Rice

tsananguro

Murairi ndeimwe yeakakurumbira madhishi edivi munyika. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kupa yakasarudzika dhayeti zvivakwa kune mupunga, vachifunga iyo mushonga wezvirwere zvakawanda. Asi mabhenefiti ezviyo aya anoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, uye mamwe marudzi anogona kutokuvadza muviri.

Vanhu vanga vachirima mupunga kwemakore 9 zviuru. Yakaonekwa muEurope makore chiuru apfuura, uye madzitateguru edu akaidaidza kuti "Saracen mapira." Wese munhu ane yake yaanofarira dhishi: mukaka porridge, manhanga pudding, crumbly mupunga neuchi, pilaf, nezvimwe. Uye mazhinji eidzi madhishi anogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku edu ekuru-mbuya-mbuya. Naizvozvo, kutaura nezve mupunga nezve chigadzirwa chakagara chichidiwa uye chakashandisirwa mutsika dzeEurope.

Nhoroondo yemupunga

Ndosaka vachiti munhu ane nyika yaakaberekerwa uye kwaanodiwa. Izvo zvinogona kutaurwa nezvezvirimwa zvakawanda uye ndiro. Semuenzaniso, nyika yenhoroondo yemupunga ndiChina chekare. Kunyangwe izvi, zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevagari venyika vanodana mupunga chikafu chavo chavanofarira.

Nyika yose rudo rwezviyo urwu haruna kuuya nekukasika. Kuti ukunde tsitsi dzevanhu vazhinji, mupunga, senge zvimwe zvirimwa, wauya wakareba uye wakareba nzira.

Yaive nemukurumbira muChina kutanga zviuru zvitatu zvemakore BC; kubva ipapo, yakasvika kuIndia. Nenzira, maIndia isu tine chikwereti kuvandudza mupunga wezviyo wakareba. Zvino, kunyangwe nguva yedu isati yasvika, mupunga wakakunda kondinendi yese yeAsia.

Yakaonekwa muEurope zvakanonoka. Shure mupunga waive nezita rekuti Saracen gorosi, Saracen zviyo. Yakanga iri gare gare kuti mumitauro yeEurope, zvainzwika senge Riis.

Mupunga unomera muCentral neEast Africa, Polynesia neMelanesia, neSouthern Europe. MuSpain neItaly, mupunga unozivikanwa kubva pakutanga kweMiddle Ages, kuGreece neAlbania, Yugoslavia neBulgaria - zvakare kubva kunguva dziri kure kwazvo. Kune minda muAmerica. Zvakangodaro, Asia yaive uye inoramba iri nzvimbo huru yekurimwa kwemupunga.

Pamusoro penhoroondo yakareba yekukudziridzwa kwayo, mupunga wakachinja.

Mhando dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzemabhotani dzinozivikanwa pamusoro pemhando zana nemakumi mashanu, nemazana ezviuru emhando dzekurima. Mhando iyi inopatsanuka kuita mapoka maviri akakura: akareba, matete, zviyo zvakamanikana zvechiIndia uye yakatenderera, mupunga mupfupi wekuJapan wakabva

Mupunga wakachena uye mutema, wepepuru, mutsvuku (nenzira, inovaka muviri zvakanyanya), beige, yero, mitsetse. Asi zviyo zvakadaro zvichiri zvisina kujairika kudunhu redu.

Mhando dzerice

Kune marudzi matatu emupunga pamusika wedu nhasi: shava, sango kana dema, isina kupolisiswa kana shava, uye chena nguva dzose. Iyo yakawanda yehutano inowanikwa musango dema mupunga.

Panzvimbo yechipiri mupunga usina kupolisirwa; ine ruvara rwebhuruu sezvo tsanga inochengeta ganda rakapfuma mu fiber uye mavitamini.

