tsananguro
Munyu ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chegungwa chakasikwa nechisikigo, icho chakachengetedzwa mumatumbo epasi muchimiro chayo chepakutanga, chave chiripo kwemamiriyoni emakore, pasina kuiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvemabasa evanhu uye mamwe maitiro e technogenic.
Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kusvikika uye dzakapfuma kwazvo dzezvinotsvagisa munyu wegungwa uye inoiswa muchimiro chemunyu wedombo. Madhipoziti akaumbwa muchimiro che halite mineral ine inorganic substance NaCl (sodium chloride) uye inclusions yezvinongoitika trace elements, zvinoonekwa zvinoonekwa sezvimedu zvine mimvuri ye "grey".
NaCl chinhu chakakosha chinowanikwa muropa remunhu. Mukurapa, 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution inoshandiswa se "saline solution".
Sodium chloride, inozivikanwa kwatiri semunyu, yakakosha pakushanda kwakakodzera kwemuviri wemunhu. Tafura yemunyu chinhu chakakosha kuvaka muviri wedu, semvura.
Inobatanidzwa mune dzakawanda biochemical maitiro mumuviri. Munyu haugadziwe nemuviri wedu uye unobva kunze. Muviri wedu une anenge 150-300 gramu emunyu, mamwe acho anoburitswa zuva nezuva pamwe nemaitiro ekuburitsa.
Kuti uzadze chiyero chemunyu, kurasikirwa kwemunyu kunofanirwa kuzadzikiswa, chiyero chezuva nezuva chiri 4-10 gramu, zvichienderana nehunhu hwese. Semuenzaniso, nekuwedzera kudikitira (kana uchitamba mitambo, mukati mekupisa), huwandu hwekudya munyu hunofanirwa kuwedzerwa, pamwe nezvimwe zvirwere (manyoka, fivha, nezvimwewo).
Fomu yemunyu
Zvakanakira munyu
Kushaikwa kwemunyu mumuviri kune mhedzisiro inokanganisa: kumutsiridzwa kwesero kunomira uye kukura kwavo kunogumira, izvo zvinogona kuzotungamira kune kufa kwesero. Kunaka munyu kunokurudzira mate, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kugaya chikafu.
Pamusoro pemate, sodium uye chlorine zvakare iripo mupancreatic muto, bile uye inobatanidzwa mukugaya pamatanho akasiyana. Sodium inokurudzira kubatwa kwemakhahydrates, uye chlorine, nenzira yehydrochloric acid, inokurumidza kugayiwa kwemapuroteni.
Uye zvakare, sodium chloride inotsigira simba metabolism mukati memasero. Munyu unodzora kutenderera kwemvura mumuviri, inokonzeresa kutetepa ropa uye lymph, pamwe nekubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Munyu unokosha zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa kushanda kweropa, kumuka kwaro kunowanzopomedzerwa munyu.
Kunyangwe rakakosha basa re sodium chloride yemuviri wedu, zvakare ine zvayakaipira. Munyu unokosha zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa kushanda kweropa, kumuka kwaro kunowanzopomedzerwa munyu. Yakawandisa munyu inoiswa mumajoini, muitsvo. Kuwedzera kwemunyu muropa kunopa kukura kweatherosclerosis.
Kuchera munyu
Iyo indasitiri inogadzira tafura yemunyu, yakanaka, crystalline, yakabikwa, ivhu, bundu, yakapwanyika, uye zviyo. Iyo yakakwira iyo giredhi yemunyu, inowedzera sodium chloride iyo ine uye zvishoma mvura-isina insoluble zvinhu. Nomuzvarirwo, wepamusoro-giredhi unodyiwa munyu unonaka munyu pane wakaderera-giredhi munyu.
Asi munyu wemhando ipi zvayo haifaniri kuva netsvina yekunze inoonekwa neziso, uye kuravira kunofanira kuva munyu, pasina kuvava uye kuvava. Munyu wegungwa ndeimwe yemhando ine hutano hwemunyu ine zvicherwa zvakawanda. Kana iwe uine hanya nezvehutano hwako, saka zvakakodzera kudya iyi chaiyo mhando. Munyu wechisikigo usina kucheneswa - wakapfuma muiodine, sarufa, iron, potasium uye mamwe ma trace elements.
Kune zvakare mhando yemunyu yakadai sechikafu. Iyo ine yakaderedzwa sodium yemukati, asi yakawedzera magnesium uye potasium, iyo yakakosha pakushanda kwakazara kwemoyo nemidziyo yeropa. Kuwedzera munyu imhando "yehasha" yemunyu, nekuti haina chero chinhu kunze kweiyo pure sodium chloride. Yese yakawedzera trace elements inoparadzwa semhedzisiro yekubuda kwemvura kubva mairi panguva yekuchenesa nesoda.
