Vitamin B9
Izvo zvirimo muchinyorwa
Binonzi tsananguro

Folic acid iine mvura-inogadziriswa vhitamini. Iye anozivikanwawo se folate uye vhitamini B-9… Inotamba rakakosha basa mukukamura nekugadzira maseru mune dzimwe nhengo nemongo wemabhonzo. Basa rakakosha re folic acid kubatsirawo kuumba musana uye musana we "fetus" mudumbu. Kufanana nemamwe mavitamini B, folic acid inosimudzira kugadzirwa kwesimba mumuviri.

Mumuviri wedu, coenzymes yevhitamini B9 (folate) inopindirana neyese-kabhoni mayunitsi mune akasiyana siyana maitiro akakosha kune metabolism ye nucleic acids uye amino acids. Folate inodiwa kuchengetedza chiitiko chakakosha chemasero ese.

Aya mazwi folate, folate uye vhitamini B9 anowanzo shandiswa zvakafanana. Nepo folate iripo mune zvese zvekudya uye nemuviri wemunhu mune metabolism inoshanda fomu, folate inowanzo shandiswa mumavitamini ekuwedzera uye chikafu chakakomberedzwa.

Mamwe mazita: folic acid, folacin, folate, pteroylglutamic acid, vhitamini B9, vhitamini Bc, vhitamini M.

Chemical fomura: C19H19N7O6

Vitamin B9 chikafu chakapfuma

Yakaratidza kuwanikwa kwekufungidzira mu100 g yechigadzirwa:

Turkey chiropa677 μg
Edamame bhinzi, chando303 μg
Romaine saladhi 136 μg
Pinto bhinzi118 μg
+ 28 zvimwe zvekudya zvakapfuma muvhitamini B9 (huwandu hwe μg mu100 g yechigadzirwa chinoratidzwa):
Arugula97Bhinzi dzvuku, dzakabikwa47Celery36Honey mavise19
Flaxseeds87Izai huku47Orenji30kohlrabi16
Kuchengetedza81maarumondi44kiwi25Tomato15
Broccoli63White kabichi43Strawberries24matapiri15
Curly kabichi62Mango43Raspberry21bhuratifuru13
Brussels inomera61Chibage42bhanana20ndimu11
Koliflower57papaya37Karoti19Bhero mhiripiri10

Zuva nezuva chinodiwa vhitamini B9

Kuti uwane kudya kwezuva nezuva kwevhitamini B9, iyo inonzi "chikafu folate yakaenzana“(Muchirungu - DFE). Icho chikonzero cheichi ndiko kutora kuri nani kweyakagadzirwa folic acid kana ichienzaniswa neakasikwa folate yakawanikwa kubva muchikafu. PFE inotaridzwa seinotevera:

  • 1 microgram yefolate kubva pakudya yakaenzana 1 microgram yePPE
  • 1 microgram yefolate yakatorwa kana kubva kuchikafu chakasimbiswa chakaenzana 1,7 micrograms dzePPE
  • 1 microgram ye folate (inogadzirwa yekudya yekuwedzera) yakatorwa pane isina chinhu mudumbu yakaenzana 2 ma micrograms ePPE.

Semuenzaniso: Kubva pakudya chine 60 mcg yechisikirwo folate, muviri unogamuchira 60 mcg yeChikafu Chakaenzana. Kubva pakushandira 60 mcg yeSynthetic Folic Acid Yakasimbiswa Pasita, tinowana 60 * 1,7 = 102 mcg Chikafu chakaenzana. Uye imwe 400 mcg folic acid piritsi inotipa 800 mcg yeChikafu Chakaenzana.

Muna 2015, European Scientific Committee on Nutrition yakasimbisa zvinotevera kudya kwezuva nezuva kwevhitamini B9:

zeraYakakurudzirwa Mari YeMurume (mcg Dietary Folate Yakaenzana / zuva)Yakakurudzirwa Mari, Mukadzi (mcg Dietary Folate Yakaenzana / zuva / zuva)
7-11 mwedzi80 magiramu80 magiramu
1-3 makore120 magiramu120 magiramu
4-6 makore140 magiramu140 magiramu
7-10 makore200 magiramu200 magiramu
11-14 makore270 magiramu270 magiramu
Makore gumi nemaviri330 magiramu330 magiramu
Kuberekwa-600 magiramu
Kubatana-500 magiramu

Nekuda kwekuti vhitamini B9 inoita basa rakakosha kwazvo pakuzvitakura, kudya kwezuva nezuva kwevakadzi vane pamuviri kwakakwira zvakapetwa zvakapetwa pane zvakajairwa zuva nezuva. Nekudaro, embryonic neural tube fomati inowanzoitika mukadzi asati aziva kuti ane nhumbu, uye panguva ino iyo folic acid inogona kutora chinzvimbo chakakosha. Nechikonzero ichi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kugara uchitora vhitamini makosi ane 400 mcg ye folic acid. Zvinotendwa kuti kunyangwe nedosi yakadaro uye kushandiswa kwezvikafu zvine folate, zvinokwanisika kudarika huwandu hwakachengeteka hwevhitamini B9 pazuva - 1000 mcg.