Zviyo zvemuvara chena zvakakwenenzverwa, zvine odha yehukuru hwakaderera zvinovaka muviri pane "hama" yayo yebrown, uye sarudzo "yepakati" yakaunganidzwa, ine tint yakajeka. Iyo inochengetedza iyo yakawanda yezvinhu zvinobatsira. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutaridzika kwayo kunokwezva uye padyo nemucheka muchena.

Maumbirwo uye macalorie zvemukati

Mupunga ndiB mavitamini sosi (B1, B2, B3, B6), inova yakakosha pane zvakajairwa nehurongwa hwetsinga, saka mupunga unogona kutariswa sezvokudya zveCentral nervous system. Pakati pezvicherwa izvo zviyo izvi zvakapfuma, potasium inomira pachena; mune shoma, zviyo zvemupunga zvine calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, phosphorus.

• Mapuroteni, 5.92 g,
• Mafuta, 1.53 g,
• Carbohydrate, 56.11

Ikoriori yemukati yemupunga ndeye 130 macalorie / 100 g

Zvakanakira mupunga

Zvakanakira mupunga zvinokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwayo, iyo inogadzirwa nemahydrohydrate akaomesesa (anosvika makumi masere muzana); dzinenge 80 muzana yemupunga wakaumbwa inogarwa nemapuroteni macomputer (sere anokosha amino acids yemuviri wemunhu) Asi iyo inonyanya kukosha chivakwa chechigadzirwa ichi ndechekuti haina girini (puroteni yemuriwo inogona kukonzeresa kugadzikana).

Kune zvakare fiber mune izvi zviyo, kunyange chikamu chayo chiri chidiki - chete 3 muzana. Iyo vhitamini uye mamineral yakaoma yemupunga zvinhu haisi yakafara kwazvo, asi inonyanya kukosha kuhutano.

Iyo yakakwira potassium yemupunga inotaura nezve iro rakakura basa mukuchengetedza iyo yemoyo system. Kunze kwezvo, kana ichipinda mumuviri wemunhu, tsanga inosangana nemunyu uripo uye inobvisa kuwanda kwayo. Hazvina kuitika kuti chikafu chemupunga chakakurumbira nekubvisa munyu kubva mumajoini muvanhu vakura.

Mupunga unobatsirawo pamberi peitsvo uye zvirwere zvehurongwa.

Mushonga wevanhu

Mukurapa kwechinyakare, mupunga wort unoshandiswa pneumonia, hosha dzemapapu, huro, hosha, uye antipyretic mumiriri.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kubatsira mupunga ndeyekufukidza kwayo. Kamwe mudumbu, zvinyoro nyoro inofukidza madziro ayo uye inoderedza iyo mucous membrane yekuita kusangana ne gastric muto. Iyi fuma yakakosha kune vanhu vane yakanyanya acidity yegastric muto uye avo vanorwara negastritis kana ulcerative maronda emu gastric mucosa.

Chimwe chinhu chinobatsira chemupunga kutora huturu hunopinda mumuviri uye zvimwe zvekudya.

Mupunga une zvinhu zvekuchenesa, unodzorera kudya mushure mekutsanya kwenguva refu uye chirwere chakakomba, inowanzoita kurara, inowedzera kuyamwa mumamai vanoyamwisa, uye inotobvisa mweya wakaipa.

Nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzinobatsira, vana chiremba vanokurudzira mupunga kutenderera pasirese sechikafu chekutanga chinowirirana chevacheche. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuunza porridge mukudya kwemwana, kutanga kubva pamwedzi mitanhatu. Idzi mbeu dzine zvinhu zvinobatsira uye zvinokuvadza panguva imwe chete; 'zviyo zvaro zvine zvinhu zvinotitadzisa kutenderera kwemukati. Naizvozvo, mvura yemupunga ndeimwe yemishonga inowanzozivikanwa yekurapa "vanhu" yemanyoka uye manyoka asingaperi.

