Mukati
Tine mafungiro akaipa kupasi iro rakatipa upenyu, rinotidyisa uye rinotipa nzira dzose dzokurarama nadzo. Kazhinji munhu anoedza nesimba rake rose kushandura nzvimbo yaanogara kuti ive dongo remarara rinonhuwa. Uye kazhinji anobudirira. Masango anotemwa uye mhuka dzinoparadzwa, nzizi dzinosvibiswa netsvina ine chepfu, uye makungwa anochinjwa kuva marara.
Mamwe maguta atinogara maari anoita semufananidzo wemufirimu rinotyisa. Vane madhiri ane mavara mazhinji, miti yakakanuka uye mweya wakazara nehuturu hunobuda. Vanhu vari mumaguta akadaro havararami kwenguva refu, vana vanorwara, uye kunhuwa kwemagasi anopedza simba kunova kunhuhwirira kwakajairika.
Nyika yedu mune izvi haina kusiyana nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira. Maguta anogadzirwa makemikari kana zvimwe zvinokuvadza zvinhu zvinosuruvarisa kuona. Isu takaisa pamwechete rondedzero iwe unosanganisira maguta ane tsvina muRussia. Vamwe vavo vanogona kunzi vari munjodzi chaiyo yezvakatipoteredza. Asi zviremera hazvina basa nazvo, uye vanhu veko vanenge vatojaira kugara mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
refu guta rakasviba zvakanyanya muRussia yainzi Dzerzhinsk munharaunda Novgorod. Kugara uku kwakashandiswa kugadzira zvombo zvemakemikari, kwakavharwa kune kunze kwenyika. Kwemakumi emakore ebasa rakadaro, marara akawanda emakemikari akasiyana-siyana akaungana muvhu zvokuti vagari vemo havawanzorarama kusvika makore 45 ekuberekwa. Nekudaro, isu tinoita runyorwa rwedu runobva pane yeRussia system yekuverenga, uye inotora mukufunga chete zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo. Ivhu nemvura hazvifungidzirwe.
10 Magnitogorsk
Rondedzero yedu inovhura neguta iro munhoroondo yaro pfupi yave yakabatana zvakanyanya nesimbi, inorema indasitiri uye zviitiko zvezvirongwa zvemakore mashanu ekutanga. Guta iri kumusha kweMagnitogorsk Iron uye Steel Works, bhizinesi rakakura kwazvo muRussia. Iyo inomiririra yakawanda yehutsi hunokuvadza hunokuvadza hupenyu hwevagari. Pakazara, anenge 255 zviuru matani ezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinopinda mumhepo yeguta gore negore. Bvumiranai, nhamba huru. Mafirita akawanda akaiswa pachirimwa, asi anobatsira zvishoma, kuwanda kwe nitrogen dioxide uye soot mumhepo inodarika zvakajairwa kakawanda.
9. Angarsk
Panzvimbo yepfumbamwe pane yedu rondedzero pane rimwe guta reSiberia. Kunyange zvazvo Angarsk ichionekwa seyakabudirira, mamiriro ezvinhu eecology pano anosiririsa. Iyo indasitiri yemakemikari yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya muAngarsk. Oiri inogadziriswa pano, kune akawanda mabhizinesi ekugadzira muchina, anokuvadzawo zvisikwa, uye nekuwedzera, kune chirimwa muAngarsk chinogadzira uranium uye inopedza mafuta kubva kumagetsi enyukireya. Nharaunda ine simiti yakadaro haisati yawedzera hutano kune ani zvake. Gore negore, matani 280 ezvinhu zvine chepfu anopinda mumhepo yeguta.
8. Omsk
Panzvimbo yechisere kune rimwe guta reSiberia, mhepo iyo gore negore inogamuchira matani 290 ezvinhu zvinokuvadza. Mazhinji acho anoburitswa neakamira masosi. Nekudaro, inopfuura 30% yehutsi hunobva kumotokari. Usakanganwa kuti Omsk iguta guru rine vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,16.
Indasitiri yakatanga kukura nekukurumidza muOmsk mushure mehondo, sezvo mazhinji emabhizinesi kubva kuEuropean chikamu cheUSSR akabviswa pano. Ikozvino guta rine huwandu hukuru hwemabhizinesi eferrous metallurgy, indasitiri yemakemikari uye mechanic engineering. Vose vanosvibisa mhepo yeguta.
7. Novokuznetsk
Guta iri nderimwe renzvimbo dzeRussia metallurgy. Mazhinji emabhizinesi ane michina yechinyakare uye inochetura mweya zvakanyanya. Iyo yakakura metallurgical bhizinesi muguta ndeyeNovokuznetsk Iron uye Steel Works, inova zvakare inonyanya kusvibisa mhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, indasitiri yemarasha yakagadziridzwa mudunhu, iyo zvakare inoburitsa yakawanda inokuvadza. Vagari vemuguta vanoona kusamira zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza muguta serimwe rematambudziko avo makuru.
