazwi y u2d 6a - (x + XNUMX) kana kutsanangura algorithm yekuita basa rechikoro mumasvomhu). Nokudaro, zviri nani kutanga kudzidza purogiramu kubva pazera remakore masere uye kwete mberi.

Nyoresa mwana wako mukosi yekukura kwemutauro wekutanga kana masvomhu epfungwa. Mhinduro yakanakisa ingave yekutarisisa hunyanzvi hwakapfava uye kukudziridza gwara rekugadzira: zvikamu zvemitambo, art kana mimhanzi chikoro.

Makumi gumi - makumi maviri

Pazera rino, dhigirii ye egocentrism inowira, mwana atova akagadzirira kutenda kutonga kwemudzidzisi uye nokudaro kunzwisisa ruzivo. Syncretism (chido chomwana chekutora kubatanidzwa kwezviratidziro zvekubatana kwezvinhu, somuenzaniso, mwedzi hauputsi nokuti unorara mudenga) unoperawo, uye zvinotove zvichibvira kunzwisisa kuti nzira dziri nyore dzinoshanda sei.

Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinosiyanisa nzvimbo dzeproximal uye chaiyo budiriro - hunyanzvi hunoumbwa muzviitiko zvakabatana nevamwe vanhu. Zvinogona kuitwa nemwana akazvimiririra (somuenzaniso, kupfeka zvipfeko zviri nyore) zvatova munharaunda yekukura chaiko. Kana iye asati aziva kuti angasunga sei tambo dzeshangu pasina kurudziro yemunhu mukuru padyo, saka hunyanzvi uhu huchiri munharaunda yeproximal development. Mukirasi, mudzidzisi anogadzira nzvimbo yekusimudzira.

Saka mwana anokura ekuona-yekufananidzira uye heuristic kufunga (kana zvichikwanisika kuwana zviwanikwa), anodzidza kugadzirisa matambudziko epfungwa mune graphical uye block fomu. Kuti ubudirire kuronga hurongwa pazera rino, iwe unoda ruzivo rwekutanga rwemasvomhu echikoro: kuwedzera, kubvisa, kuwanda uye kupatsanura nenhamba imwe uye kaviri manhamba mukati megumi.

Iwe unofanirwawo kukwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekubatanidza. Somuenzaniso: katsi Murka akabereka 8 kittens (6 fluffy uye 5 tsvuku). Ingani kittens dzakazvarwa zvose fluffy uye tsvuku panguva imwe chete? Uye zvakare, vana vanoda hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko ane musoro, senge graphic labyrinths, rebus, kuunganidza akareruka algorithms, uye kutsvaga nzira ipfupi.

Makumi gumi - makumi maviri

Mumagiredhi 4-5, kunze kwekuita maalgorithms ekutanga (somuenzaniso, maka algorithm inotevera pamepu Nha. ine branching algorithms, nested loops, variables, uye maitiro.

Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kukudziridza kufunga-kune musoro kufunga: shanda nevatambi vakasiyana-siyana, wakasununguka kupinda kodhi yepurogiramu uye kuvaka chikonzero-uye-mhedzisiro hukama paunenge uchigadzirisa matambudziko emasvomhu uye ane musoro. Saka, semuiti, tinogona kushandisa chimiro chekombuta chinogona kuita zviito zvakasiyana-siyana munyika chaiyo: svetuka, mhanya, tendeuka, zvichingodaro.

Mumabasa ekudzidzisa, zvinodikanwa, semuenzaniso, kuti afambise bhokisi. Kuti aite izvi, mwana anoda kuisa mirairo inodiwa muchirongwa mune imwe nzira. Izvi zvinokura kufunga kusinganzwisisike, mwana anonyatsoona mafambiro ehunhu hwake, uye anonzwisisa paanokanganisa pakunyora mirairo muchirongwa.

Vana pachavo vanokweverwa kune tekinoroji uye zvese zvitsva, saka zvakakosha kuti vabereki vatungamire kufarira uku munzira inobatsira. Kuronga kunongoratidzika senzvimbo yakaoma uye isingasvikike, inongoenderana nevashoma. Kana iwe ukanyatsotarisa zvinofarirwa nemwana uye kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwake nemazvo, anogona kuva "nyanzvi yepakombiyuta chaiyo."

Nezve Mugadziri

Sergey Shedov - muvambi uye mutungamiriri weMoscow School of Programmers.

Leave a Reply