Mukati
Zita renyika dzese -, sekuwedzera kwekudya kunonziwo Retinol.
Fat-soluble vhitamini, chinhu chakakosha pakukura kwehutano, bhonzo uye mazino kuumbwa kwematishu, uye sero chimiro. Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya pakuonekwa kwehusiku, zvinofanirwa kudzivirira kubva kune kutapukirwa kwematishu ekufema, kugaya uye urinary maturakiti. Inotarisira kunaka uye huduku hweganda, hutano hwebvudzi uye misumari, maonero ekuona. Vitamin A inonyudzwa mumuviri nenzira yeRetinol, inowanikwa muchiropa, mafuta ehove, zai yolk, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka uye yakawedzerwa kune margarine. Carotene, iyo inoshandurwa kuita Retinol mumuviri, inowanikwa mumiriwo nemichero yakawanda.
Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa
Chekutanga chinodikanwa chekuwanikwa kweVitamin A uye mhedzisiro yekushomeka kwayo kwakabuda kumashure muna 1819, apo chiremba wezvemuviri wechiFrench uye wezvepfungwa Magendie akacherekedza kuti imbwa dzisina kudya zvinovaka muviri dzinogona kuwana maronda emukono uye dziine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekufa.
Muna 1912, nyanzvi yezve biochemist yeBritish Frederick Gowland Hopkins akawana zvinhu zvisingazivikanwe kusvika zvino mumukaka zvisina kufanana nemafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi, kana mapuroteni. Panyatsoongorora, zvakazoitika kuti ivo vakasimudzira kukura kwemakonzo erabhoritari. Pamusana pezvaakawana, Hopkins akagamuchira Mubairo weNobel muna 1929. Muna 1917, Elmer McCollum, Lafayette Mendel, naThomas Burr Osborne vakaonawo zvinhu zvakafanana pavaidzidza basa remafuta ezvokudya. Muna 1918, izvi "zvimwe zvinhu" zvakawanikwa zvichinyunguduka zvine mafuta, uye muna 1920 vakazonzi Vitamin A.
Vitamin A chikafu chakapfuma
Yakaratidza kuwanikwa kwekufungidzira mu100 g yechigadzirwa
| + 16 zvimwe zvekudya zvakapfuma muvhitamini A (huwandu hwe μg mu100 g yechigadzirwa chinoratidzwa): | |||||||
| Basil | 264 | Zizi zai | 156 | Mango | 54 | Tomato | 42 |
| Mbishi mbishi | 218 | ruomba | 124 | Fennel, mudzi | 48 | michero | 39 |
| Rosehip, muchero | 217 | Apricot | 96 | chilli | 48 | Broccoli | 31 |
| Zai mbishi | 160 | Leek | 83 | bhuratifuru | 46 | oysters | 8 |
Zuva nezuva chinodiwa vhitamini A
Kurudziro yevhitamini A yekudya yezuva nezuva inoenderana nemari inodiwa kuti upe Retinol kwemwedzi yakati kuti zvisati zvaitika. Iyi sosi inotsigira mashandiro emuviri uye inovimbisa kushanda kune hutano kwehutano hwekubereka, hutachiona, kuona uye geni chiitiko.
Muna 1993, European Scientific Committee on Nutrition yakaburitsa dhata pane yakakurudzirwa kutora vhitamini A:
| zera | Varume (mcg pazuva) | Vakadzi (mcg pazuva) |
| 6-12 mwedzi | 350 | 350 |
| 1-3 makore | 400 | 400 |
| 4-6 makore | 400 | 400 |
| 7-10 makore | 500 | 500 |
| 11-14 makore | 600 | 600 |
| 15-17 makore | 700 | 600 |
| Makore gumi nemaviri | 700 | 600 |
| Kuberekwa | - | 700 |
| Kubata kumeso | - | 950 |
Makomiti mazhinji eEuropean Nutrition, akadai seGerman Nutrition Society (DGE), anokurudzira 0,8 mg (800 mcg) evitamini A (Retinol) pazuva kuvakadzi uye 1 mg (1000 mcg) yevarume. Sezvo vhitamini A ichiita chinzvimbo chakakosha mukukura kwakanaka kwe "embryo" ne "achangozvarwa", vakadzi vane pamuviri vanorayirwa kutora 1,1 mg yevhitamini A kubva pamwedzi wechi4 wepamuviri. Vakadzi vari kuyamwisa vanofanirwa kuwana 1,5 mg yevhitamini A pazuva.
Muna 2015, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) yakasimbisa kuti kudya kwezuva nezuva kwevhitamini A kunofanirwa kunge kuri 750 mcg yevarume, 650 mcg yevakadzi, uye yevana vachangoberekwa nevana 250 kusvika 750 mcg yevhitamini A pazuva, uchifunga nezvezera . … Panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa, huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini hunofanira kupinda mumuviri nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kweRetinol munyama dze fetus naamai, pamwe nekudyiwa kweRetinol mumukaka wemuzamu, kwakaratidzwa muhuwandu hwemazana manomwe 700 mcg pazuva, zvichiteerana.