Chokutanga pane zvose, inofanira kutaurwa pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvinhu zvemupunga. Vaya vanogara vachitambura nekuremerwa mumatumbu vanoda kungwarira nezvezviyo izvi.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti zvinokuvadza uye zvinobatsira zvinoenderana nemhando yazvo uye nzira yekugadzirisa: chena mupunga chigadzirwa chakanatswa, uye kushandiswa kwayo kazhinji kunotungamira mukukudziridzwa kwechirwere cheshuga mellitus, hosha yemoyo, hypovitaminosis, uye huremu hwakawandisa.

Kugadzira chigadzirwa panguva yekufambisa muzvivakwa zvengarava zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuwedzera kukuvadza kwemupunga: yakapukutwa nemusanganiswa weglucose uye talc uye yakagadziridzwa nemavhitamini ekugadzira. Talc inopa kubwinya uye kupenya kwekunze, uye glucose inovandudza kuravira. Naizvozvo, kujekesa njodzi dzekusangana nechigadzirwa chakadai, zvirinani kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvemamiriro ekunze (kusanganisira zvemumba).

5 Chokwadi chinonakidza pamusoro pemupunga

1. Masayendisiti eJapan anoti chibage chine shavi chinowedzera huchenjeri nekurangarira.
2. MuChina, chirevo "pwanya ndiro yemupunga" chinoshandurwa se "kurega basa."
3. Icho chikafu chinodyiwa cheinenge hafu yevagari vepasi, uye zvinotora zviuru zvishanu zvemarita emvura kuburitsa 5,000 kilogiramu yezviyo zvinodiridzwa.
4. Mashoko ekuti "chikafu" uye "mupunga" akafanana mumitauro yakati wandei yeAsia, uye muchiChinese, pfungwa dze "kudya kwemangwanani," "masikati", uye "kudya kwemanheru" dzinoshandurwa se "mupunga wekutanga," "masikati makuru," "nguva dzekupedzisira." ”
5. Kwenguva yakareba muJapan, vakadzi vakashandisa zviyo izvi uye mupunga kuti vachenese uye vagadzirise ganda. Hupfu, decoctions, uye gruel zvinochenesa uye chena ganda kubva pazera makwapa uye makwapa.

Kukuvadza uye kupesana

Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti mangani macalorie ari mupunga. Uye funga kuti ichi hachisi chigadzirwa chekudya. Cherekedza kune vese vanoda chibage ichi: 100 gramu yacho ine mazana matatu emakori. Naizvozvo, kudya mupunga wekudzikisa huremu haisi pfungwa yakanaka.

Uye kana huremu hwako hwakakwira zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kupfuura zvakajairwa, mupunga unowanzo kupesana.

Ichi chibage chakabatanidzwa nenyama chakaomarara padumbu.
Vanachiremba vanopa zano pamusoro pekudya mupunga wemukati colic uye kuzvimbirwa.

Kubika sadza

Kugadzirira

Kana iwe uchida kubika yakasununguka mupunga, sukurudza pasi pemvura inotonhora usati wabika. Izvi zvinobvisa starch inova inoitisa kunamira. Shenesa mupunga kanenge kashanu kana kupfuura kusvikira mvura yajeka. Nzira yakanyanya nyore yekuita iyi sosi yakanaka.

Mimwe ndiro, senge risotto, inoda mupunga wakazara kuti ubike. Muchiitiko ichi, haufanirwe kuisuka. Sekupedzisira sarudzo, unogona kuzvimisikidza kune imwe sukurudza kusuka zvese zvakapfuura.

Kuti ubike mupunga nekukurumidza, unogona kuinyudza kwemaminitsi makumi matatu-30. Ipapo nguva yekubika ichaderedzwa neinenge hafu. Zvisinei, munyaya iyi, zviri nani kuderedza huwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa pakubika.

Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kubika zviyo izvi kunoda mvura yakapetwa kaviri. Asi ichi chikamu chinofungidzirwa. Zvirinani kuyera huwandu hwemvura zvichienderana nerudzi:

• tsanga-refu - 1: 1.5-2;
• zviyo zvepakati - 1: 2-2.5;
• zviyo zvakakomberedza - 1: 2.5-3;
• yakabikwa - 1: 2;
• shava - 1: 2.5-3;
• musango - 1: 3.5.

