Truffle

tsananguro

Truffle (Tuber) ndiyo howa hunodhura kwazvo pasirese, chikafu chisingawanzo uye chinonaka chine kuravira kwakasiyana uye kwakasimba kunhuwirira. Iyo howa yakawana zita rayo nekuda kwekufanana kwemuviri wayo unobereka michero pamwe nembatatari tubers kana makoni (chiLatin mutsara terrae tuber inoenderana nepfungwa ye "yevhu diki").

Mushroom truffle ndeyedhipatimendi reascomycetes, iyo chikamu chePezizomycotina, kirasi yepec, kurongeka kwepec, iyo truffle mhuri, iyo genus ye truffle.

Truffle

Mushroom truffle: tsananguro uye hunhu. Ko truffle inoratidzika sei?

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, truffle howa yakati kurei kudarika nzungu, asi zvimwe zvienzaniso zvinogona kuve zvakakura kupfuura hombe yetaputi uye inorema kupfuura kilogiramu imwe.

Iyo truffle pachayo inoita kunge mbatatisi. Iyo yekunze layer (peridium) inovhara fungus inogona kuve neyakagadzika pamusoro kana kutsemuka kwakawanda, uye inogona zvakare kuvharwa nehunhu hwakawanda hwakawanda.

Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chehowa chine marble akasiyana. Iyo inoumbwa nekushandurwa kwechiedza "zvemukati mutsinga" uye "zvekunze tsinga" yemumvuri wakasviba, pane izvo spore mabhegi aripo, ayo ane akasiyana maumbirwo.

Ruvara rwe truffle pulp inoenderana nemhando: inogona kuve chena, nhema, chokoreti, grey.

Mhando dze truffles, mazita uye mifananidzo

Iyo genus yetruffles inosanganisira anopfuura zana ezvisikwa mhando dzehowa, dzinoiswa muzvikamu zvese zvichienderana nebazi radzo uye nenzvimbo uye maererano neakakosha gastronomic (nhema, chena, tsvuku).

Iwo ma truffles anozivikanwa ndeaya:

Nhema zhizha truffle (Russian truffle) (Tuber aestivum)

Truffle

Inosvika 10 cm muhupamhi uye inorema magiramu mazana mana. Zera-zvine chekuita neshanduko munyama ye truffle inoratidzwa mune shanduko yemavara kubva kuchena machena kune yero-brown uye grey-brown brown. Kuenderana kwaro kunochinjawo kubva pakakora muhowa howa hudiki kusununguka mune zvekare. Russian truffle ine inotapira nutty flavour uye isinganzwisisike algae hwema.

Iyi mhando ye truffle inokura muTranscaucasia neCrimea, muEuropean chikamu cheRussia neEurope. Inowanikwa pasi pemiti yakadai se oak, paini, hazel. Kubatira kubva munaJune kusvika kutanga kwaGumiguru.

Nhema Autumn Burgundy Truffle (Tuber mesentericum)

Truffle

Iyo howa yakatenderera muchimiro uye inorema kusvika ku320 g, isingadariki masendimita masere pakukura. Iyo pulp yetruffle yakakura ine ruvara rwe chokoreti yemukaka, yakapinda nemitsetse chena. Iyo hwema hwe truffle ine yakadomwa mumvuri wecocoa, iyo howa iyo pachayo ine inorwadza kuravira.

Nhema yechando truffle (Tuber brumale)

Truffle

Chimiro chemitumbi yemichero chinogona kunge chiri chisina kujairika idenderedzwa kana kutenderera. Kukura kwetruffle kunosiyana kubva pamasere kusvika gumi nemashanu kusvika masendimita masere, uye huremu hunogona kusvika 8 kg. Iyo yakatsvuka-Violet pamusoro pefungus yakafukidzwa ne polygonal warts. Nezera, iyo ruvara rweiyo peridium inoshanduka kuva nhema, uye iyo chena nyama inoshanduka kuita grey-yepepuru. Nguva yechando truffle ine inonakidza, inonzi musky kunhuwirira.

Mhando iyi yetruffle inokura kubva munaNovember kusvika Ndira-Kukadzi pavhu nyoro pasi pehazel kana linden. Inogona kuwanikwa muFrance, Italy, Switzerland neour country.

Nhema Perigord (French) Truffle (Tuber melanosporum)

Truffle

Zvibereko hazvina kujairika kana zvakapoteredzwa zvishoma, zvinosvika 9 cm muchikamu. Iko pamusoro pefungus, yakafukidzwa neana kana maheatoni ehondo, inoshandura ruvara rwayo kubva kutsvuku tsvuku kuita marasha matema nezera. Iyo yakajeka nyama ye truffle dzimwe nguva ine pingi tint inoshanduka yakasviba yakasviba kana nhema-yepepuru painenge ichikwegura.

