Muridzi wepiyano ane tarenda akakundikana kuva shasha. Munyori ane tarenda asina kuburitsa bhuku rimwechete. Idealist uye yerudo, museki uye wit. Munyori akakwanisa kudhirowa nemimhanzi uye kuita tonic uye yechishanu kutaura nezwi remunhu. Zvose izvi ndiRobert Schumann, munyori mukuru weGermany uye mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi, piyona wenguva yerudo mumimhanzi yeEurope.
Mwana akanaka
Pakutanga kwezana remakore, pakutanga kwezhizha musi waJune 8, 1810, mwana wechishanu akaberekwa mumhuri yenhetembo August Schumann. Mukomana uyu ainzi Robert uye ramangwana rakanga rakamurongerwa, zvichiita kuti ave nehupenyu hwakanaka uye hunobudirira. Kunze kwemabhuku, baba vake vaiita basa rekutsikisa mabhuku uye vakagadzirira mwanakomana wavo nzira imwe cheteyo. Amai vairota muchivande kuti gweta raizokura kubva kuna Schumann muduku.
Robert akatakurwa zvakakomba nemabasa aGoethe naByron, aive nemaitiro anofadza ekutaura uye chipo chaimubvumira kunyatso ratidza mavara akasiyana zvachose kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Baba vacho vakatobatanidza zvinyorwa zvomudzidzi wechikoro chesekondari muenisaikoropidhiya yavakabudisa. Nziyo dzevana idzi dzave kuburitswa sewedzero kuunganidzwa waRobert Schumann wezvinyorwa zvenhau.
Achiita zvaidiwa naamai vake, Robert akadzidza zvemutemo muLeipzig. Asi mumhanzi wacho wakakwezva jaya racho zvakanyanya, zvichisiya nguva shoma yekuita chimwe chinhu.
Sarudzo yakaitwa
Zvichida, idi rokuti pakati pemakumi ezviuru avagari vetaundi duku reSaxon reZwickau rakazobuda kuva munyori weogani Johann Kunsch, uyo akava muperekedzi wokutanga waSchumann ane makore matanhatu okukura, rakanga riri basa raMwari.
- 1819 Pazera ramakore mapfumbamwe, Robert akanzwa mutambo wemuimbi ane mukurumbira weBohemian uye piano virtuoso Ignaz Moshales. Iyi konzati yakave yakasarudzika yesarudzo yeimwe nzira yemukomana.
- 1820 Pazera remakore gumi, Robert akatanga kunyora mimhanzi yekwaya uye orchestra.
- 1828 Pazera remakore 18, mwanakomana ane rudo akazadzisa kurota kwaamai vake ndokupinda Leipzig University, uye gore gare gare paYunivhesiti yeGelderbeig, achironga kupedza dzidzo yake yepamutemo. Asi pano mhuri yeWieck yakaonekwa muhupenyu hwaSchumann.
Friedrich Wieck anopa piano zvidzidzo. Mwanasikana wake Clara mutambi wepiyano ane tarenda ane makore masere. Mari inobva kumakonsati ake inobvumira baba vake kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka. Robert anowira murudo kamwechete uye zvachose nemwana uyu, asi anotamisa chido chake kumumhanzi.
Anorota kuzova piano wemakonti, achiita zvinhu zvisingagoneki nokuda kweizvi. Pane humbowo hwekuti Schumann akagadzira yake kopi ye (yakakurumbira uye inodhura kwazvo) Dactylion wepiyano mudzidzisi wechigunwe. Pamwe kushingaira kukuru panguva yekudzidzira, kana kuti focal dystonia inowanikwa mu piano, kana kuti chepfu nemishonga ine mercury, yakatungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti index uye zvigunwe zvepakati zveruoko rworudyi zvakamira kushanda. Kwakanga kuri kuparara kwebasa remupiyano uye kutanga kwebasa remunyori uye mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi.
- 1830 Schumann anotora zvidzidzo mukuumbwa kubva kuna Heinrich Dorn (munyori weakakurumbira "Nibelungs" uye conductor weLeipzig Opera House).
- 1831 - 1840 Schumann akanyora uye akave akakurumbira muGermany uye kune dzimwe nyika: "Butterflies" (1831), "Carnival" (1834), "Davidsbündlers" (1837). Trilogy inotaura chiono chemunyori chekuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hwemimhanzi. Zvizhinji zvemimhanzi yenguva ino zvakagadzirirwa kuita piano. Kuda Clara Wieck hakuperi.