Muna 2001, American Food and Nutrition Board yakagadzirisawo kudya kunodiwa kwevhitamini A:
| zera | Varume (mcg pazuva) | Vakadzi (mcg pazuva) |
| 0-6 mwedzi | 400 | 400 |
| 7-12 mwedzi | 500 | 500 |
| 1-3 makore | 300 | 300 |
| 4-8 makore | 400 | 400 |
| 9-13 makore | 600 | 600 |
| 14-18 makore | 900 | 700 |
| Makore gumi nemaviri | 900 | 700 |
| Kubata (makore gumi nemasere uye mudiki) | - | 750 |
| Kubata (makore 19 zvichikwira) | - | 770 |
| Kuyamwisa (ane makore gumi nemasere uye mudiki) | - | 1200 |
| Kuyamwisa (makore 19 zvichikwira) | - | 1300 |
Sezvatinogona kuona, kunyange hazvo huwandu hwacho hunosiyana zvichienderana nemasangano akasiyana, iyo yekufungidzira kudya kwezuva nezuva kwevhitamini A kunoramba kuri padanho rakaenzana.
Iko kudikanwa kwevhitamini A kunowedzera ne:
- 1 kuwedzera uremu;
- 2 basa rinonetesa;
- 3 shanda pamashifu eusiku;
- 4 kutora chikamu mumakwikwi emitambo;
- 5 mamiriro anoshungurudza;
- 6 inoshanda mumamiriro ekuvhenekesa zvisina kufanira;
- 7 yekuwedzera ziso kushushikana kubva kune monitors;
- 8 kubata pamuviri, kuyamwisa;
- 9 matambudziko ane dumbu remudumbu;
- 10 ARVI.
Zvepanyama uye zvemakemikari zvivakwa
Vitamin A ivhitamini inonyungudika nemafuta inova yeboka remamorekuru ane chimiro chakafanana - retinoids - uye inowanikwa mune akati wandei makemikari mafomu: aldehydes (retinal), doro (Retinol), uye asidhi (retinoic acid). Muzvigadzirwa zvemhuka, iyo yakajairika fomu yevhitamini A is ester, kunyanya retinyl palmitate, iyo inogadzirwa muRetinol mudumbu diki. Provitamins - biochemical precursors yevhitamini A - iripo mukudya kwezvirimwa, izvo zvikamu zveboka re carotenoid. Carotenoids ma organic pigments anoitika zvakajairika mumakromoplasts ezvirimwa. Isingasviki 10% ye563 carotenoids inozivikanwa nesainzi inogona kugadzirwa kuita vhitamini A mumuviri.
Vhitamini A ine mafuta-soluble vhitamini. Iri izita reboka revhitamini, rekusanganisa iro iro muviri unoda kudya kwemafuta anodyiwa, maoiri kana lipid. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, zvekubika ,,,, avocados.
Vitamin A dhayeti yekuwedzera inowanzo kuwanikwa mumafuta-akazadzwa macapsule kuitira kuti vhitamini inyure zvizere nemuviri. Vanhu vasingadye mafuta ekudya akakwana vanowanzove vasina mavhitamini ane mafuta. Matambudziko akafanana anogona kuitika kune vanhu vane mashoma mafuta ekumwa. Neraki, zvinowanzoitika zvine mafuta-akanyungudika mavitamini anowanzo kuwanikwa muzvikafu zvine mafuta. Nekudaro, nekudya kwakakwana, kushomeka kwemavhitamini akadaro hakuwanzo.
Kuti vhitamini A kana carotene ipinde muropa muura hudiki, zvinodikanwa kuti ivo, semamwe mavhitaminzi ane mafuta, vabatanidzane nenyongo. Kana chikafu panguva ino chiine mafuta mashoma, saka bile diki rakavanzwa, izvo zvinotungamira mukusagadzikana uye kurasikirwa kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ecarotene uye vhitamini A mutsvina.
Inenge 30% ye beta-carotene inonwiwa kubva muzvikafu zvezvirimwa, inenge hafu ye beta-carotene inoshandurwa kuita vhitamini A. Kubva pa 6 mg ye carotene mumuviri, 1 mg vhitamini A inoumbwa, nekudaro shanduko yeuwandu ye carotene muhuwandu hwevhitamini A ndi1: 6.
Isu tinokurudzira kuti iwe uzvizive nezve assortment yeVitamin A pane yakakura kwazvo pasirese. Kune zvinopfuura 30,000 zvigadzirwa zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza, mitengo inoyevedza uye kukwidziridzwa nguva dzose, nguva dzose 5% dhisikaundi nekodhi promo CGD4899, yemahara yekutakura yepasirese iripo.