Kuwedzera kudiwa kwemuviri wevhitamini B9

Kazhinji, kushomeka kwakanyanya kweB9 mumuviri hakuwanzoitika, zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vari mungozi yekushomeka. Aya mapoka ndeaya:

  • vanhu vakapindwa muropa nedoro: doro rinokanganisa metabolism ye folate mumuviri uye rinomhanyisa kuparara kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vane chidhakwa havawanzowana zvinovaka muviri uye havawani vhitamini B9 yakakwana kubva muchikafu.
  • vakadzi vezera rekubereka: Vakadzi vakaorera vanofanirwa kutora yakakwana folic acid kuti vadzivise kukura kweiyo neural chubhu hurema mu "embryo" mumatanho ekutanga epamuviri.
  • vakadzi vane pamuviri: Panguva yekuzvitakura, vhitamini B9 inoita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa kweiyo nucleic acid.
  • vanhu vane hurombo hwekugaya: Zvirwere senge tropical fever, celiac chirwere uye sore bowel syndrome, gastritis, inogona kukanganisa folate yekumwa.

Chemical uye zvepanyama zvivakwa

Folic acid chinhu yeyero yekristalline chinhu, inogadzikana zvishoma mumvura, asi isingasviki mune ane mafuta solvents. Kuramba kudziya chete mune alkaline kana kwazvakarerekera mhinduro. Yakaparadzwa nechiedza chezuva. Ine hwema hushoma kana husina kana.

Maumbirwo uye chimiro

Dhayeti mafurati anowanikwa zvakanyanya mu polyglutamate fomu (ine akati wandei magutamate masara), nepo folic acid, inogadzirwa vhitamini fomu, iri monoglutamate, iyo ine chikamu chimwe chete chegutamate. Uye zvakare, folate yemusikirwo yakaderedzwa mamorekuru uremu hwemorekuru, nepo folic acid yakanyungudutswa zvachose. Aya makemikari misiyano ane zvakakosha pakuratidzika kweiyo bioavailability yevhitamini, ine folic acid iri kunyanya kuwanikwa bioava pane zvakasarudzika zvinoitika zvekudya pamatanho akaenzana ekudya.

Folic acid molecule ine zvikamu zvitatu: glutamic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid uye pterin. Molecular Fomula - C19H19N7O6… Mavitamini akasiyana-siyana eB9 anosiyana kubva kune mumwe muuwandu hwemapoka e glutamic acid aripo. Semuenzaniso, folic acid ine imwechete yeLactobacillus casei Fermentation factor matatu uye Bc conjugate yemapoka manomwe e glutamic acid. Conjugates (kureva., Makemikari ane anopfuura rimwe gutamic acid boka pamorekuru) haabatsiri mune mamwe marudzi nekuti idzi mhando dzinoshaya enzyme inodiwa kuburitsa iyo yemahara vhitamini.

Isu tinokurudzira kuti iwe uzvizive iwe nezve huwandu hwefolic acid pane yakakura kwazvo pasirese. Kune zvinopfuura 30,000 zvigadzirwa zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza, mitengo inoyevedza uye kukwidziridzwa nguva dzose, nguva dzose 5% dhisikaundi nekodhi promo CGD4899, yemahara yekutakura yepasirese iripo.

Inobatsira zvivakwa uye mhedzisiro pamuviri

Zvakanakira vhitamini B9 yemuviri:

  • inokanganisa maitiro ehutano hwakanaka hwepamuviri uye kukura kwakanaka kweiyo fetus: folic acid inodzivirira kukura kwekuremara muhurongwa hwemitsipa yemucheche, kushomeka, kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana, uye izvi zvinoitika mumatanho ekutanga epamuviri.
  • antidepressant: folic acid inofungidzirwa kubatsira kubata kushushikana uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwepamoyo.
  • inobatsira mupuroteni metabolism.
  • Kupesana: Vitamin B9 inoonekwa seyakasimba antioxidant inobatsira kuburitsa chepfu kubva mumuviri uye nekuvandudza mamiriro eganda.
  • Kuchengetedza Hutano Hwemoyo: Kudya folic acid inoderedza mwero wehomocysteine ​​eropa, ayo anogona kukwidziridzwa uye anogona kukuisa panjodzi yechirwere chemwoyo. Uye zvakare, iyo yakaoma B mavitamini, ayo anosanganisira folic acid, inoderedza njodzi yekukura.
  • Kuderedza njodzi yekenza: Pane humbowo hwekuti kusakwana kwekudya kwehukama kunoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwekenza yemazamu muvakadzi.