6. Lipetsk
Guta iri rinogara kuEurope yakakura metallurgical plant (NLMK), iyo inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwezvinosvibisa mumhepo. Kuwedzera kwaari, kune akati wandei mamwe mabhizinesi makuru muLipetsk anobatsira mukuipa kwemamiriro ekunze mumusha.
Gore roga roga, 322 zviuru zvematani ezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinopinda mumhepo yeguta. Kana mhepo ichivhuvhuta kubva parutivi rwesimbi yesimbi, ipapo kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwehydrogen sulfide kunonzwa mumhepo. Ichokwadi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mumakore achangopfuura kambani yakatora matanho ekuderedza utsi hunokuvadza, asi hapana mhedzisiro.
5. Asbestos
Yechishanu pachinyorwa chedu maguta ane tsvina muRussia iyo Ural settlement iripo. Sezvo zvinova pachena kubva kuzita reguta iri, asbestos inocherwa uye inogadziriswa mairi, uye silicate zvidhinha inogadzirwa zvakare. Heino chirimwa chikuru pasi rose chinobvisa asbestos. Uye aive mabhizinesi aya akaunza guta kumucheto kwenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza.
Zvinopfuura zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi matatu ezviuru zvematani ezvinhu zvine njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu zvinoburitswa mumhepo gore rega rega, mazhinji ehutsi aya anobva kunzvimbo dzakamira. 330% yavo inoverengerwa nebhizinesi rimwe chete. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwedzera kuti guruva reasbestos rine njodzi uye rinogona kukonzera cancer.
4. Cherepovets
Iri guta rinogara kune hofori kemikari uye metallurgical zvidyarwa: Cherepovets Azot, Severstal, Severstal-Metiz, uye Ammofos. Gore negore, zvinobudisa matani 364 ezvinhu zvine ngozi kuutano hwevanhu mumhepo. Guta rine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvirwere zvekufema system, moyo uye oncological zvirwere.
Mamiriro acho akanyanya kuipa muchirimo uye matsutso.
3. St. Petersburg
Panzvimbo yechitatu pane yedu rondedzero iguta reSt. Zvisinei, pano nyaya yacho yakasiyana: kune nhamba huru kwazvo yemotokari muguta uye yakawanda yekubudiswa ndiyo magasi emotokari.
Kufamba muguta hakuna kurongeka, motokari dzinowanzomira dzisina chadzinoita mumigwagwa, nepo dzichiisa chepfu mumhepo. Chikamu chemotokari chinotora 92,8% yezvese zvinokuvadza zvinobuda mumhepo yeguta. Gore rega rega, zviuru zve488,2 matani ezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinopinda mumhepo, uye izvi zvakanyanya kupfuura mumaguta ane maindasitiri akabudirira.
2. Moscow
Munzvimbo yechipiri maererano nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza ndiro guta guru reRussian Federation - guta reMoscow. Iko hakuna maindasitiri makuru uye ane ngozi pano, hapana marasha kana simbi inorema inocherwa, asi gore rega rega matani zviuru zana zvezvinhu zvinokuvadza kuvanhu zvinoburitswa mumhepo yeguta guru. Mhedzisiro huru yekubuda uku imotokari, vanoverengera 1000% yezvinhu zvese zvinokuvadza mumhepo yeMoscow. Motokari dzinosvibisa mhepo kunyanya mumaawa akawanda ekumira mumigwagwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuramba achiipa gore negore. Kana mamiriro acho achiramba achikura, zvichange zvisingabviri kufema muguta guru.
1. Norilsk
Kutanga pane yedu rondedzero maguta akanyanya kusvibiswa muRussia, rine muganho wakakura kwazvo iguta reNorilsk. Iyi yekugara, iyo iri muKrasnoyarsk Territory, yave iri mutungamiri pakati pemaguta eRussia asingafadzi zvakatipoteredza kwemakore mazhinji. Izvi zvinozivikanwa kwete chete nenyanzvi dzemumba, asiwo nevekunze vezvakatipoteredza. Vazhinji vavo vanofunga Norilsk nzvimbo yenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, guta rave rimwe revatungamiriri nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasvibiswa panyika.
Chikonzero chemamiriro ezvinhu aya chiri nyore: bhizinesi reNorilsk Nickel riri muguta, iro rinonyanya kusvibisa. Muna 2010, matani 1 emarara ane ngozi akaburitswa mumhepo.
Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa makore akati wandei apfuura zvakaratidza kuti chiyero chesimbi inorema, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid inodarika yakachengeteka kakawanda. Pakazara, vatsvakurudzi vakaverenga 31 zvinhu zvinokuvadza, iyo yakawanda inodarika iyo inobvumirwa. Zvirimwa nezvinhu zvipenyu zviri kufa zvishoma nezvishoma. MuNorilsk, avhareji yemakore anotarisirwa kurarama makore gumi ari pasi peavhareji yenyika.