- 1834 - chinyorwa chekutanga che "New Musical Newspaper". Robert Schumann ndiye muvambi weiyi fashoni uye ine simba mimhanzi magazini. Apa akapa rusununguko kupfungwa dzake.
Kwemakumi emakore, vanachiremba vepfungwa vakagumisa kuti Schumann akatanga bipolar disorder. Unhu huviri hwakagara muuropi hwake, uyo akawana inzwi mupepanhau idzva pasi pezita rokuti Eusebius naFloristan. Imwe yacho yaiva yerudo, imwe yacho yaitsvinya. Uku kwakanga kusiri kuguma kwenhema dzaSchumann. Pamapeji emagazini, munyori wacho akashora hukuru uye hunyanzvi panzvimbo yesangano risipo David's Brotherhood (Davidsbündler), raisanganisira Chopin naMendelssohn, Berlioz naSchubert, Paganini uye, hongu, Clara Wieck.
Mugore iroro, 1834, yakakurumbira kutenderera "Carnival" yakasikwa. Ichi chidimbu chemimhanzi chinyorwa chemifananidzo yevaimbi avo Schumann anoona kukura kweunyanzvi, kureva vose avo, mumaonero ake, vakakodzera kuva nhengo mu "Davidic Brotherhood". Pano, Robert akabatanidzawo manyepo mavara kubva mupfungwa dzake, akasvibiswa nehurwere.
- 1834 - 1838 yakanyorwa symphonic etudes, sonatas, "Fantasies"; nanhasi, yakakurumbira piyano zvidimbu Fantastic Fragments, Scenes kubva Vana (1938); izere nekutamba kwerudo piyano "Kreisleriana" (1838), zvichibva pane anodiwa Schumann munyori Hoffmann.
- 1838 Nguva yese iyi, Robert Schumann ari pamuganho wekugona kwepfungwa. Anodiwa Clara ane makore gumi nemasere, asi baba vake vanopesana nemuchato wavo (muchato ndiko kupera kwebasa rekonzati, zvinoreva kupera kwemari). Murume akakundikana anoenda kuVienna. Anotarisira kuwedzera denderedzwa yevaverengi vemagazini mune opera capital uye anoenderera mberi nekunyora. Mukuwedzera kune yakakurumbira "Kreisleriana", munyori akanyora kuti: "Vienna Carnival", "Humoresque", "Noveletta", "Fantasy muC Major". Yakanga iri nguva ine zvibereko kune munyori uye ine njodzi kumupepeti. Humambo hweAustria censorship haina kuziva pfungwa dzakashinga dzemutsva Saxon. Magazini yacho yakatadza kutsikirirwa.
- 1839 - 1843 kudzokera kuLeipzig uye akachiva muchato naClara Josephine Wieck. Yakanga iri nguva inofadza. Muimbi wacho akasika nziyo dzinosvika zana nemakumi mashanu, dzerudo, dzinosetsa, pakati padzo paive nenhoroondo dzechiGerman dzakadzokororwa uye dzinoshanda pamavhesi aHeine, Byron, Goethe, Burns. Kutya kwaFriedrich Wieck hakuna kuitika: Klara akaenderera mberi nebasa rake rekonzati kunyangwe akave amai. Murume wake akamuperekedza panzendo ndokumunyorera tsamba. Muna 150, Robert akawana basa rokudzidzisa rechigarire paLeizipg Conservatory, rakatangwa neshamwari yake uye murume anoyemurwa, Felix Mendelssohn. Panguva imwecheteyo, Schumann akatanga kunyora Concerto yePiano uye Orchestra (1843-1941);
- 1844 rwendo kuenda kuRussia. Klara rwendo muSt. Petersburg neMoscow. Schumann ane godo nemudzimai wake kubudirira neruzhinji, asati aziva kuti pfungwa dzake dzakatora midzi yakasimba mumhanzi weRussia. Schumann akazove kurudziro yevanyori veThe Mighty Handful. Mabasa ake aiva nezvaanoita Balakirev uye Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky uye Borodin, Rachmaninov uye Rubinstein.
- 1845 Clara anodyisa mhuri yake uye zvishoma nezvishoma anotsveta mari kumurume wake kuti akwanise kubhadhara zvese. Schumann haagutsikane nemamiriro ezvinhu aya. Murume ari kuedza kutsvaga nzira dzekuita mari. Mhuri inotamira kuDresden, kufurati hombe. Vaviri vanogadzira pamwe chete uye vanoita majana ekunyora madhayari. Clara anoita nziyo dzemurume wake. Vanofara. Asi, chirwere chepfungwa chaSchumann chinotanga kuwedzera. Anonzwa manzwi uye ruzha rukuru runovhiringidza, uye kuona kwekutanga kunooneka. Mhuri yacho inowedzera kuwana munyori achitaura ega.