Folic acid metabolism mumuviri

Folate inoshanda se coenzyme mu nucleic acid synthesis uye amino acid metabolism. Pane imwe nguva mumuviri, chikafu chinodyiwa chakadonhedzwa kuchimiro che monoglutamate mumatumbo vasati vanyurwe neanoshanda ekufambisa zvinhu kuburikidza neiyo mucous membrane. Usati wapinda muropa, iyo monoglutamate fomu inoderedzwa kuita tetrahydrofolate (THF) uye inoshandurwa kuita methyl kana formyl fomu. Iyo huru fomu yefolate muplasma ndeye 5-methyl-THF. Folic acid inogona kuwanikwa isina kuchinjika muropa (isina kugadziriswa folic acid), asi hazvizivikanwe kana fomu iri riine chero chiitiko chehupenyu.

Kuti folate uye ma coenzymes ayo ayambuke membrane yesero, vatakuri vanodiwa vanodiwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira yakaderedzwa folate mutakuri (RFC), proton yakasanganiswa folate mutakuri (PCFT), uye folate receptor mapuroteni, FRcy uye FRβ. Folate homeostasis inotsigirwa nekuwanda kuri kuwanda kwevanotakura vanhu, kunyange hazvo huwandu uye kukosha kuchisiyana mumatumbu akasiyana emuviri. PCFT inoita basa rakakosha mukunyepedzera kwekuchinja nekuti shanduko inokanganisa iyo gene encoding PCFT inokonzeresa nhaka yekufa malabsorption. PCFT inokanganisa zvakare inoguma nekutadza kufambisa folate kuenda kuuropi. FRa neRFC zvakare yakakosha pakufambisa folate kuyambuka chipingamupinyi pakati peiyo circulatory system uye yepakati tsinga system. Folate yakakosha pakukudziridzwa kwakakodzera kwe "embryo" ne "fetus". Iyo placenta inozivikanwa kuve inokonzeresa kuburitsa folate mukati memucheche, zvichikonzera kukwirira kwakanyanya kwe folate mumwana kudarika amai. Ese matatu marudzi eanogamuchira anosanganisirwa nekutakura folate kuyambuka placenta panguva yekuzvitakura.

Kubatana nemamwe micronutrients

Folate uye pamwe chete zvinoumba imwe yeakanyanya simba micronutrient pairi. Kudyidzana kwavo kunotsigira mamwe akanyanya kukosha maitiro ekukamura maseru uye kudzokorora. Mukuwedzera, ivo pamwe chete vanotora chikamu mune metabolism ye homocysteine. Pasinei nokuti mavhitamini maviri aya anogona kuwanikwa zvakasikwa kubva kumarudzi maviri akasiyana zvachose ezvokudya (vhitamini B12 - kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvemhuka: nyama, chiropa, mazai, mukaka, uye vhitamini B9 - kubva mumiriwo yemashizha, bhinzi), hukama hwavo hwakakosha zvikuru. nokuda kwomuviri. Ivo vanoita se cofactors mu synthesis ye methionine kubva ku homocysteine. Kana synthesis isingaitiki, ipapo chiyero chehomocysteine ​​​​chinogona kukwidziridzwa, icho chinowanzobatanidzwa nenjodzi yehutano hwemwoyo uye sitiroko.

Iyo yakakosha metabolic kudyidzana muvhitamini B9 inoitika ne riboflavin (). Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo inotungamira ye coenzyme inobatanidzwa mune folate metabolism. Iyo inoshandura folate kune yayo inoshanda fomu, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.

inogona kudzikisira kudzikisira kwechisikigo folate coenzymes uye yekuwedzera folic acid mudumbu uye nekudaro inovandudza folate bioavailability.

Iko kusanganisa kwakakosha kwezvikafu zvine vhitamini B9

Vitamin B9 inobatsira kusanganisa nemamwe B mavitamini.

Semuenzaniso, mune saradhi ine kare, mbeu yezuva, sunflower, feta, bhari, red onion, chickpeas, avocado, uye maroni kupfeka. Saradi yakadaro inopa muviri mavitamini B3, B6, B7, B2, B12, B5, B9.

Chikafu chikuru chemangwanani kana chidiki chemasikati isangweji rakagadzirwa kubva muchingwa chegorosi chakazara, salmon yakasvuta, asiparagasi, uye mazai akachekwa. Kudya uku kune mavitamini akadai seB3 neB12, B2, B1 uye B9.

Kudya ndiko kunopa mavitamini kwakanyanya. Naizvozvo, mukana wekutora mavitamini muchimiro chemishonga unofanirwa kutariswa kana paine zviratidziro zvakakodzera. Pane humbowo hwekuti vhitamini gadziriro, kana ikashandiswa zvisirizvo, haingobatsire chete, asi inogona zvakare kukuvadza muviri.