Izvo zvinobatsira zvevhitamini A
Vitamin A ine akati wandei mashandiro mumuviri. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye maitiro ayo pane chiratidzo. Retinyl ester inoendeswa kune iyo retina, iri mukati meziso, uko inoshandurwa kuita chinhu chinonzi 11-cis-retinal. Uyezve, 11-cis-retinal inoguma mumatanda (imwe yeiyo photoreceptors), uko inosangana neopsin protein uye inoita iyo inoonekwa pigment "rhodopsin". Rhodopsin-ine matanda anokwanisa kuona kunyangwe zvidiki zvishoma zvechiedza, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakuona kwehusiku. Iko kunwiwa kwe photon yechiedza kunogonesa shanduko ye 11-cis-retinal kudzoka kune ese-trans retina uye inotungamira mukuburitswa kwayo kubva ku protein. Izvi zvinokonzeresa cheni yezviitiko zvinotungamira kuchizvarwa chechiratidzo chemagetsi chemagetsi kune iyo optic nerve, iyo inogadziriswa uye kududzirwa nehuropi. Kushaikwa kweRetinol kunowanikwa kune iyo retina kunotungamira mukukanganisa kuchinjika kune rima rinozivikanwa sehusiku husiku.
Vitamin A muchimiro che retinoic acid inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa kwejeneti kutaura. Pane imwe nguva Retinol inoputirwa nesero, inogona kusanganiswa kune retinal, iyo inosanganiswa kune retinoic acid. Retinoic acid isimba rine morekuru rakasimba rinosunga kune akasiyana nyukireya receptors kuti atange kana kudzivisa maitiro ekutaura. Kuburikidza nemutemo wekutaurwa kwemajini chaiwo, retinoic acid inoita basa rakakosha musiyano wesero, chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemuviri.
Vitamin A inodiwa kuitira kujairika kushanda kwema immune system. Retinol nemetabolite yayo inodiwa kuti ichengetedze kutendeka uye mashandiro emaseru eganda uye mucous membranes (kufema, kugaya uye weti masisitimu). Aya matishu anoshanda sedziviriro uye ndiwo mutsara wekutanga wekuzvidzivirira kuzvirwere. Vitamin A inoita chinzvimbo chakakosha mukusimudzira nekusiyanisa kwemasero machena eropa, maLymphocyte, anova ndiwo makiyi ekupindura kwema immune system.
Vitamin A yakakosha mukukura kwembryonic, kutora chikamu chakananga mukukura kwemakumbo, kuumbwa kwemoyo, maziso nenzeve dze fetus. Uye zvakare, retinoic acid inokanganisa kutaura kweyekukura kemikari jeni. Zvese kushomeka uye kuwanda kwevhitamini A zvinogona kukonzera hurema hwekuzvara.
Vitamin A inoshandiswa mukusimudzira kwese kwemasero emadzinde kuita masero matsvuku eropa. Uye zvakare, vhitamini A inoita kunge inovandudza kuunganidzwa kwesimbi kubva mumatura mumuviri, ichinangisa kune irinokura reropa dzvuku reropa. Ikoko, simbi inosanganisirwa muhemoglobin - iyo inotakura okisijeni mune erythrocytes. Vitamin A metabolism inofungidzirwa kubatana pamwe uye nenzira dzinoverengeka. Kushomeka kweZinc kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekutakurwa kweRetinol, kuderera mukuburitswa kweRetinol muchiropa uye kuderera kwekushandurwa kweRetinol kuenda kune iro retina. Vitamin A zvinowedzera zvine pundutso kushomeka kwesimbi (anemia) uye kugadzirisa kunwa kwesimbi muvana nevakadzi vane nhumbu. Iko kusanganiswa kwevhitamini A nesimbi zvinoita kunge kunopora zvakanyanya pane kungowedzeredza simbi kana vhitamini A.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvakaratidza kuti vhitamini A, carotenoids, uye provitamin A carotenoids inogona kushanda mukudzivirira kukura kwehosha yemoyo. Iyo antioxidant chiitiko chevhitamini A uye carotenoids inopihwa ne hydrophobic cheni ye polyene mayuniti, ayo anogona kudzima singlet oksijeni (molekyumu okisijeni ine basa repamusoro), kudzikisira thiyl radicals, uye kudzikamisa peroxyl radicals. Muchidimbu, iyo yakareba keteni ye polyene, inokwidziridza kugadzikana kweiyo peroxyl radical. Nekuda kwechimiro chavo, vhitamini A uye carotenoids inogona kusanganiswa kana kushushikana kweO2 kuri kuwedzerwa uye nekudaro ndiwo anonyanya kushanda maantioxidants pane yakaderera oxygen kumanikidza ayo ari maitiro ehupenyu hwehuwandu hunowanikwa munyama. Pakazara, humbowo hwehutachiona hunoratidza kuti vhitamini A uye carotenoids zvakakosha zvekudya mukuderedza chirwere chemwoyo.
IEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA), iyo inopa rairo yesainzi kune vanogadzira mitemo, yasimbisa kuti anotevera hutano mabhenefiti akaonekwa aine vhitamini A kunwa:
- zvakajairika kupatsanurwa kwemasero;
- kujairika kukura uye mashandiro e immune system;
- kuchengetedza yakajairika mamiriro eganda uye mucous membranes;
- kuchengetedza kwemaonero;
- zvakajairika iron metabolism.