Ive neshuwa kuti uverenge iwo iwo marongero ari muhomwe. Mugadziri wacho anonyatsoziva kuti mupunga wakagadziriswa sei uye anoratidza huwandu hwakakwana hwemvura.

Zvokudya

Zviri nani kubika mupunga mupani ine yakadzika pasi: tembiricha yayo yakaenzana yakagoverwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuibika muhombe skillet. Cauldron inowanzo shandiswa kune pilaf.

Mitemo yekubika

Kana iwe ukabika mupunga mupani, uya nemvura ine munyu kumota, uye wozodurura hupfu mukati maro. Zvikurumidze kamwe kudzivirira zviyo kubva pakanamatira kuzasi. Wobva wamirira kusvikira ndiro yatanga kufashaira, kudzikisa kupisa kusvika pasi, uye vhara iyo pani nechivharo.

Usasimudze chivharo panguva yekubika. Zvikasadaro, mupunga unotora nguva yakareba kuti ubike. Kana iwe uchida kuti mupunga uve wakapwanyika, usamhanyisa (kunze kwekutanga nguva). Zvikasadaro, zviyo zvinotsemuka uye zvoburitsa starch.

Ivhareji yekubika nguva, zvinoenderana nerudzi, ndeiyi:

• chena - maminetsi makumi maviri;
• parboiled - maminetsi makumi matatu;
• shava - 40 maminetsi;
• musango - 40-60 maminetsi.

Kana poroji yagadzirira, bvisa kubva pamoto uye umire kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Kana paine mvura mumupunga wakapedzwa, dhonza kana kuvhara pani netauro rakaoma: inozotora mwando wakawandisa.

Nzira yekusarudza mupunga

Ichena, nhema, shava, uye kunyange yemusango - mhando dzakasiyana pakati pezviyo dzinongoonekwa semupunga chete. Mhedzisiro yedhiza yakarongwa yakanangana nechimiro chayo, kureba, uye ruvara. Mhando yakasarudzwa nenzira kwayo inosarudza 90% yekubudirira mukubika pilaf, sushi, uye, chokwadika, rakajairwa porridge. Kana, sekutonga, vanhuwo zvavo vasina mibvunzo nezve mabikirwo ezviyo zvakakomberedza, vamwe vatengi vachiri kungojaira mazita ekunze akadai sa "arborio," "jasmine," uye "indica." Kunzwisisa kuomarara kwekusarudzwa kwemupunga.

Yakareba uye yakatoreba

Yakawanda gorosi mupunga (indica) inokodzera kune avo vanotsigira kuita kwakasiyana siyana. Zviyo zvakadaro hazvinamatire pamwechete panguva yekubika uye zvinoshanduka kuva zvakapwanyika. Pakati-gorosi ipfupi uye yakafara kupfuura yakareba-zviyo, uye panguva yekubika, inonwisa hunyoro, saka tsanga dzayo dzinonamira pamwechete zvishoma, asi panguva imwechete, ndiro yacho inozopedzisira yave nyoro nyoro. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakodzera masobho, pilaf, risotto, uye paella. Mhando inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevanhu vemuno chibage chakakomberedza. Iine huwandu hwakawanda hwesitashi, saka ihwo huremu hunotapira kana wapedza. Round mupunga rakanakira kugadzira sushi, mapai, viscous porridge, puddings, casseroles.

Mupunga unogona kuva mhando mbiri, yakabwinyiswa uye isina kupolishwa. Mupunga wakakwenenzverwa tsanga yakasvuurwa. Hazvina kuitika kuti vateveri vehupenyu hwakanaka varikurova rudzi urwu rwezviyo. Panyaya yezvirimo mavitamini uye microelements, zvakaderera kune zvisina kurapwa mhando. Zviyo zvisina kupurisirwa, umo ganda rinochengetwa, rinoonekwa sekudya zvine hutano. Inofanira kutakurwa mundangariro kuti mupunga usina kupurisirwa unotora zvakapetwa kaviri kuti ubike uye, kunyangwe mushure mekurapa kupisa kwenguva refu, uchave wakaomarara kupfuura mamwe marudzi.