Shandisa mushonga wepamutemo

Kuberekwa

Folic acid inoshandiswa pakurapa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvakatemerwa vakadzi vane nhumbu uye avo vari kugadzirira kubata nhumbu. Kukura uye kukura kwe "fetus" kunoonekwa nekushanda kwema cell division. Akakwana folate mazinga akakosha kuDNA neRNA synthesis. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwe folic acid, pakati pemazuva makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemanomwe mushure mekubata, chirwere chinonzi neural chubhu hurema… Semutemo, panguva iyi, mukadzi haasati aziva kuti ane nhumbu uye haakwanise kutora matanho akakodzera nekuwedzera huwandu hwenhamba muchikafu. Ichi chirwere chinotungamira kune akati wandei asingadiwe mhedzisiro kune fetus - kukuvara kwehuropi, encephalocele, maronda emusana.

Congenital moyo anomalies ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera kufa kwevana uye anogona zvakare kutungamira kurufu mukukura. Sekureva kweEuropean Registry yeCongenital Anomalies uye Gemini, kunwa inosvika mazana mana emamg ye folic acid pazuva rimwe mwedzi usati wabata nhumbu uye kwemavhiki masere mumashure kwakaderedza njodzi yekuzvarwa nemoyo hurema ne400 muzana.

PANYAYA IYI:

Matero emadzimai emadzimai anogona kukanganisa njodzi yekuzvarwa nekuzvara kwemukanwa. Tsvagurudzo muNorway yakaratidza kuti kutora vhitamini yekuwedzera ine angangoita mazana mana emamiriyoni ehupfu ehutachiona kwakaderedza njodzi yemukanwa ne 400%.

Kurema kuberekwa huremu kunosanganisirwa nenjodzi yakawedzera yekufa mukati megore rekutanga rehupenyu uye zvinogona kukanganisa hutano mamiriro mukukura. Ongororo yakarongeka yazvino uye meta-ongororo yezvisere zvakadzorwa zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kushamwaridzana kwakanaka pakati penzvimbo yekudya uye huremu hwekuzvarwa.

Kuwedzera kweropa rehomocysteine ​​zvakare kwave kuchisanganiswa nezviitiko zvekuwedzera kwekuparara uye zvimwe zvinetso zvekubata, kusanganisira preeclampsia uye kuputika kwepashure. Chidzidzo chikuru chekudzokorodza chakaratidza kuti huwandu hweplasma homocysteine ​​mumadzimai hwakakanganisa kuvapo kwemhedzisiro yekuzvitakura uye matambudziko, kusanganisira preeclampsia, preterm labour, uye huremu hwakanyanya hwekuzvarwa. Mutemo we homocysteine, zvakare, unoitika nekutora folic acid.

Nekudaro, zvine hungwaru kutora folic acid, pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba, panguva yese yepamuviri, kunyangwe mushure meiyo neural chubhu yakavharwa, kudzikisa njodzi yemamwe matambudziko panguva yepamuviri. Zvakare, ongororo dzichangoburwa hadzina kuwana humbowo hwehukama pakati pekudya folate panguva yekuzvitakura uye nehutano husina kunaka muvana, kunyanya kukura kwaI.

Zvirwere zvepfungwa

PANYAYA IYI:

Zvinopfuura makumi masere zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kunyangwe zvine mwero kukwidziridzwa kweropa rehomocysteine ​​kunowedzera njodzi yehutano hwemwoyo. Iyo mashandiro ayo homocysteine ​​inogona kuwedzera njodzi yevascular chirwere ichiri nyaya yekutsvagisa kwakawanda, asi inogona kusanganisira mhedzisiro inokanganisa homocysteine ​​pakuvhara kweropa, arterial vasodilation, uye kuomarara kwemadziro emadziro. Kudya-kwakapfuma kudya kwakabatanidzwa nenjodzi yakadzikira yehosha yemoyo, kusanganisira myocardial (moyo kurwisa) uye sitiroko. Kuongororwa kwevarume ve80 muFinland pamusoro pemakore gumi -gore kwakawana kuti avo vaidya huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwekudya vaive ne1980% panjodzi yakaderera yehosha yemwoyo kamwe kamwe kana ichienzaniswa neavo vaidya hushoma folate. Pamatatu mavitamini B anodzora homocysteine ​​yevasungwa, folate yakaratidzirwa kuve nemhedzisiro huru pakuderedza basal concentrations, chero pasina chinowirirana vhitamini B10 kana vhitamini B55 kushomeka. Kuwedzera folate kutora kubva kune folate-zvakapfuma zvekudya kana zvekuwedzera zvakawanikwa zvichideredza homocysteine ​​kuwanda.