Vitamin A inoenderana zvakanyanya nemavhitamini C uye E uye zvicherwa simbi uye zinc. Vitamini C uye E zvinodzivirira vhitamini A kubva kune oxidation. Vitamin E inowedzera kunwa kwevhitamini A, asi chete mune zvinoitika apo vhitamini E inodyiwa mune zvidiki. Iyo yakakwira vhitamini E zvemukati mukudya, zvakare, inokanganisa kunwiwa kwevhitamini A. Zinc inobatsira kunwiwa kwevhitamini A nekutora chikamu mukutendeuka kwayo kuve Retinol. Vitamin A inowedzera kunwa kwesimbi uye inokanganisa mashandisirwo enzvimbo yesimbi iripo muropa.
Vitamin A inoshandawo nemavhitamini D uye K2, magnesium, uye mafuta ekudya. Mavhitamini A, D uye K2 anoshanda synergistically kutsigira immune immune, kukurudzira kukura kwakaringana, kuchengetedza bone uye mazino hutano, uye kudzivirira zvinyoro zvinyoro kubva ku calcification. Magnesium yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni ese, kusanganisira iwo anoshanda nemavhitamini A uye D. Mazhinji emapuroteni anobatanidzwa mune metabolism yevhitamini A uye zvinogamuchirwa zvevitamini A uye D zvinoshanda nemazvo chete pamberi pezinc.
Vitamin A uye D zvakare vanoshanda pamwechete kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwemamwe mapuroteni-anoenderana nemapuroteni. Kamwe vhitamini K yadzora mapuroteni aya, iwo anobatsira kuita mashoma mapfupa nemeno, kuchengetedza arteri uye mamwe matishu akapfava kubva ku calcification isina kujairika, uye kudzivirira kubva pasero kufa.
Zvokudya zveVitamin A zvinonyanya kudyiwa nezvokudya zvine "utano" mafuta. Semuenzaniso, sipinashi, iyo yakawanda muvhitamini A uye lutein, inokurudzirwa kusanganiswa nayo. Izvo zvakafanana zvinoenda kune lettuce uye makaroti, izvo zvinofamba zvakanaka nema avocados mumasaladhi. Sezvo mutemo, zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvakapfuma muvhitamini A zvinotova nemafuta akawanda, akakwana kuti atore. Kana iri miriwo nemichero, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera zvishoma zvemafuta emiriwo ku saladhi kana muto mutsva wakasvinwa - nenzira iyi tichava nechokwadi chokuti muviri uchagamuchira vitamini inodiwa zvakakwana.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo yakanakisa sosi yevhitamini A kunyanya, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira, ndeyekudya kwakaringana uye zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo, pane zvekudya zvinowedzera. Kushandisa mavhitaminzi muchimiro chemishonga, zviri nyore kwazvo kuita chikanganiso nemuyero uye kuwana zvakawanda kupfuura zvinodiwa nemuviri. Kuwandisa kweimwe kana imwe vhitamini kana mineral mumuviri kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba. Ngozi yekuva nezvirwere zveoncological inogona kuwedzera, mamiriro ese emuviri anoderera, metabolism uye basa reorgan system zvinokanganiswa. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwevhithamini mumapiritsi kunofanira kuitwa chete kana zvichidiwa uye mushure mekubvunzurudza chiremba.
Kushanda mumushonga
Kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwevhitamini A kwakatemwa mune inotevera kesi:
- kushomeka kwevhitamini A, kunogona kuitika kune vanhu vane kushomeka kweprotein, gland yakanyanyisa, fivha, chirwere chechiropa, cystic fibrosis, kana chirwere chakagara nhaka chinonzi abelatipoproteinemia.
- nekenza yemazamu. Vakadzi vePremenopausal vane nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazamu vanoshandisa huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini A mukudya kwavo vanofungidzirwa kudzikisa njodzi yavo yekuva nekenza yemazamu. Hazvizivikanwe kana vhitamini A yekuwedzera ine zvakafanana maitiro.
- … Kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti kudya kwakanyanya kwevhitamini A mukudya kunotungamira kunjodzi yakadzikira yekubatwa nemaziso.
- nemanyoka anokonzerwa ne. Kutora vhitamini A pamwe nemishonga yakajairika zvinoita kunge kunoderedza njodzi yekufa nemanyoka muvana vane hutachiona hweHIV vane kushomeka kwevhitamini A.
- … Kutora vhitamini A nemuromo kunoderedza zviratidzo zvemarariya muvana vari pasi pemakore matatu ekuberekwa munzvimbo dzinowanikwa malaria.
- … Kutora vhitamini A nemuromo kunoderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa kana kufa negwirikwiti muvana vane gwirikwiti vanoshaya vhitamini A.
- ane maronda anonamira mumuromo (muromo leukoplakia). Kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti kutora vhitamini A kunogona kubatsira kubata maronda ekutanga mumuromo.
- kana uchipora kubva pakuvhiya kwemaziso laser. Kutora vhitamini A nemuromo pamwe ne vhitamini E inovandudza kupora mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwemaziso laser.
