ChiTatar chikafu

Vanoti Auguste Escoffier ndiye akatanga kuunza izwi rekuti "Tatar cuisine". Muchengeti mumwechete, mutsoropodzi, munyori wezvekudya uye, panguva imwe chete, "mambo wevabiki uye shefu wemadzimambo." Menyu yeresitorendi yake kuRitz hotera izvozvi ndokuzoonekwa madhishi e "tartar" - masosi, nyama dzekudya, hove, nezvimwe. Gare gare, mabikirwo avo akaverengerwa mumabhuku ake, ayo ave kunzi Classics yenyika yekubika. Uye kunyangwe ivo vaine zvishoma zvakafanana nechikafu cheTatar chaicho, dzinenge nyika dzese dzinovasanganisa nazvo, vasingatombo fungidzira kuti, zvine hungwaru, dzinofanirwa kuve dzakaomarara, dzinonakidza uye dzakasiyana.

History

Yemazuva ano Tatar cuisine yakapfuma zvinoshamisa mune zvigadzirwa, ndiro uye mabikirwo avo, asi izvi zvaisave zvakadaro. Chokwadi ndechokuti munguva dzekare vaTatar vaiva vatama-tama vaipedza yakawanda yenguva yavo vari munhimbe. Ndokusaka hwaro hwekudya kwavo hwaive hwakanyanya kugutsa uye huchitengeka chigadzirwa - nyama. Kwaidyiwa nyama yebhiza, gwayana nenyama yemombe. Dzakabikwa, dzakakangwa, dzakabikwa, dzakaiswa munyu, dzakaputirwa, dzakaomeswa kana kuomeswa. Mushoko rimwe chete, vakagadzira zvokudya zvinonaka uye gadziriro dzokushandisa munguva yemberi. Pamwe chete navo, vaTatar vaidawo zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, izvo zvavaidya vari voga kana kuti vaishandisa kugadzira zvinwiwa zvinotapira (kumis) uye zvinonaka (kruta, kana kuti chizi chine munyu).

Uye zvakare, vachiri kuongorora ndima nyowani, ivo zvirokwazvo vakakwereta ndiro nyowani kubva kuvavakidzani vavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane imwe nguva pane yavo dogarkhan, kana machira etafura, makeke eupfu, mhando dzakasiyana dzetii, uchi, michero yakaomeswa, nzungu uye maabriji akaonekwa. Gare gare, apo vatanguri vekutanga pavakatanga kujairira hupenyu hwekugara, huku dzehuku dzakabudirawo mukati meTatar chikafu, kunyange hazvo vasina kugona kutora nzvimbo yakakosha mairi. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo maTatar ivo pachavo vairima rye, gorosi, buckwheat, oats, pizi, mapfunde, vaiita kurima miriwo nekuchengeta nyuchi, izvo, chokwadi, zvairatidza mune mhando yechikafu chavo. Nekudaro, zviyo nemidziyo yemidziyo ndiro yakaonekwa pamatafura evagari vemo, ayo akazove madivi edivi.

Features

ChiTatar chikafu chakagadzirwa nekukurumidza. Uyezve, panguva ino, zvakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya kwete nezviitiko zvekare, asi zvakare necultina tsika dzevavakidzani vayo. Panguva dzakasiyana, dzakapinda mukati mayo dzakakurumbira madhishi eRussia, Udmurts, Mari, vanhu veCentral Asia, kunyanya maTajik neUzbeks. Asi izvi hazvina kuita kuti zviwedzere, pane zvinopesana, yakave yakapfuma uye yakatumbuka. Kuongorora chikafu cheTatar nhasi, tinogona kusimbisa maficha ayo makuru:

• kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemafuta. Kubva panguva dzekare, ivo vaida chirimwa nemhuka (nyama yemombe, gwayana, bhiza, mafuta ehuku), pamwe ne ghee nebhotoro, izvo zvavanopa chikafu chinonaka. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti hapana chakachinja kubva ipapo - chikafu cheTatar hachifungidzike nhasi pasina mafuta, masosi akapfuma nezviyo;
• kubviswa nemaune doro uye dzimwe nyama dzenyama (nyama yenguruve, rukodzi uye nyama yenyuchi) kubva kuchikafu, izvo zvinokonzerwa netsika dzechitendero. Pfungwa ndeyekuti maTatar vazhinji maMuslim;
• rudo rwemidziyo inopisa ndiro - masobho, broths;
• mukana wekubika yenyika madhishi muhari kana mugango, izvo zvinokodzera nzira yehupenyu hwevanhu vese, nekuti kwenguva yakareba yakaramba ichingofamba-famba;
• kuwanda kwemaresipi ekubheka mafomu epakutanga nemhando dzese dzekuzadza, idzo dzinogoneswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzetii;
• zvine mwero kushandiswa kwehowa nekuda kwezvakaitika zvinhu. Maitiro ekushingairira kwavo akaonekwa chete mumakore achangopfuura, kunyanya pakati pevagari vemumaguta;

Nzira dzekutanga dzekubika:

Zvichida kukosha kweiyo chiTatar chikafu ndiyo dzakasiyana siyana dzinonaka uye dzinonakidza ndiro. Vazhinji vacho vane midzi yakanaka uye nhoroondo yavo. Saka, zvakajairika zvemapfunde porridge yaimbove chikafu chetsika. Uye kunyangwe nguva ikamira isina kumira uye zvese zvikachinja, runyorwa rwezvakakurumbira zvechiTatar uye zvinonaka izvo ivo maTatar ivo nevaenzi vavo vanoda zvinoramba zvisina kuchinja. Mutsika inosanganisira:

Dumplings. Kungofanana nesu, maTatar anozviveza kubva mukanyiwa isina kuviriswa, zvisinei, vanoshandisa zvese nyama yakakangwa nemiriwo sekuzadza, uye vanowedzerawo hemp zviyo kwavari. Kazhinji kazhinji, madomasi akagadzirirwa zororo kana evakakosha vashanyi.

Belish pie yakavhurika ine nyama yedhadha, mupunga nehanyanisi.

Shurpa muto wechiTatar, uyo, muchokwadi, wakafanana nesobho ine nyama, manoodles uye miriwo.

Azu inyama yekudya ine miriwo.

Eles ipai yakatenderera yakarongedzwa nehuku, mbatatisi nehanyanisi.

Tatar pilaf - yakagadzirirwa kubva kune yemombe kana yegwayana mugomba rakadzika rine yakawanda mafuta emhuka nemiriwo. Dzimwe nguva michero inogona kuwedzerwa kwazviri, izvo zvinopa kutapira.

Tutyrma isoseji yakagadzirirwa pamba yakagadzirwa kubva kune yakasviba nezvinonhuwira.

Chak-chak ndeye huchi hupfu kurapa iyo yakawana mukurumbira wakakura kutenderera pasirese. Kune veko, iko kunakirwa kwemuchato kunounzwa nemuroora kumba kwechikomba.

Chebureks zvakakangwa zvakapetwa pies nenyama, iyo zvakare yakava yenyika dhishi reMongolian neTurkic vanhu.

Echpochmaki - mapaundi matatu akaiswa mbatatisi uye nyama.

Koimak - yeast dough pancakes ayo akabikwa muchoto.

Tunterma ndeye omelet yakagadzirwa nefurawa kana semolina.

Gubadiya ipai refu yakatenderera ine multilayer kuzadza kwecottage chizi, mupunga nemichero yakaomeswa.

Ayran chinwiwa chemunyika, icho chiri, muchokwadi, chakasanganiswa katyk (yakaviriswa mukaka chigadzirwa).