Kunyangwe paine kukakavara pamusoro pebasa rekudzikisa homocysteine ​​mukudzivirira chirwere chemwoyo, ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakaongorora kukura kwefolate yekuwedzera, inozivikanwa njodzi yevascular chirwere. Kunyangwe miedzo ichangoburwa isina kuratidza kuti folate inodzivirira zvakananga muviri, yakaderera folate yekudya ndiyo inozivikanwa njodzi yechirwere chemoyo.

kenza

PANYAYA IYI:

Gomarara rinofungidzirwa kuti rinokonzerwa nekukuvara kweDNA nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwekugadziriswa kweDNA, kana nekuratidzira zvisirizvo kwemageneti akakosha. Nekuda kwebasa rakakosha re folate muDNA neRNA synthesis, zvinokwanisika kuti kudya kwakaringana kwevhitamini B9 kunopa kusagadzikana kwemagenome uye kuremara kwechromosome iyo inowanzo kuve nekubatana nekenza yekenza. Kunyanya, kudzokorora kweDNA uye kugadzirisa kwakakosha kuchengetedza iyo genome, uye kushomeka kwema nucleotides kunokonzerwa nekushomeka kwefolate kunogona kutungamira mukusagadzikana kwegenome uye shanduko yeDNA. Folate zvakare inodzora iyo homocysteine ​​/ methionine kutenderera uye S-adenosylmethionine, mupi wemethyl wemethylation reaction. Nekudaro, kushomeka kwemunhu kunogona kukanganisa DNA uye protein methylation uye kushandura kutaura kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kweDNA, kupatsanurwa kwemasero uye kufa. Global DNA hypomethylation, chiratidzo chekenza, chinokonzeresa kusagadzikana kwemagenome uye kuputsika kwechromosomal.

Kudya zvisungo zvishanu zvemichero nemiriwo pazuva zvakabatana nekudzikira kwecancer chiitiko nhasi. Zvibereko nemiriwo zviwanikwa zvakanaka zvefolate, izvo zvinogona kutora chikamu mune yavo anti-carcinogenic mhedzisiro.

Chirwere cheAlzheimer uye kuora mwoyo

PANYAYA IYI:

Chirwere cheAlzheimer ndiyo fomu yakajairika. Imwe ongororo yakawana kusangana pakati pekuwedzera kwekudya kwemichero nemiriwo zvakapfuma mu folate uye nenjodzi yakadzikira ye dementia muvakadzi.

Nekuda kwebasa rayo mukubatana kweiyo nucleic acids uye nekupa yakakwana methyl yemethylation reaction, folate inokanganisa iyo yakajairika kukura uye mashandiro ehuropi, kwete chete panguva yepamuviri uye mushure mekuberekwa, asi zvakare gare gare muhupenyu. Mune kumwe kuyambuka-chikamu chechikamu chevakadzi vakura, varwere veAlzheimer vaive neakanyanya mahomocysteine ​​mazinga uye akaderera eropa folate mazinga achienzaniswa nevanhu vane hutano. Uye zvakare, musayendisiti akagumisa kuti kwenguva refu ropa folate mazinga, pane kushandiswa kwazvino, ane basa rekudzivirira kuora mwoyo. Makore maviri, akasarudzika, anochengetwa paboebo-inodzorwa muvarwere vane zana negumi nevasere vane hurema hwekuziva kugona vakawana mabhenefiti ezvekudya zvezuva nezuva zve168 mcg folate, 800 mcg vhitamini B500, uye 12 mg vhitamini B20. Atrophy yeimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi dzakakanganiswa nechirwere cheAlzheimer yakaonekwa mune vanhu vemapoka ese, uye iyi atrophy yaive yakabatana nekudzikira kwekuziva; zvisinei, iro boka rakarapwa nemaB mavitamini rakawana shoma grey kurasikirwa kurasikirwa zvichienzaniswa neboka re placebo (6% maringe ne 0,5%). Mhedzisiro inobatsira yakawanikwa kune varwere vane yepamusoro baseline homocysteine ​​kuwedzeredza, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekudzikisa kutenderera kwehomocysteine ​​mukudzivirira kwekuziva kwekudzikira uye kuora mwoyo. Kunyangwe paine anovimbisa mhedzisiro, B-vhitamini yekuwedzera inoda kuongororwa zvakanyanya muzvidzidzo zvakakura zvinoongorora mhedzisiro yenguva refu, senge chiitiko chehosha yeAlzheimer.

kusuruvara

PANYAYA IYI:

Low folate mazinga akave akabatanidzwa nekushushikana uye kusarongeka kupindura kune anodzvinyirira. Ongororo ichangoburwa yevanhu vaviri vane makore makumi masere nemasere kusvika makumi masere muUnited States yakawana kuti seramu uye tsvuku sero folate kuwanda kwakadzikira zvakanyanya muvanhu vakaora mwoyo zvakanyanya kupfuura kune avo vasina kumbobvira vaora mwoyo Zvidzidzo mu makumi mana nevarume nevakadzi vakawanikwa vaine kushushikana kwepfungwa vakawana kuti chete makumi mashanu nemaviri muvane 2 varwere vane yakaderera folate mazinga vakapindura kune antidipressant kurapwa, zvichienzaniswa ne988 ye1 varwere vane zvakajairwa folate mazinga.

