Toologistologist

A toxicologist inyanzvi munharaunda yekurapa iyo ine basa rekuongorora, kudzivirira nekurapa marudzi ese ekukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu nekukuvadza zvinhu zvine chepfu kana zvinokuvadza (chepfu). Basa guru re toxicologist kutsvagisa kune izvo zvirwere zvemuviri wemunhu, icho chinokonzera chiri chepfu mhedzisiro yemakemikari nemakomponi awo. Basa renyanzvi iyi kuona chepfu uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekusarerekera kwavo uye kubvisa, pamwe nekudzikisira kukanganisa kwezvinhu izvi pamuviri wemunhu.

Chii chinoitwa ne toxicologist munharaunda yekurapa: nhengo, zvirwere, zviratidzo

Saka, chiremba anodzidza zvakadzama chepfu uye mhedzisiro yavo pahutano anonzi toxicologist mukurapa. Seimwe nzvimbo yakasiyana yemishonga, toxicology yakatanga kubuda muzana remakore rechi19, uye yakawana zita rayo kubva pamashoko maviri echiGiriki - "toxicos" (chepfu) uye "logos" (sainzi).

Basa guru re toxicologist hakusi kungozivikanwa uye kusarerekera kune chepfu inobata chimwe chipenyu, asiwo kutsvaga nzira dzekurapa chepfu uye kuenderera mberi kwavo kuvandudzika mukati mekuita kwachiremba. Zvakare, usakanganwe kuti chepfu yakawanda mudiki dosages inogona kuve nemishonga yevanhu, ndosaka toxicologists vachidzidza zvakadzama kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye maitiro emakemikari ezvizhinji zvine chepfu nemuviri wemunhu. Dzimwe nguva hudiki hudiki hwechepfu hunogona kurapa zvirwere zvakakomba, uye zvinoitika kuti kuwandisa kwemushonga wakajairika kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa yehutano. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoitwa zvakare neve toxicologists.

Kana zvasvika kune zvirwere mukati mekukwanisa kwe toxicologist, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kana pane chero chepfu, mwoyo, ropa, chiropa uye itsvo zvinogara zvichitambura kutanga. Zvirwere zvemitezo iyi iri mumuviri wemunhu zvinowanzoda kuongororwa neve toxicologists. Zvirwere zvinorapwa nana toxicologist zvinosanganisira kusashanda kwechiropa, marudzi ese ehuturu hwemuviri, kudhakwa, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo. Iwe unofanirwa kubvunza nyanzvi mune zviitiko zvekufungirwa kwehupfu hwakasiyana-siyana: kana paine chepfu yedoro, narcotic, chikafu kana maindasitiri uye chepfu yemumba (chepfu inokonzerwa nemakemikari detergents, semuenzaniso), pakubata nezvipembenene nenyoka (kurumwa kwavo), kushandiswa kwemamwe mishonga kusiri kwekurapa.

A toxicologist inobata nekutarisa kwevarwere vane zviratidzo zvisingaperi zvekudhakwa, chiropa uye kutadza kweitsvo. Chero kudhakwa kwemuviri kunogona kuitika mune yakaoma kana kusingaperi fomu. Mukudhakwa kwakanyanya, chepfu inoitika nekuwedzeredza kwechinhu chine muchetura panguva yekushandiswa kwayo kamwe chete. Kudhakwa kwakadaro kunoenderera mberi zvakanyanya, nezviratidzo zvakajeka. Muenzaniso ndewekudhakwa kwakanyanya kana paine chepfu yedoro, kana munhu, mushure mezvinwiwa zvinoshingaira, anotanga kunzwa kurwara zvakanyanya, ane marwadzo mumusoro, nhengo dzemuviri, haakwanise kuyeuka dzimwe nguva kubva pane zvakaitika zuva rapfuura.

Mukudhakwa kusingaperi, madiki madiki echepfu ane chepfu anoungana zvishoma nezvishoma mumuviri wemunhu, anogara achipinda mumuviri uyu, uye anogona kusakonzeresa mhinduro, asi mushure mekuita kwekuwedzera vanopa zviratidzo zvakawanda zvakadudzwa izvo zvinokurumidza kuoma kuziva. Nekudhakwa kusingaperi, murwere anotanga kutevera kushaya hope, kushungurudzika mupfungwa, kukanganisa kuyeuka uye kuisa pfungwa, kusvotwa, dzungu, musoro, kuneta, ruvara rweganda, kuchinja kwehutano hweganda nebvudzi. Zvose izvi zvinoratidzira zvinotibvumira kugumisa kuti zvakakosha kuonana ne toxicologist kuti uone maitiro ezvirwere uye mamiriro ezvinhu mumuviri uye kutsvaga nzira dzekurwisa zvirwere.

