Adenomegaly ndiko kuwedzera kwema lymph node, kuwedzera kunogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona kana hutachiona hutachiona, kana hwakabatana nekuvapo kwemamota, kunyanya.

Kana ichinetsa ganglia ye mediastinum, iri mediastinal lymphadenopathy, kervical lymphadenopathy kana kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu kuchikanganisa lymph node dzemutsipa, kana axillary lymphadenopathy kana aya ari ma lymph node (rimwe zita lymph node) iri hapwa dzinokuzwa. Inogona zvakare kuve inguinal, uye inokanganisa node dziri mukati meguruva. Adenomegaly inowanzo guma nekukosha kwakanyanya pane immune system, iyo iyo lymph node chinhu chakakosha.

Adenomegaly, chii ichocho?

Etymologically, adenomegaly zvinoreva kuwedzera kwehukuru hwezvigunwe: izwi iri rinobva muchiGiriki, "adên" zvinoreva "gland" uye "mega" zvinoreva kukura. Adenomegaly saka iko kuwedzera kwema lymph node, dzimwe nguva kunonziwo lymph node, zvichitevera hutachiona nehutachiona, bhakitiriya kana chisvetasimba, kana kukonzerwa nebundu, kunyanya.

Lymph node mapundu anowanikwa pamwe nemidziyo yeLymphatic mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri:

• Lymph node in the mediastinum are in the mediastinum, the middle region of rib rib cage (iri pakati pemapapu maviri, padyo nemoyo, trachea, bronchi, uye esophagus). Kana ivo vakawedzerwa, isu tichataura nezve mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
• Iyo yemukati lymph node inowanikwa mumutsipa: kana saizi yavo ichiwedzera, kune remuromo lymphadenopathy.
• Kana iyo adenomegaly ine chekuita nema lymph node ari pasi pehapwa, inonzi axillary lymphadenopathy.
• Chekupedzisira, kana iyi hypertrophy ikabata inguinal lymph node, ingave irimo mumupendero, tichamutsa inguinal lymphadenopathy.

Nzira yekuziva sei adenomegaly?

Iwo ma lymph node akawedzerwa anowanzo kuverengerwa nachiremba panguva yekuongororwa kwekiriniki. Izvo chaizvo zviri pakurapa kuti chiremba anogona kuona asina kujairika mapundu mune aya lymph node.

Murwere dzimwe nguva anogona kunzwa ari ega chimiro che "bundu" diki kana "uremu" muhapwa, mutsipa kana kugomera, dzimwe nguva achiperekedzwa nefivhiri.

Dzimwe nzira dzinogona kusimbisa kuongororwa, senge Ultrasound uye mamwe marudzi ekuyedza kwekufungidzira. Mune thorax, kunyanya, idzi mediastinal lymphadenopathies ichawanikwa munzvimbo uchishandisa thoracic computed tomography, uye kuongororwa kwacho kunogona kuwanikwa, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo, ne mediastinoscopy (kuongororwa kwemastastinum kuburikidza ne endoscope), mediastinotomy (incision ye mediastinum) kana thoracoscopy. Histology inoita kuti zvikwanisike, nekudzidza maseru, kuona kana iyo lymphadenopathy yakaipa.

Zvinhu zvinotyisa

Vasingazvidzivirire vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa, uye nekudaro yekuvandudza adenomegaly: varwere vane HIV, semuenzaniso, kana varwere vekurwisa immunosuppressive. 

Utachiona pachahwo chinhu chinokanganisa adenomegaly.

Zvinokonzera kuwedzerwa kwema lymph node: batanidza nebasa ravo mukudzivirira

Lymph node mapundu anoshandiswa kusefa lymph. Ivo zvakare vanoita basa rakakosha mumhinduro yemuviri, uye nekudzivirira kwayo.

Nekudaro, iri mune aya ganglia umo kuratidzwa kwemaantigen emitumbi yekunze (ayo ari hutachiona hutachiona, hunogona kunge huri hutachiona, hutachiona kana utachiona), kumasero edziviriro ezvirwere anonzi T uye B lymphocyte anoitika. (kureva., masero machena eropa).