Kunyangwe iyo yekuwedzera folic acid isina kumbofungidzirwa sekutsiva kwechinyakare antidepressant kurapa, inogona kubatsira senge yekuwedzera. Mune ongororo yekuUK, 127 vakaora mwoyo varwere vakasarudzwa kutora kana 500 mcg ye folate kana placebo kuwedzera kune 20 mg ye fluoxetine (antidepressant) zuva nezuva kwevhiki gumi. Kunyangwe mhedzisiro muvanhurume yakanga isina huwandu hwakakosha, vakadzi vakagamuchira fluoxetine pamwe nefolic acid vakaita zvirinani kupfuura avo vakagamuchira fluoxetine pamwe ne placebo. Vanyori vekudzidza vakapedzisa kuti folate "inogona kuita basa rekuwedzera pakurapa kwekuora mwoyo."

Mafomu eiyo vhitamini B9

Fomu yakajairika yefolic acid mapiritsi. Muyero wevhitamini unogona kuve wakasiyana, zvichienderana nechinangwa chemushonga. Mune mavitamini evakadzi vane nhumbu, iyo yakajairwa dhiyo ndeye 400 mcg, sezvo huwandu uhu hunofungidzirwa hwakakwana mukukura kwakanaka kwe "fetus". Kazhinji folic acid inosanganisirwa mumavhitamin complexes, pamwe nemamwe mavitamini B. Complex dzakadaro dzinogona kunge dziri muchimiro chemapiritsi, uye muchimiro chekutsenga mahwendefa, mahwendefa akanyungudika, pamwe nemajekiseni.

Kudzikisa huwandu hweropa homocysteine, kazhinji 200 mcg kusvika 15 mg yefolate inopihwa pazuva. Paunenge uchirapa kushushikana, tora 200 kusvika 500 mcg yevhitamini pazuva, pamusoro pekurapa kukuru. Chero chero muyero unofanirwa kupihwa nachiremba anoenda.

Folic acid mune yechinyakare mushonga

Varapi vechivanhu, savanachiremba mumishonga yechivanhu, vanoona kukosha kwefolic acid kuvakadzi, kunyanya vakadzi vakazvitakura, nebasa rayo mukudzivirira chirwere chemwoyo nekushaya ropa.

Folic acid inowanikwa, semuenzaniso, mukati. Michero yayo inokurudzirwa kuzvirwere zveitsvo, chiropa, tsinga dzeropa nemoyo. Kunze kwe folate, sitirobheri zvakare akapfuma mumatani, potasium, iron, phosphorus, cobalt. Nezvokurapa, michero, mashizha nemidzi zvinoshandiswa.

Folate, pamwe chete nemafuta akakosha, vitamini C, carotene, flavonoids uye tocopherol, inowanikwa mumbeu. Iyo simiti pachayo ine bile uye diuretic mhedzisiro, inoderedza kupora uye inonatsa muviri. Kuiswa uye decoction yembeu kunobatsira nekuzvimba kweiyo mucous membrane yeurinary turakiti. Mukuwedzera, parsley infusion inorayirwa kubuda kwechibereko.

Fuma sosi ye folic acid mumushonga wevanhu unofungidzirwa. Iwo ane 65 kusvika 85 muzana mvura, 10 kusvika 33 muzana shuga, uye yakawanda zvinhu zvinobatsira - dzakasiyana acid, matanini, potasium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, cobalt, iron, mavitamini B1, B2, B6, B9, A, C, K, P, PP, makemikari.

Tsvagurudzo yesainzi pane vhitamini B9

  • Kudya yakakwira madosi efolic acid hakukanganise njodzi yekukura kwepreeclampsia. Icho chirwere chakakomba chinoratidzirwa nekuvandudzwa kweasina kujairika kukwirisa kweropa panguva yekuzvitakura nemamwe matambudziko. Aya mamiriro ane njodzi kune vese amai nemwana. Izvo zvakambotaurwa kuti mwero wepamusoro wenyaya unogona kudzora njodzi yekuvandudza folate kuvakadzi vane hutachiona. Izvi zvinosanganisira avo vane BP yakanyanya; vakadzi vanotambura ne kana; ane pamuviri pemapatya; pamwe neavo vakamboita preeclampsia mune nhumbu dzakapfuura. Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira vanopfuura zviuru zviviri zvevakadzi vaive nepamuviri pakati pemasvondo masere negumi nematanhatu. Izvo zvakawanikwa kuti kutora 2 mg ye folic acid zuva nezuva haina kukanganisa njodzi yekukura chirwere ichi ichienzaniswa neavo vakatora placebo kuwedzera kune yakajairwa 8 mg yefolate (16% yematambudziko uye 4% yematambudziko , zvichiteerana). Nekudaro, vanachiremba vachiri kukurudzira kutora dosi yakaderera yefolate usati uye panguva yekuzvitakura kudzivirira kukura kwezvirwere zvepamuviri.
  • Masayendisiti eIrish akaona kuti huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makumi mashanu vanoshaya vhitamini B50 (12 muvanhu vasere) uye folate (1 mu8 vanhu). Chiyero chekushomeka chinosiyana nemararamiro, hutano uye chimiro chehutano. Ose mavitamini akakosha kune hutano hwehurongwa hwemitsipa, huropi, kugadzirwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa, uye kupatsanurwa kweDNA. Zvakawanikwa zvakare kuti huwandu hwekushomeka kwemanyepo hunowedzera nezera - kubva pa1% pakati pevanhu makore makumi mashanu-7, kusvika pa14% pakati pevaya vanopfuura makore makumi masere. Yaiwanzo kuwanikwa mune vanosvuta, vanhu vakafuta uye avo vaigara vega. Vitamin B50 kushomeka kwaiwanzoitika kune avo vanoputa (60%), vanogara vega (23%), uye mune vanhu vanobva kwakaderera magariro ehupfumi.
  • Masayendisiti eBritish anoomerera pakuvandudza hupfu uye zvimwe zvekudya zvine folic acid. Sekureva kwevanyori vechidzidzo ichi, mazuva ese muBritain, paavhareji, vakadzi vaviri vanomanikidzwa kumisa nhumbu nekuda kweiyo neural tube hurema, uye vana vaviri vanozvarwa vaine chirwere ichi vhiki rega rega. Britain ndeimwe yenyika uko folate fortification isiri iyo tsika, kusiyana neUnited States nedzimwe nyika. "Dai Britain yakanga yanyoresa zviri pamutemo fekitori muna 1998, sezvakangoitika muAmerica, zvingangoita mazana matatu zvekuzvara vana zvingadai zvakadzivirirwa ne2007," anodaro Muzvinafundo Joan Morris.