- nematambudziko mushure mekubata pamuviri. Kutora vhitamini A kunoderedza njodzi yemanyoka nefivha mushure mekuzvitakura mumadzimai asina kudya.
- nematambudziko panguva yekuzvitakura. Kutora vhitamini A nemuromo kunoderedza njodzi yekufa uye husiku hupofu panguva yekuzvitakura mumadzimai asina kudya.
- yezvirwere zvemaziso zvinokanganisa iyo retina (retinitis pigmentosa). Kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti kutora vhitamini A kunogona kunonoka kufambira mberi kwezvirwere zvemaziso zvinokuvadza iro retina.
Iyo pharmacological fomu yevhitamini A inogona kuve yakasiyana. Mukurapa, inowanikwa muchimiro chemapiritsi, madonhwe ekutungamirwa kwemuromo, madonhwe ekutungamira kwemuromo mune oiri fomu, macapsule, oily solution ye intramuscular administration, oily solution yekutaurisa kwemuromo, muchimiro chemapiritsi akafukidzwa nefirimu. Vitamini A inotorwa seprophylaxis uye pakurapa, sekutonga, maminetsi gumi kusvika gumi mushure mekudya. Mhinduro dzemafuta dzinotorwa kana malabsorption iri mudumbu kana mune chirwere chakakomba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kurapwa kwenguva refu kuchidikanwa, mhinduro yejekiseni retsono inosanganiswa nemacapsule. Mu pharmacology, vhitamini A inowanzo kutaurwa muInternational Units. Nekushomeka kune hunyoro kusvika pakati nepakati mavitamini, vanhu vakuru vanonyorerwa zviuru makumi matatu nematatu zveMunyika Yose pazuva; pamwe hemeralopia, xerophthalmia - 10-15 zviuru IU / zuva; vana - 33-50 zviuru IU / zuva, zvichienderana nezera; yezvirwere zveganda kune vakuru - 100-1 zviuru IU / zuva; vana - 5-50 zviuru IU / zuva.
Mushonga wechivanhu unopa zano kushandisa vhitamini A semushonga weganda rinoputika uye risina kunaka. Nokuda kweizvi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mafuta ehove, chiropa, mafuta uye mazai, pamwe chete nemiriwo yakawanda mu vitamini A - dzungu, apricot, karoti. Ichangobva kusvinwa karoti juice pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwekrimu kana mafuta emiriwo mushonga wakanaka wekushayikwa. Imwe mishonga yevanhu yekuwana vhitamini inonzi decoction ye tubers ye potbelly tuber - inoshandiswa se tonic, restorative uye antirheumatic agent. Mbeu yeflakisi inoonekwawo seyakakosha sosi yevhitamini A, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira, izvo zvinoshandiswa mukati uye sechikamu chekunze masikisi, mafuta ekuzora uye decoctions. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini A huri mumisoro yemakaroti, kunyange kupfuura muchero pachayo. Inogona kushandiswa pakubika, pamwe nekuita decoction, iyo inoshandiswa mukati senzira yemwedzi.
Chazvino Sayenzi Ongororo paVitamin A:
Vatsvagiri veCase Western Reserve University Chikoro cheMishonga vakaona kuti isingadzorwe metabolism yemavitamini A mumatumbu inogona kukonzera kuzvimba kune njodzi. Kuwanikwa kwacho kunosimbisa chinongedzo pakati pezvakagadzirwa zvekudya uye zvirwere zvinoputika - uye maronda gut chirwere.
Vatsvagiri vakawana nzvimbo yebazi muvhitamini A metabolic nzira inotsamira pane chaiyo protein inonzi ISX. Kutanga kwenzira ndeye beta-carotene - chinhu chinovaka muviri chine pigmented, nekuda kweiyo ruvara rwetapirati uye karoti inoumbwa. Beta-carotene inoshandurwa kuita vhitamini A mudumbu rekudya. Kubva ipapo, chikamu chikuru chevhitamini A chinotakurwa kune mamwe matishu, kuve nechokwadi chekuona kwakanaka uye mamwe mabasa akakosha. Muchidzidzo chembeva dzakabviswa ISX, masayendisiti akaona kuti puroteni inobatsira muviri kuenzanisa maitiro aya. Mapuroteni anobatsira hutumbu hudiki kuona Inguva yakareba sei beta-carotene inodiwa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nemuviri zvevhitamini A. Masero ekudzivirira anotsamira pane iyi nzira yekudzora kuti iite zvakanaka kune chikafu chinopinda mudumbu diki. Izvi zvinopa chipingamupinyi chinoshanda kurwisa zvingangoitika zvine chekuita nechikafu. Vatsvagiri vakawana kuti kana ISX isipo, maseru edziviriro ari mudumbu rekudya anove akawandisa-kupindura kune beta-carotene-yakaremerwa chikafu. Mhedzisiro yavo inoratidza kuti ISX ndiyo huru link pakati pezvatinodya uye gut immune immune. Masayendisiti akagumisa kuti kubvisa ISX protein inomhanyisa kutaura kwejini rinoshandura beta carotene kuita vhitamini A mazana maviri. Nekuda kweizvi, ISX-yakabviswa mbeva yakagamuchira yakawandisa yevhitamini A uye yakatanga kuishandura kuita retinoic acid, molecule inogadzirisa kushanda kwemajini mazhinji, kusanganisira ayo anoumba kusadzivirirwa. Izvi zvakakonzera kuzvimba kwenzvimbo sezvo masero ekudzivirira akazadza nzvimbo muura pakati pedumbu necolon ndokutanga kuwanda. Uku kuzvimba kwakanyanya kwakapararira kune pancreas uye kwakakonzera immunodeficiency mumakonzo.