- 1850 Robert anopora kubva kuhurwere hwake zvekuti anowana basa semutungamiriri wemimhanzi paAlte Theatre muDüsseldorf. Haadi kusiya imba yake yakagadzikana yeDresden, asi pfungwa yekuda kuwana mari iri kuramba ichiwanda.
- 1853 Kufamba kwakabudirira muHolland. Muimbi anoedza kutarisira orchestra nekwaya, kuita tsamba dzebhizinesi, asi "manzwi ari mumusoro make" ari kuramba achiomerera, uropi huri kuputika nekurira kukuru, izvo zvinokonzera kurwadziwa kusingatsungiririki. Kondirakiti yetheater haina kuvandudzwa.
- 1854 MunaFebruary, Robert Schumann, achitiza kufungidzira, anozvikanda muRhine. Anonunurwa, anokweverwa kunze kwemvura yechando uye anotumirwa kuchipatara chepfungwa pedyo neBonn. Clara aive nepamuviri panguva iyoyo, uye chiremba anomuudza kuti asashanyira murume wake.
- 1856 munyori anofira muchipatara, mudzimai wake nevana vakura vanopota vachimushanyira asati afa.
Schumann anenge asina kunyora muchipatara. Akasiya chidimbu chisina kupera che cello. Mushure mekugadzirisa zvishoma naKlara, konzati yakatanga kuitwa. Kwemakumi emakore, vaimbi vakanyunyuta pamusoro pekuoma kwezvibodzwa. Nechekare muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, Shostakovich akaita gadziriro yakaita kuti basa rive nyore kune vaimbi. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura, humbowo hwezvakachengetwa hwakawanikwa hwekuti cello concerto, chokwadi, yakanyorerwa violin.
Nzira yakaoma yekufara
Kuti vawane mufaro wemhuri, vakaroorana vaifanira kurega zvakawanda uye kusiya zvakawanda. Clara Josephine Wieck akarambana nababa vake. Kurambana kwavo kwakasvika pakuipisisa zvokuti kwemakore akawanda akanga achimhan'arira mvumo yokuroora Robert Schumann.
Nguva yainyanya kufadza yaiva nguva pfupi yaishandiswa muDresden. Schumann aiva nevana vasere: vasikana vana nevakomana vana. Mukuru wevanakomana akafa aine gore. Muduku uye wekupedzisira akaberekwa panguva yekuwedzera kwekuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa kwemunyori. Akanzi Ferikisi, zita raMendelssohn. Mudzimai wake aigara achitsigira Schumann uye muhupenyu hwake hurefu akasimudzira basa rake. Clara akamupa konzati yake yekupedzisira yemabasa epiyano emurume wake aine makore makumi manomwe nemana.
Mwanakomana wechipiri, Ludwig, akatora chiremera chababa vake chokurwara uyewo akafa pazera ramakore 51 muchipatara chevarwere vepfungwa. Vanasikana nevanakomana, vakarerwa nemabhoni nevadzidzisi, vakanga vasiri pedyo nevabereki vavo. Vana vatatu vakafa vachiri vadiki: Julia (27), Ferdinand (42), Felix (25). Clara nemwanasikana wake mukuru Maria, uyo akadzokera kuna amai vake uye akamutarisira mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, akarera vana vegotwe Felix uye mwanasikana wechitatu, Julia.
Nhaka yaRobert Schumann
Hakusi kuwedzeredza kudaidza Robert Schumann chimurenga munyika yeOld World mimhanzi. Iye, kufanana nevanhu vakawanda vane tarenda, akanga ari mberi kwenguva yake uye haana kunzwisiswa nevaairarama navo.
Kunyanya kuzivikanwa kwemunyori kucherechedzwa kwemimhanzi yake. Ikozvino, muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, mumakonzati muzvikoro zvemimhanzi, vanoimba vanoimba "Sovenka" uye "Miller" kubva ku "Children's Scenes". "Zviroto" kubva kudenderedzwa rimwe chete zvinogona kunzwika pamakonti ekurangarira. Kuwedzeredza uye symphonic mabasa anounganidza horo dzakazara dzevateereri.
Zvinyorwa zveSchumann zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvakadhindwa. Boka renyeredzi renyeredzi rakakura, iro rakafuridzirwa nemabasa emunyori. Uhu hupenyu hupfupi hwakanga hwakajeka, hunofadza uye huzere nenjodzi, uye hwakasiya chiratidzo chahwo patsika dzenyika.