Shandisa mu cosmetology

Folic acid inoita basa rakakosha kwazvo mukati. Iine huwandu hwema antioxidants ayo anoderedza mashandiro eiyo oxidative maitiro uye anokanganisa mahara radicals aripo mune zvakatipoteredza. Folic acid yekuchengetedza ganda ganda zvakare inobatsira kuchengetedza ganda hydration nekusimbisa chinovhara cheganda. Izvi zvinosunga hunyoro uye zvinoderedza kuoma.

Muzvizoro, zvigadzirwa zvefolate zvinonyanya kuverengerwa mukunyorovesa lotions uye makirimu, ayo, kana akaiswa pamusoro, anogona kubatsira kuvandudza huwandu hwese uye kutaridzika kweganda.

Zvipfuyo

Folic acid kushomeka kwave kuyedzwa kuyedzwa mumarudzi mazhinji emhuka, anoratidzwa muchimiro chekushaya ropa, kuderera kwenhamba yemaleukocyte. Kazhinji matishu ane mwero wakakura wekukura kwemasero kana kuvandudzwa kwetishu zvinokanganisika, senge epithelial membrane yeiyo gastrointestinal turakiti, epidermis uye pfupa remongo. Mumbwa nekatsi, kupererwa neropa kunowanzo sanganisirwa nekushomeka kwe folate kunokonzerwa nematumbo malabsorption syndromes, kushomeka kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, vapikisi ve folate, kana kuwedzerwa folate zvinodiwa nekuda kwekurasikirwa neropa kana hemolysis. Kune dzimwe mhuka dzakadai seguinea yenguruve, tsoko uye nguruve, kuve nehutano hwakakwana mukudya kwakakosha. Mune dzimwe mhuka, dzinosanganisira imbwa, katsi, uye makonzo, iyo folic acid inogadzirwa neyaiyo microflora inowanzo kwana kuzadzisa zvido. Naizvozvo, zviratidzo zvekushomeka zvinogona kukura kana hutachiona hwemuviri hwakaiswazve mukudya kudzivirira hutachiona kukura. Kushomeka kwemurume kunoitika imbwa nekatsi, kazhinji kacho nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Zvichida kuti zvizhinji zvezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zvefolate zvinosangana nehutachiona mukati memukati.

Mashoko Anofadza

  • Mune dzimwe nyika, zita rekuti folic acid rinosiyana nerino gamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso, muNetherlands inonzi vhitamini B11.
  • Kubva 1998, folic acid yakasimbiswa muUnited States muzvokudya zvakadai sechingwa, zviyo zvemangwanani, hupfu, zvigadzirwa zvechibage, pasta, uye dzimwe tsanga.

Contraindications uye yambiro

Inenge 50-95% ye folic acid inoparadzwa panguva yekubika uye kuchengetedza. Mhedzisiro yezuva uye nemhepo zvinokanganisawo folate. Chengetedza chikafu chakakwirira mune folate mune yakasviba yekuvhara mudziyo mukamuri yekushisa.

Zviratidzo zvekushomeka kwemanyepo

Kushomeka mu folic acid chete hakuwanzo uye kunowanzo sanganisika nekumwe kushomeka kwehutano nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvikafu zvinovaka muviri kana kusagadzikana kwekutora. Zviratidzo zvinowanzo kushaya simba, kunetseka kuisa pfungwa, kusagadzikana, kurova kwemoyo, uye kufema kwekufema. Uye zvakare, panogona kuve nekurwadziwa uye maronda parurimi; matambudziko neganda, bvudzi, nzara; matambudziko ari gastrointestinal turakiti; zvakakwirira zvehomocysteine ​​muropa.