Iodized munyu
Iodized salt inokodzera hurukuro yakasarudzika. Iko hakuna matunhu muRussia umo huwandu hwevanhu hwaisazoburitswa panjodzi yekuvandudza chirwere chekushaya iodine Chikamu cheChelyabinsk inzvimbo inowanikwa (nzvimbo ine yakaderera iodine yezvinyorwa muvhu, mvura, chikafu chemuno).
Kwemakore gumi, pakave nekuwedzera kwezviitiko zvekushomeka kwe ayodini. Nhasi, nzira yakatendeseka uye yakapusa yekudzivirira kushomeka kweIodine iodization yetafura yemunyu. Kubatsira kukuru kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti vangangoita vanhu vese vanodya munyu mukati megore. Zvakare, munyu chigadzirwa chakachipa chinowanikwa kumativi ese evagari.
Kuwana iodized salt kuri nyore: wedzera potassium iodide kune yakajairwa chikafu munyu muchikamu chakasimba. Nekuchengetedza, iyo iodine zvemukati mune iodized munyu zvishoma nezvishoma inoderera. Hupenyu hwesherufu hwemunyu uyu mwedzi mitanhatu. Mushure meizvozvo, inoshanduka kuita yenguva dzose tafura yemunyu. Chengetedza iodized salt munzvimbo yakaoma uye mune yakasungwa yakavharwa mudziyo.
History
Mirazvo yemoto yakavhenekera mukova webako, matombo nematavi emiti akarembera pamusoro pawo. Vanhu vaive vakagara vakakomberedza moto. Miviri yavo yakanga yakafukidzwa nematehwe emhuka. Miseve, miseve yakasungirirwa nematombo uye matemo ematombo aive pedyo nevarume. Vana vakaunganidza matavi ndokukanda mumoto. Vakadzi vakagocha nyama ichangobva kuganda pamusoro pemoto, uye varume, vaneta nekuvhima, vakadya iyi nyama yakabikwa hafu, yakasaswa nemadota, nemarasha akanamira pairi.
Vanhu vakanga vasati vaziva munyu, uye vaifarira dota, raipa nyama kuravira kunonaka, kune munyu.
Vanhu panguva iyoyo vaive vasati vaziva kugadzira moto: zvakauya kwavari netsaona kubva pamuti wakavhenekwa nemheni kana kubva kumoto unopisa-unopisa wegomo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vakadzidza kuchengeta marasha, mafeni anopisa, vakadzidza kukanga nyama nekuinamira padanda nekuibata pamusoro pemoto. Zvakazoitika kuti nyama haikurumidzi kukurumidza kudaro kana ikaomeswa pamoto, uye inogara kwenguva yakareba kana yakarembera muutsi kwechinguva.
Kuwanikwa kwemunyu uye kutanga kwekushandisa kwayo yaive nguva yehumwe kukosha sekuziva kwemunhu nezvekurima. Pamwe panguva imwe chete nekucherwa kwemunyu, vanhu vakadzidza kuunganidza zviyo, kudyara minda uye kukohwa goho rekutanga…
Zvakafukunurwa zvakaratidza kuti zvimbambaira zvemunyu zvekare zvaivapo mumaguta echiSlavic epanyika yeGalician uye muArmenia. Pano, mukushambadzira kwekare, kwete chete sando dzematombo, matemo uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvakapona nanhasi, asiwo zvitsigiro zvemuti zvemugodhi uye kunyange masaga ematehwe, umo munyu wakaendeswa 4-5 zviuru zvemakore apfuura. Zvese izvi zvakazadzwa nemunyu uye nekudaro zvaigona kurarama nanhasi.
Pakukunda guta, nyika, vanhu, maRoma airambidza masoja, pakurwadziwa kwekufa, kutengesa munyu, zvombo, dombo remvura nezviyo kumuvengi akakundwa.
Paive nemunyu mushoma muEurope zvekuti vashandi vemunyu vairemekedzwa zvikuru nevanhu uye vaidaidzwa kuti "vanozvarwa", uye kugadzirwa kwemunyu kwaionekwa sechiito "chitsvene"
"Munyu" zvinofungidzirwa kunzi kuripwa kwemauto eRoma, uye kubva apa pakauya zita remari diki: muItari "soldi", muFrance "yakasimba" uye izwi reFrance "saler" - "muhoro"
Muna 1318, King Philip V akaunza mutero wemunyu mumaguta gumi nemaviri makuru muFrance. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, zvakabvumidzwa kutenga munyu chete mumatura ehurumende nemutengo wakawedzera. Vagari vemumahombekombe vakarambidzwa kushandisa mvura yegungwa vachityisidzirwa nefaindi. Vagari venzvimbo dzine munyu vakarambidzwa kutora michero yemunyu nemunyu.