Kutevera iyi antigen mharidzo, mhinduro yemuviri yekuzvidzivirira ichatarisana nemahutachiona, kana masero emuviri asina kujairika (kazhinji tumota). Mhinduro iyi inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwema antibodies neB lymphocyte (inonziwo humoral immune) kana mhinduro yemaseru, inonzi cytotoxic mhinduro, iyo inosanganisira CD8 T lymphocyte (mhinduro inonziwo immune maseru). 

Izvo zvinobva mukushandurwa kweyekudzivirira immune mukati meiyo ganglion iyo iyo hypertrophy yakacherechedzwa mune kesi yeadenomegaly ichatsanangurwa: kutaura zvazviri, huwandu hwema lymphocyte (kureva maseru echikwata) achiwedzera zvine simba zvinowedzera kuwedzera. kukura kweiyo lymph node. Uye zvakare, zvinoitikawo kuti gomarara maseru anopinda mukati meiyo lymph node, zvakare achiwedzera saizi yayo. Kuzvimba maseru anogona zvakare kuwanda ipapo, kunyangwe ganglion's ega immune maseru, zvichikonzera kugomarara kweiyo ganglia.

Benign zvinokonzera

Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvinokonzeresa kukura kwema lymph node saizi zvinosanganisira:

• sarcoidosis (generalized chirwere chemuviri wechikonzero chisingazivikanwe);
• tuberculosis, yakawanikwa kunyanya zvichitevera mediastinal lymphadenopathy;
• uye zvimwe zvinorapika zvirwere zvinotapukira, senge mononucleosis inokonzerwa ne Epstein-Barr virus, nezvimwe.

Zvinokonzera zvakaipa

Pane zvikonzero zvakaipa, pakati pazvo:

• mamota, kanzira uye metastases, senge Hodgkin's kana asiri-Hodgkin's lymphomas, zvakare anowanzo kuongororwa kuburikidza nemastastinal lymphadenopathy (inotevera chifuva x-ray);
• autoimmune hosha: kunyanya lupus, kana rheumatoid arthritis;
• hutachiona hwakanyanya, senge iyo yakabatana nehutachiona hweAIDS, HIV, kana hutachiona hepatitis, nezvimwe.

Njodzi huru dzematambudziko edenomegaly ari, kutaura zvazviri, dzakabatana neayo etiologies:

• Panyaya yemamota, hutachiona hunogona kushanduka kuita mamota ane ngozi kana kunyangwe kuoneka kwemastastase, ndiko kuti kufambiswa kwemaseru ekenza ari chinhambwe kubva kune lymphadenopathy.
• Panyaya yekutapukirwa nehutachiwana hweHIV, hutachiona hweAIDS, matambudziko acho ndeaya ekuwana immunodeficiency, kureva kuti kuwedzera njodzi yekubatira mhando dzese dzeutachiona.
• Zvirwere zve autoimmune zvakare zvine shanduko ine njodzi yezvinetso zvakakura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kuremara kwakanyanya.

Iyo yekurapa ichave iyo yechirwere chinoonekwa maererano neakawedzera lymph node:

• mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana antiviral kurapwa, kana kunyange antiparasite, kana kuvepo kweiyo yakakura node node inokonzerwa nechirwere chepathogenic (bhakitiriya, hutachiona kana chisvetasimba);
• anti-cancer kurapwa mune iyo bundu, iyo inogona kusanganisa radiotherapy uye chemotherapy;
• immunosuppressants, semuenzaniso mune yezvirwere zvemuviri.
• Kuvhiya, mune dzimwe nguva, kuchabvisa iyo node.

Adenomegaly saka chiratidzo chekuti chakakosha kuti uone nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, uye nekumhan'ara nekukurumidza kuna chiremba wako arikuenda: iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuita kiriniki kuongororwa nekurohwa nekukurumidza apo huwandu husina kujairika hunonzwika mumuromo wechibereko, axillary kana inguinal matunhu, kana kuona pane yekudzora chipfuva x-ray, yemukati mechirwere lymphadenopathy. Uyu nyanzvi yezvehutano anogona kusarudza kuti ndeupi mushonga wekutanga kana kuti ndeupi nyanzvi wekubvunza. Nekudaro, iyo inokurumidza iyo chikonzero cheadenomegaly inorapwa, iwo wakawedzera mukana wekupora.