Zviratidzo zvekuwedzera vhitamini B9

Pakati pese, kuwedzeredza folate kudya hakuna mhedzisiro. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, akanyanya madosi efolate anogona kukuvadza itsvo uye kukonzera kurasikirwa kwechido. Kutora huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini B9 kunogona kuvanza kushomeka kwevhitamini B12. Iyo yakasimbiswa yakakwira zuva nezuva dhizaini yemunhu mukuru ndeye 1 mg.

Mimwe mishonga inokanganisa kutora kwevhitamini B9 mumuviri, pakati pavo:

  • mishonga yekudzivirira pamuromo;
  • methotrexate (inoshandiswa pakurapa kenza uye autoimmune hosha);
  • antiepileptic zvinodhaka (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate);
  • sulfasalazine (inoshandiswa kurapa ulcerative colitis).

Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa

Folate nebasa rayo rezvemakemikari rakatanga kuwanikwa nemuongorori weBritish Lucy Wills muna 1931. Muchikamu chechipiri chema1920, kutsvagurudzwa kwakaitwa kwakaitwa pahunhu hweanemia inouraya uye nzira dzayo yekurapa - saka vhitamini B12 yakawanikwa. Dr. Wills, zvisinei, vakasarudza kutarisa pane yakadzikira nyaya, kupererwa neropa mune vakadzi vane nhumbu. Akashoropodzwa nenzira yakamanikana zvakadaro, asi chiremba haana kusiya zvaakaedza kutsvaga chikonzero chekushaya ropa kwakanyanya kwakatambura vakadzi vane nhumbu mumakoroni eBritish. Zvidzidzo mumakonzo zvaisaburitsa zvaidiwa, saka Dr. Wills vakasarudza kuitisa kuyedza pamusoro pemapuru.

PANYAYA IYI:

Paakaedza zvinhu zvakawanda, uye nenzira yekubvisa, achiramba fungidziro dzese dzinogona kuitika, pakupedzisira, mutsvakurudzi akafunga kuyedza kushandisa mbiriso yakachipa yemubiki. Uye pakupedzisira, ini ndakawana mhedzisiro yandaida! Akatarisa kuti chikafu mune mbiriso chakakosha kudzivirira kupererwa neropa panguva yekuzvitakura. Imwe nguva yakazotevera, Dr. Wills vakabatanidza mukutsvagurudza kwavo kuyedza kudya zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana mumadzimai akazvitakura, uye mbiriso yekubika doro yakashanda zvakare. Muna 1941, folic acid yakatorwa musipinachi yakatanga kutumidzwa uye kusarudzwa. Ndokusaka zita rekuti folate rinobva kuLatin folium - shizha. Uye muna 1943, vhitamini yakawanikwa yakachena kristaro fomu.

Kubva 1978, folic acid yakashandiswa mukubatana neanticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil. Chekutanga chakagadzirwa muna 1957 naDr Charles Heidelberger, 5-FU chave mushonga unoshanda kurwisa mhando dzinoverengeka dzekenza, asi ine mhedzisiro yakakomba. Vaviri vevadzidzi vechiremba vakaona kuti folic acid inogona kudzikamisa zvakanyanya ichiwedzera kushanda kwemushonga pachawo.

Muma1960s, masayendisiti akatanga kuongorora basa renyaya mukudzivirira neural tube zviremara mu "embryo". Zvakawanikwa kuti kushomeka kwevhitamini B9 kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakakomba kumwana, uye kuti mukadzi kazhinji haawane zvakakwana chinhu kubva muchikafu. Naizvozvo, munyika zhinji zvakagadziriswa kusarudza chikafu ne folic acid. MuAmerica, semuenzaniso, folate inowedzerwa kuzviyo zvakawanda - chingwa, furawa, chibage, uye ma noodles - sezvo zviri izvo zvekudya zvekudya zvevanhu vazhinji. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuitika kweiyo neural chubhu hurema kwakadzikiswa ne15-50% muUnited States.


Isu takaunganidza akakosha mapoinzi nezve vhitamini B9 mumufananidzo uyu uye isu tinotenda kana iwe ukagovana pikicha pasocial network kana blog, ine chinongedzo kune ino peji.

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Kudhindazve zvinhu

Kushandiswa kwechinhu chero chipi zvacho pasina mvumo yedu yakanyorwa kare kunorambidzwa

Mitemo yekuchengetedza

Iwo manejimendi haakonzere chero kuyedza kushandisa chero nzira yekubikisa, kuraira kana chikafu, uye zvakare haivimbise kuti iyo yakatarwa ruzivo ichakubatsira kana kukukuvadza iwe pachako. Iva akangwara uye gara uchitsvaga chiremba akakodzera!

Verenga zvakare nezve mamwe mavitamini:

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