Kune zvese zvinhu zvine mhando yazvo

Pakazara, pane anopfuura makumi maviri emhando mikuru yemupunga uye inopfuura 20 misiyano. Mune ruvara, groats machena machena, uye mune zvakasikwa; kune zvakare tsvuku, yepepuru, yero, uye kunyange nhema nhema. Ngatitaurei nezvemhando dzakakurumbira.

Basmati. Muchi Hindi, izwi "basmati" rinoreva "munhuwi". Iyi yakasarudzika yemupunga miriwo inokura muIndia nePakistan. Basmati ine yakashata nutty kuravira, haina kunamatira pamwe panguva yekubika, uye inoshanduka kuva yakaoma. Iyo yakanaka padivi dhishi yezvakawanda ndiro.

Jasmine. Izvi zveThai zviyo zvakasiyana zvine hwema hunofadza huchiyeuchidza maruva ejasmine. Mucheka muchena unoshanduka kuva wakapfava, asi panguva imwecheteyo, tsanga dzayo refu hadzifadzi uye dzinochengeta chimiro chadzo. Aya ma groats akanaka ekugadzirira masaradhi, padivi ndiro, uye madhiri.

Tsvuku. MuFrance, panokura chibage ichi, yakagara ichibatanidzwa nesora. Asi muAsia, zviyo zvitsvuku zvine maitiro akasiyana zvachose. Ikoko, izvi zvakasiyana siyana zvave zvichikosha kubvira panguva dzekare uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kubatsira. Mucheka mutsvuku haufadzi uye unotora hunhu hwakaomarara pamagumo ekubikira.

Nhema Tibetan. Yemusango chaiyo (nhema) ingangoita huswa hwehukama hwemhuri yezviyo. Nyika yaro ndeyekuchamhembe kweAmerica, asi ikozvino mupunga wemusango unowanikwawo mune mamwe matunhu. Mukuwedzera kune yakajairwa seti yemavitamini inoenderana nemafuta, ichi chibage chakanyanya kupfuma mu magnesium uye zinc, potasium, uye folic acid.

arborium. Italian svikiro-yezviyo arborio mupunga ine yakasarudzika chivakwa: panguva yekubika, inowana inotapira kusagadzikana uye inotora iyo kunhuwirira uye kunhuwirira kwezvose zvinoshandiswa mundiro.

Camolino. Zviyo zvakakura uye zvakakomberedza zviyo zveEgypt zviri nani nemafuta emiriwo, saka ivo vanowana pearl-cream mumvuri. Mushure mekuvira, mupunga unochengetedza hunyoro uye kuomerera, asi zviyo hazvinamatire pamwechete. Sushi, porridge, uye madhiri anodhakwa anoshandisa camolino.

Dzimwe mhando

ChiSpanish. Bomba, Valencia, uye Calasparra mhando dzakanaka kwazvo. Пкфшты inobata zvakakwana mvura uye inoramba yakagwinha. Spanish mupunga inogadzira paella inonaka uye pilaf.

Krasnodar. Ichi chibage chezviyo chakakomberedza ndicho chakanyanya kuchamhembe pasirese. Krasnodar mupunga wakanaka kugadzira masobho, sushi, puddings, uye zviyo.

Uzbek yepilaf. Nhoroondo dzakasiyana dzechungara, devzira, uye dastar-saryk dzinozivikanwa nekugadzira chaiyo Asia pilaf. Mbeu dzakakora uye dzinorema dzekirimu, shava uye tsvuku, nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwakakosha, inonatsa huwandu hwakawanda hwehunyoro nemafuta, uye dhishi rakapwanyika uye rinonhuwirira.