Kubereka kubva munaZvita kusvika pakupera kwaKurume. Inorimwa muEurope neCrimea, Australia, New Zealand, China, South Africa. Pakati pema truffle matema, mhando iyi inoonekwa seinonyanya kukosha; iyo inotodaidzwa kuti "nhema dhaimondi". Iyo ine yakasimba hwema uye inonakidza kuravira. Zita rehowa rinobva kuzita renharaunda yePerigord muFrance.

Nhema Himalaya Truffle (Tuber himalayensis)

Truffle

Iyo howa ine miviri midiki yemichero uye inorema kusvika makumi mashanu g. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki, iyi truffle yakaoma kuwana.

White Piedmont (chiItaly) Truffle (Tuber magnatum)

Truffle

Michero yemichero ine irregular tuberous chimiro uye inosvika kusvika gumi nemaviri cm. Chaizvoizvo, huremu hwetatu haupfuure 12 g, asi zvisingaenzaniswi zvienzaniso zvinogona kurema kusvika 300 kilogiramu. Peridium yakatsvukirira-tsvuku kana brownish muvara. Iyo pulp yakachena kana yakasviba, dzimwe nguva ine zvishoma tsvuku tint.

Iyo Piedmont truffle ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeiyo chena truffles uye inoonekwa seinodhura howa mupasi rose. Iyo Italian truffle inonaka zvakanaka uye kunhuwirira kwacho kunoyeuchidza chizi uye gariki. Howa hunokura kuchamhembe kweItaly.

White Oregon (American) truffle (Tuber oregonense)

Truffle

Iyo fungus inosvika 5-7 cm muhupamhi uye inorema kusvika 250 g. Inokura pamhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweUnited States. Kazhinji inowanikwa mune yepamusoro ivhu revhu, iyo inosanganisira inoputsika tsono. Neichi chikonzero, iyo hwema hwe truffle ine maruva uye emakwenzi manotsi.

Truffle tsvuku (Tuber rufum)

Truffle

Iine hwema-coconut hwema pamwe newaini inonaka. Ukuru hwehowa hahupfuure masendimita mana, uye huremu i4 g. Iyo pulp yakakwidibira. Inokura zvakanyanya muEurope mumasango anodonha uye coniferous. Kuberekesa nguva kubva munaGunyana kusvika Ndira.

Tsvuku inopenya truffle (Tuber nitidum)

Truffle

Iyi truffle ine yakasarudzika waini-peya-coconut kunhuwirira. Mitezo inobereka inosvika pamasendimita matatu pakureba uye inorema kusvika pa3 g. Inokura mumasango anodonha uye coniferous. Kuberekesa nguva kubva Chivabvu kusvika Nyamavhuvhu (dzimwe nguva, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, inobereka michero kubva Kubvumbi kusvika Gunyana).

Autumn Truffle (Burgundy) (Tuber uncinatum)

Truffle

Imwe mhando yeFrench nhema truffle. Inokura kunyanya kumatunhu ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweFrance, inowanikwa muItari, kazhinji kashoma kuUK. Iyo howa ine inoratidzira chaizvo hazelnut hwema ine yakajeka "chokoreti" chinyorwa, inokosheswa zvakanyanya nemagourmets kune ayo akanakisa gastronomic maficha uye "anodhura" mutengo uchienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi e truffles: mutengo we truffle uri mukati ma600 euros pa 1 kilogiramu .

Rudzi rwe truffle inoibva muna Chikumi-Gumiguru, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Iyo pulp yehowa yakanyanya kuomarara, uye kuomarara kwayo hakushanduke mukati menguva yese yekuibva, ine grey-grey bhuruu uye inogara ichisanganisirwa neyakajeka "marble" mutsinga.

Chinese (Asia) Truffle (Tuber sinensis, Tuber chiratidzo)

Truffle

Kunyangwe iri zita rayo, howa hwekutanga hwerudzi urwu hwakawanikwa kwete kuChina, asi mumasango eHimalaya, uye zana chete ramakore gare gare, truffle yeAsia yakawanikwa muChina.

Panyaya yekuravira uye kusimba kwekunhuhwirira, uyu howa wakanyanya kuderera kune hama yake - iyo nhema tema French truffle, zvisinei, yakakosha kune vanoziva zvekudya kwakadai. Nyama yehowa yakasviba, dzimwe nguva nhema, ine mitsara yakawanda yegrey-chena hue.