Ongororo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti vhitamini A inowedzera chiitiko che insulin-inogadzira producing-maseru. Masayendisiti akawana kuti insulin-inogadzira beta maseru ane huwandu hwakawanda hweanogamuchira pameso avo anonzwisisa vhitamini A. Vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti izvi imhaka yekuti vhitamini A inoita basa rakakosha mukukudziridzwa kwemasero e beta mumatanho ekutanga ehupenyu. , pamwe nekururamisa uye kushanda mukati mehupenyu hwese, kunyanya panguva yepathophysiological mamiriro - ndiko kuti, nezvimwe zvirwere zvinoputira.
Kuti vadzidze kukosha kwevhitamini A mune chirwere cheshuga, vaongorori vakashanda nemaseru insulin kubva kumakonzo, vanhu vane hutano, uye vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga cheshuga. Masayendisiti akadzivira zvishoma nezvishoma ma receptors uye akapa varwere shuga. Vakaona kuti kugona kwemasero kuburitsa insulin kwakaderera. Maitiro akafanana anogona kucherechedzwa kana tichienzanisa insulin maseru kubva kune vanopa nerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Masero kubva kuvarwere vane rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga anga asingakwanise kuburitsa insulin zvichienzaniswa nemasero kubva kuvanhu vasina chirwere cheshuga. Masayendisiti akawana zvakare kuti beta masero 'kuramba kuzvimba kunoderedzwa mukushaikwa kwevhitamini A. Kana vhitamini A isipo, masero anofa. Ichi chidzidzo chinogona zvakare kuve nechinoreva kune mamwe marudzi erudzi rwe2 chirwere cheshuga, kana beta maseru asina kugadzirwa zvakanaka mumatanho ekutanga ehupenyu. “Sezvazvakava pachena mushure mekudzidza nemhuka, mbeva dzichangobarwa dzinoda vhitamini A kuitira kukura kwakazara kwemasero eBeta. Tine chokwadi chekuti zvakafanana muvanhu. Vana vanofanirwa kuwana vhitamini A yakakwana mukudya kwavo, ”akadaro Albert Salehi, Senior Research Fellow paDiabetes Center paLund University kuSweden.
Masayendisiti paYunivhesiti yeLund muSweden vakawana chiitiko chisina kumboongororwa chevhitamini A pane kukura kwemurume. Tsvagurudzo yavo inoratidza kuti vhitamini A ine zvainoita pakuumbwa kwemasero eropa. Mamorekuru ekuratidzira anozivikanwa se retinoic acid chibereko chevhitamini A icho chinobatsira kuona kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzenyama dzinoita sei mumwana ari kukura.
Chidzidzo chisati chamboitika nerabhoritari yaPurofesa Niels-Bjarn Woods paLund Stam Cell Center muSweden yakaratidza mhedzisiro ye retinoic acid mukukudziridzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa uye maplatelet kubva kumasero esimbi. Mu laboratori, masero emadzviti akafurirwa nemamwe mamorekore anoratidza, achichinja kuita mashematopoietic maseru. Masayendisiti akacherekedza kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwe retinoic acid inokurumidza kudzikisa huwandu hwesero reropa rakagadzirwa. Iko kuderera kwe retinoic acid, zvakare, kwakawedzera kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa ne300%. Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti vhitamini A inodikanwa pane yakajairika nzira yekuzvitakura, zvakaonekwa kuti kuwandisa vhitamini A kunokuvadza iyo embryo, kuunza njodzi yekukanganisa kana kubviswa kwepamuviri. Mukuona kweizvi, vakadzi vane nhumbu vanokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kudzora kudyiwa kwezvikafu zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini A muchimiro che retinoid, senge, semuenzaniso, chiropa. “Mhedzisiro yetsvagurudzo yedu inoratidza kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini A hunokanganisa hematopoiesis. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vakadzi vakazvitakura vanofanirwawo kunzvenga kudya kwakanyanya kwevhitamini A, ”anodaro Niels-Bjarn Woods.
Vitamin A mu cosmetology
Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa kuganda rine hutano uye rine toni. Paunogamuchira huwandu hwakakwana hwevhitamini, unogona kukanganwa nezvematambudziko akadai sekuneta kweganda, mavara ezera, acne, kuoma.