Ongorora uye nzira dzekuongorora dzinoshandiswa neve toxicologists mubasa ravo

Paunenge uchibata toxicologist, murwere anozofanira kupfuura akatevedzana bvunzo kuti ajekese mufananidzo weiyo pathological mamiriro emuviri. Nezvese zvakajairika, kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka zveamphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, methamphetamine, morphine, cannadinoids nemimwe zvinodhaka, pamwe neyewose weti uye kuongororwa ropa, zvinosungirwa. Kuti uone kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvepancreas, chiropa uye itsvo, zvakakosha kupa toxicologist nemhedzisiro yekuedzwa inotevera:

• puroteni yose;
• alanine aminotransferase;
• lipase;
• alkaline phosphatase;
• cholinesterase;
• Aspartate aminotransferase;
• yakananga uye yakazara bilirubin;
• alpha 1-asidhi glycoprotein;
• prothrombin nguva uye fibrinogen;
• alpha-1-antitrypsin;
• mapuroteni zvikamu;
• gamma-glutamyltransferase;
• amylase.

Panguva imwecheteyo, toxicologist, zvichienderana nehosha kana nhengo yakakanganisika, inogona kupa varwere vake nzira dzekuongorora dzakadai seabdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging uye electrocardiogram.

Mazano ekudzivirira chepfu kubva kune toxicologists

Kuti udzivise mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvine chepfu pamuviri wemunhu, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira, kutanga kune zvese, kuderedza mukana wekusangana kwevanhu nehupfu. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu dzimwe nguva haugone kutevedzera nekuda kwekuti kwete chete makemikari anogona kuva ane chepfu, iyo inoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva inogona kuva imwe nguva, kunyange zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekudya zvakaiswa mune imwe nzvimbo zvine unhu hwakadaro. zvinogona kubatsira mukurimwa kwevanhu vane chepfu mukudya. microorganisms.

Toxicologists vanokurudzira kuti kudzivirira chepfu yechikafu, inotevera mitemo iri nyore inofanira kuteverwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva:

• usamboregeredza mitemo yehutsanana hwemunhu - kugara uchigeza maoko kunogona kudzivirira kukura kweanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana ezvirwere uye chepfu;
• nguva dzose chengeta nzvimbo uye midziyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirira nekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvezvokudya zvakachena;
• usambodya zvokudya zvine kunaka uye kuchengeteka zvisina chokwadi zvachose. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvitupa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusimbisa, zviratidzo zvakasiyana pakurongedza, certification yenyika uye mamaki emhando anogona kushanda sechivimbiso chekuchengetedza chikafu;
• mukicheni, zvinosungirwa kushandisa zvakasiyana kucheka zvinhu uye mapuranga ezvokudya zvakabikwa uye zvakasvibirira;
• kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya kubva kune vatakuri vezvirwere uye zvinhu zvine chepfu - zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipembenene;
• kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwakaringana kwechikafu chakakodzera chikafu: kudzivirira chikafu kuti chisachengetedzwe pasi, muchimiro chakavhurika, pasina kupisa kupisa mushure mekudzima;
• kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemazai mukicheni - kugadzirisa mazai asina kupisa kupisa nesoda solution, chloramine solution uye pakupedzisira nemvura yakachena;
• kusungirirwa kushambidza miriwo nemichero mumvura inoyerera, uye pakudya - kuwedzera kushambidza nemvura ine acidified;
• zvinosungirwa uye zvemhando yepamusoro kupisa kurapwa kwemarudzi ese ezvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvinozvida;
• kukurumidza kutonhora kwezvokudya zvinopisa nekuzvikuya, kudzivirira kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvinotonhora uye zvinopisa mundiro imwe kuitira kuti urege kuparara;
• kuchengetwa kwezvokudya pane tembiricha isingapfuuri 5 degrees Celsius;
• paunenge uchipisa zvokudya, zvinofanira kubikwa, uye zvino kuchengetwa kwemaawa asingasviki 2 pane tembiricha inenge 70 degrees;
• kutevedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yezvakapedzwa zvakadhindwa zvigadzirwa, izvo zvinoratidzwa nemugadziri pane yekurongedza, nekuderera kwenguva inobvumidzwa nemaawa gumi nemaviri (kana zvichiratidzwa kuti chigadzirwa chinogona kudyiwa mushure mekuvhura maawa makumi mana nemasere, zviri nani idye chete kune inotevera 12);
• kudzivisa kudya zvokudya kana pane kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pehutano hwavo kana kuchengeteka.

Saka, toxicology uye nyanzvi mune iyi ndima vari kuita kudzivirira, kurapwa uye kudzidza kwekudyidzana kwakashata kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye muviri wemunhu, semhedzisiro yehupfu hunoitika mune yekupedzisira. A toxicologist, kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwehunyanzvi, anoona chikonzero chekudhakwa, anobvisa zviratidzo, uye zvakare anovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvine muchetura hazvipinde munhengo uye tarisa shanduko mumhinduro yemuviri pakurapwa kwayo. Nekurapa kunoshanda, muchetura mhedzisiro inova isinganyanyi kutaurwa munguva pfupi, uye kugara kwevarwere kunowedzera.