Chinese Chinese truffle inokura kwete chete munharaunda yeChinese: inowanikwa muIndia, mumasango eKorea, uye mukudonha kwa2015, mumwe wevagari veguta reRussia reUsuriisk akawana truffle chaipo pachikamu chake, mune gadheni pasi pemuti wemuoki.

Ndekupi uye sei ma truffles anokura?

Truffle howa hunokura pasi pevhu mumapoka madiki, umo mune matatu kusvika ku3 emitumbi yemichero, ine gristly kana ine nyama yakafanana.

Iyo nzvimbo yekuparadzira truffles yakakura kwazvo: uku kunakisa kunokohwewa mumasango anodonha uye coniferous eEurope neAsia, North Africa neUnited States of America.

Semuenzaniso, iyo mycelium yeiyo Piedmontese truffle, iyo inokura kuchamhembe kweItaly, inoumba symbiosis nemidzi yebirch, poplar, elm uye linden, uye michero yemichero yeblack Perigord truffle inogona kuwanikwa muSpain, Switzerland neSouth. yeFrance mumatanda ane miouki, hornbeam kana beech miti.

Truffle

Zhizha dema truffle inosarudza masango akaomeswa kana akasanganiswa uye ivhu rakajeka reCentral Europe, Scandinavia, iyo Gungwa Dema mhenderekedzo yeCaucasus, our country, pamwe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeCentral Asia.

Iyo yechando truffle inokura kwete chete mumatanda eSwitzerland neFrance, asiwo mumasango emakomo eCrimea. Iyo michero yemichero yemuchena Moroccan truffle inogona kuwanikwa mumasango ari pedyo neMediterranean neNorth Africa mahombekombe. Iyi truffle howa inokura padyo nemidzi yemisidhari, oak nepine.

Truffle

Truffles inokura kupi muRussia?

Zhizha truffles (nhema yeRussia truffle) inokura muRussia. Ivo vanowanikwa muCaucasus, paGungwa Dema mhenderekedzo, muCrimea mumatondo akasanganiswa uye akasanganiswa. Zviri nani kuzvitsvaga pasi pemidzi yehornbeam, beech, oak. Izvo zvisingawanzoitika mumasango e coniferous.

Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana yechando truffles muCrimea. Iyi howa inokura kubva munaNovember kusvika Kukadzi-Kurume.

White truffles (yendarama truffles), ayo ari asingawanzo marudzi, zvakare anokura muRussia. Inogona kuwanikwa muVladimir, Oryol, Kuibyshev, Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk neSamara matunhu. White truffles zvakare inokura munharaunda yeMoscow dunhu (mudunhu reMoscow) uye Leningrad dunhu.

Truffle

Kukura truffles kumba

Vanhu vazhinji vanobvunza mubvunzo kana zvichikwanisika kurima matruffle vari voga, nzira yekukura iyi howa uye ndeapi mamiriro ekukura truffles. Muzvisikwa, kupararira kwehowa hunoitika nekuda kwevagari vemusango vanowana howa hwakaibva vodya.

Iyo spores yetruffles, pamwe chete nechinhu chakasviba chakabviswa kubva mumuviri wemhuka, chinopinda mumidzi yemuti uye voita symbiosis nawo. Nekudaro, munyika zhinji dzeEuropean nePRC, kurimwa kwekunyepedzera kwema truffle matema kwave kwakapararira kwemakore mazhinji. Izvo zvinocherechedzwa kuti machena truffles haazvikweretese ivo pachavo kurima.

Kubudirira kwekubereka truffle kunoda zvinhu zvinoverengeka kuti zviwirirane: mamiriro ekunze akanaka, ivhu rakakodzera nemiti yakakodzera. Nhasi, kugadzira masango e truffle, masango emuouki akagadzirwa nevanhu anodyarwa kubva pamichero yemuti pasi payo mushroom yakawanikwa.

Imwe sarudzo ndeye kutapura iyo yemidzi midzi neyakagadzirirwa truffle mycelium. Kurima truffles inzira refu uye inodhura, saka mutengo weiyo-yakura-imba-truffle inosiyana zvishoma nemutengo weiyo yakasarudzika truffle, kunyangwe iyo kuravira kweyakagadzirwa howa hwakati wandei.

Nzira yekuwana sei truffles? Mhuka kutsvaga howa

Truffle
?????????????????????????????????? ??????