Vitamin A mune yayo yakachena, yakadzika fomu inogona kuwanikwa nyore muma pharmacy, muchimiro che capsules, mafuta mhinduro uye ampoules. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti ichi chinhu chakanyatsoshanda chikamu, saka, chinofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera, uye zvichida mushure memakore makumi matatu nemashanu. Cosmetologists inokurudzira kugadzira masikisi ane vhitamini A panguva yekutonhora uye kamwe chete pamwedzi. Kana pane zvinopesana nekushandiswa kwemishonga vhitamini A mukuumbwa kwemasikisi, unogona kuchitsiva nezvigadzirwa zvechisikigo zvakapfuma muvhitamini iyi - kalina, parsley, sipinashi, mazai evha, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, nhanga, karoti, mafuta ehove, algae.
Kune akawanda mapeji emasikisi ane vitamin A. Vanowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvine mafuta - fatty sour cream, burdock mafuta. Vitamin A (mafuta mhinduro uye Retinol acetate) inoshanda zvakanaka nealoe muto, oatmeal uye uchi. Kuti ubvise kutevedzera wrinkles uye mavanga pasi pemaziso, unogona kushandisa musanganiswa wevhitamini A uye chero mafuta emiriwo, kana mushonga weAevit, uyo watova nezvose vhitamini A uye vhitamini E. Mushonga wakanaka wekudzivirira uye wekurapa weacne mask ane pasi, vhitamini A mune ampoule kana shoma shoma yezinc mafuta, inoshandiswa 2 kanomwe pamwedzi. Muhupo hwekusagadzikana, maronda akazaruka uye kukanganisa kweganda, chero zvirwere zvayo, unofanira kurega kushandisa masikisi akadaro.
Vitamin A yakanakawo kune hutano hwembambo kana yakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinongedzo. Semuenzaniso, unogona kugadzirira mask yemaoko ine vhitamini yemvura A, B, uye D, mafuta eruwoko ruomba, muto weremoni, uye donhwe reiodine. Uyu musanganiswa unofanirwa kushandiswa paganda remaoko uye mahwendefa ezvipikiri, kukwiza kwemaminetsi makumi maviri uye kusiya kutora. Kuita maitiro aya nguva dzose kunovandudza mamiriro ezvipikiri zvako nemaoko.
Mhedzisiro yevhitamini A pane hutano hwebvudzi uye runako haifanire kutarisirwa. Inogona kuwedzerwa kumashampoos (pakarepo pamberi penzira imwe neimwe, kuitira kuti urege kusvibiswa kwechinhu kana ichiwedzerwa kune yose shampoo package), mumasikisi - kuwedzera kubwinya, kupfava kwesimba rebvudzi. Sezvakaita kumeso kumeso, vhitamini A inokurudzirwa kuti ibatanidzwe nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa - vhitamini E, maoiri akasiyana siyana, decoctions (chamomile, horsetail), (yehunyoro), masitadhi kana mhiripiri (kukurumidza kukura kwebvudzi). Mari idzi dzinofanirwa kushandiswa nekuchenjerera kune avo vari allergiki kune yemishonga vhitamini A uye kune avo vane vhudzi ravo rinowanzoenderana nemafuta akawanda.
Vitamin A mune zvipfuyo, chirimwa nemaindasitiri
Inowanikwa muhuswa hwakasvibirira, alfalfa uye mamwe mafuta ehove, vhitamini A, neimwe nzira inozivikanwa seRetinol, ndiyo imwe yehutano hunodiwa pahutano hwehuku. Vitamin A kushomeka kunotungamira kune mashoma mapapiro pamwe nehutera, ziso nemuromo matambudziko, kunyangwe kusvika pakukuvara. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa ndechekuti kushayikwa kwevhitamini A kunogona kunonoka kukura.
Vitamin A ine hupenyu hwakareba hwakareba uye, semhedzisiro, chikafu chakaomeswa chakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba chinogona kunge chisina mavitamini A. Akakwana pakurwara kana kunetseka, immune system yeshiri iyi haina kusimba. Nekuwedzera kosi ipfupi yevhitamini A yekudyisa kana kudiridza, kumwe kurwara kunogona kudzivirirwa, sezvo pasina vhitamini A yakakwana, shiri dzinogona kutapukirwa noutachiona hwakawanda hunokuvadza.
Vitamin A zvakare yakakosha pakukura kwakanaka kwezvipuka, kuchengetedza kudya kwakanaka, kupfeka hutano uye hutachiona.
Chokwadi chinonakidza nezve vhitamini A
- ndiyo vhitamini yekutanga yakawanikwa nevanhu;
- polar bere chiropa chakapfuma mu vitamini A zvekuti kudya chiropa chose kunogona kuuraya vanhu;
- vangangoita 259 kusvika 500 miriyoni evana vanorasikirwa nemeso avo gore rega rega nekuda kwekushomeka kwevhitamini A;
- muzvizoro, vhitamini A inowanzo kuwanikwa pasi pemazita Retinol acetate, retinyl linoleate uye retinyl palmitate;
- Vitamini A-yakasungwa mupunga, yakagadzirwa makore gumi nemashanu apfuura, inogona kudzivirira mazana ezviuru zvezviitiko zveupofu muvana. Asi nekuda kwekunetseka nezve chikafu chinogadziriswa, haina kumbobvira yaiswa mukugadzirwa.
Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvevhitamini A, zvinopesana uye yambiro
Vitamini A inonyatsopokana netembiricha yakakwira, asi inoparadzwa nezuva. Naizvozvo, chengetedza vitamini-zvakapfuma zvekudya uye zvekuwedzera zvekurapa munzvimbo ine rima.
Zviratidzo zveVhitamin A Kushomeka
Vitamin A kushomeka kunowanzoitika nekuda kwekukwana kudya kwezvikafu zvine vhitamini A yakawanda, beta-carotene kana imwe proitamin A carotenoids; ayo anogadziriswa vhitamini A mumuviri. Mukuwedzera kune zvinetso zvekudya, kunyanya kunwa doro uye malabsorption inogona kukonzera kushayikwa kwevhitamini A.
Chiratidzo chekutanga chekushomeka kwevhitamini A chakakanganiswa kuona murima, kana husiku hupofu. Yakanyanya kana yakareba-nguva vhitamini A kushomeka kunokonzeresa shanduko mumasero eiyo cornea, ayo anozopedzisira aendesa kune maronda emaronda. Kushomeka kweVitamin A pakati pevana munyika dzichiri kusimukira ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekupofomara.
Kushomeka kweVitamin A kwakabatanawo ne immunodeficiency, kudzikisira kugona kurwisa hutachiona. Kunyangwe vana vane hushoma vhitamini A kushomeka vane huwandu hwakanyanya hwechirwere chekufema uye manyoka, pamwe nehurefu hwekufa kubva kuzvirwere zvinotapukira (kunyanya), zvichienzaniswa nevana vanodya zvakakwana vhitamini A. Uyezve, kushomeka kwevhitamini A kunogona kukonzera kukanganisika kukura uye mapfupa kuumbwa muvana nevechiri kuyaruka. Mune vanoputa, kushomeka kwevhitamini A kunogona kukonzera chirwere chisingaperi chisingachinji chemapapu (COPD) uye emphysema, iyo inofungidzirwa kuwedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu.
Zviratidzo zvekuwedzeredza Vitamin A
Acute vhitamini A hypervitaminosis inokonzerwa neakanyanya madosi eRetinol, ayo anokurumidza kunyudzwa uye anoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mumuviri, ishoma. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kusvotwa, kurwadziwa nemusoro, kuneta, kurasikirwa nechido, dzungu, ganda rakaoma, uye cerebral edema. Kune zvidzidzo zvinoratidzira kuti kuwandisa kwevhitamini A mumuviri kunogona kutungamira mukuvandudza osteoporosis. Zvimwe zvinogadzirwa neRetinol zvigadzirwa (semuenzaniso tretinate, isotretinoin, tretinoin) zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa mu "embryo" uye nekudaro hazvifanirwe kushandiswa panguva yekuzvitakura kana pakuedza kubata. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, beta-carotene inoonekwa seyakachengeteka vhitamini A.
Mhedzisiro kubva kuBeta-Carotene uye Retinol Efficacy Study (CARET) inoratidza kuti kwenguva refu vhitamini A (Retinol) uye beta-carotene yekuwedzera inofanirwa kudzivirirwa mukureba kwenguva muvanhu vari panjodzi huru yekenza yemapapu, senge vanosvuta uye vanhu vakafumurwa. kune asbestosi.
Kudyidzana nemimwe mishonga yemishonga
Vitamin A, iyo yatopinda muropa, inotanga kuputsika nekukurumidza kana muviri ukashaiwa vhitamini E. Uye kana vhitamini B4 (choline) isipo, saka vhitamini A haina kuchengetwa kuti ishandiswe mune ramangwana. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inofungidzirwa kuti inoderedza zvishoma zvinoitika zvevhitamini A. Pamusoro pezvo, vhitamini A inogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yechinhu chinonzi isotretinoin uye inokonzeresa mhedzisiro.
Isu takaunganidza akakosha mapoinzi nezve vhitamini A mumufananidzo uyu uye isu tinotenda kana iwe ukagovana pikicha pasocial network kana blog, ine chinongedzo kune ino peji.
- Wikipedia chinyorwa "Vitamin A"
- IBritish Medical Association. AZ Mhuri Medical Encyclopedia
- Maria Polevaya. Makarotsi anorwisa mamota uye urolithiasis.
- Vladimir Kallistratov Lavrenov. Encyclopedia yeMagariro Ekurapa Zvirimwa.
- Mapuroteni anogadzirisa vhitamini A metabolic nzira, inodzivirira kuzvimba,
- Basa revhitamini A mune chirwere cheshuga,
- Pakutanga kusazivikanwa mhedzisiro yevhitamini A yakazivikanwa,
- Walter A. Droessler. Zvinonaka sei kudya uye kutaridzika zvakanaka (p. 64)
- USDA Chikafu Kuumbwa Dhatabhesi,
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