Kutsvaga nekuunganidza truffles hakusi nyore: vanoda "kuvhima vakanyarara" vanoshandisa hunyengeri hwakawanda uye hunyengeri kuti vadzoke kumba neyavanoda. Iyo nzvimbo iyo iwe yaunogona kuwana truffles inowanzo kuve yakasarudzika nedzimwe dzisingagone zvinomera, pasi ine grey-ash color.

Iyo fungus haiwanzo kubuda pamusoro pevhu, kazhinji inovanda muvhu, asi iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa kune hillocks: kana zvaitaridzika kwauri kuti nzvimbo iri pano "truffle", usanyanyo simbe kuchera zvikomo zvishoma - unogona kugumburwa pamhuri yeanonaka howa.

Vanotora howa hwehunyanzvi hwechokwadi vachivhima truffles vanogona kuona "kutsemura" howa nekungorovera pasi netsvimbo, asi ichi chatova chiitiko chakawanikwa pamusoro pemakore. Kazhinji, midges iri kutenderera pamusoro peakakura matruffle, ayo anogona zvakare kubatsira mukutsvaga kweinonaka sango.

Mushroom truffle ndiyo inonhuwira yakasimba kwazvo, uye kana zvisingaiti kuti munhu aibate pasi pevhu, ipapo mhuka dzinoinzwa iri kure. Zviri pachokwadi ichi kuti nzira yacho yakavakirwa, apo mhuka dzakanyatsodzidziswa kutsvaga ma truffles: imbwa uye kunyangwe nguruve!

Zvinotoshamisa kuti nguruve iyi inokwanisa kunhuwa truffle iri chinhambwe chemamirimita makumi maviri neshanu. Ipapo anotanga kushingairira kuchera chinonaka, saka basa hombe rekutora howa kutsausa mhuka iyo painongo "ita kumira" pane howa.

Kune imbwa, iyo truffle pachayo haina kunyatso kunakidza maererano nechikafu, asi aya mana-makumbo "matikitivha" anofanirwa kudzidziswa kwenguva yakareba kuitira kuvadzidzisa kunhuwidza truffle.

Nenzira, yakanaka imbwa yekunhonga howa nhasi inogona kudhura anopfuura zviuru zvishanu euros.

Truffle

Inobatsira zvivakwa zve truffles

Izvo zvakasarudzika zvekudyara zvinhu zve truffles zvakagara zvichizivikanwa. Ivo akakodzera ese ari maviri ekugadzira mapai, sosi uye kuzadza mapayi, uye sekuwedzera kune yehuku uye yegungwa madhishi ndiro. Dzimwe nguva dzinogona kupihwa seyakasiyana dhishi. Truffles inogona kukohwewa kuti ishandiswe mune ramangwana nechando kana canning mune yepamusoro kogogisi.

Iyo truffle ine mapuroteni emuriwo, makabhohaidhiretsi, mavitamini eboka B, PP uye C, zvicherwa zvakasiyana, antioxidants, pheromones, izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro emanzwiro emunhu, uye yakawanda fiber.

Truffle muto wakanaka kune zvimwe zvirwere zvemaziso, uye pulp yehowa inounza zororo kune vanhu vanotambura negout. Iko hakuna akakosha kupesana kwekudya aya howa, iyo huru mamiriro ndeye kutsva kweiyo howa uye kusavapo kweanogadzikana maitiro kune penicillin muvanhu.

Truffle
Zum Themendienst-Bericht von Verena Wolff vom 22. Mai: Ein besonderer Pilz: In Istrien herrschen beste Bedingungen für Trüffel. (Die Veröffentlichung ist für dpa-Themendienst-Bezieher honarfrei.) Foto: Verena Wolff

5 Chokwadi chinonakidza nezve truffle

  1. Ripe truffles inofungidzirwa kuti ine anandamide, chinhu chinoshanda pane yehunhu hwemunhu nenzira yakafanana nembanje.
  2. Truffles anovhima husiku nekuda kwekuti mumhepo inotonhorera, imbwa dzinotsvaga kana nguruve zviri nani kubata hwema hwehowa.
  3. Pakutanga muItaly, nguruve dzakarovedzwa dzakabatanidzwa mukutsvaga nekuunganidza matruffle. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti ivo havangoparadze zvakanyanya ivhu repamusoro, asi zvakare vanoedza kudya nyama, vakatsiviwa nembwa.
  4. MuRussia, pamberi pa1917 chimurenga, mabheya akashandiswa kutsvaga truffles mushure mekubviswa mazino.
  5. Truffle inoonekwa sesimba rine aphrodisiac.

Leave a Reply