Bronchospasm kuputika kwemapapu kunokonzera kuvharwa kwekanguva kwemhepo, kunowanikwa muvanhu vane asthma. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kudonha kwakanyanya kwesimba rekufema, kwechinguva chidiki asi zvakashata zvakanyanya nevarwere.

Chii chinonzi bronchospasm?

Bronchospasm inoreva kukokana kwemhasuru pamadziro ebronchi, network yekufema pamwoyo wemapapu edu.

Kubatana uku ndeimwe yemhedzisiro huru yeasthma: chirwere chakajairika chekufema turakiti. Nzira dzemhepo dzevanhu vane asthma dzinowanzoputirwa uye dzakavharwa nehutu, izvo zvinoderedza nzvimbo iripo yekutenderera kwemhepo. Kuderedza uku kunogara uye kunoderedza simba rekufema revarwere veasthma.

Bronchospasm chiitiko chimwe chete. Zvinoitika kana tsandanyama dzebronchi contract. 

Nekufananidza, tinogona kufungidzira kuti mapapu edu akafanana nemiti, ine trunk yakajairika (apo mhepo inosvika), uye matavi akawanda, bronchi. Asthmatics ine matavi akanamatira mukati, nekuda kwekuzvimba kwavo uye kuzvimba. Uye panguva yebronchospasm, iyi bronchi inobvumirana semugumisiro wekuita kwemisungo yakavapoteredza. Nekubvumirana, iyo bronchi saka inoderedza kuwanika kwekufema kuyerera zvakanyanya, nenzira imwecheteyo kana pombi inoshandurwa kubva pakuyerera kwayo kusvika kune yakaderedzwa kuyerera, kana kunyange kugurwa. 

Inofungidzirwa kuti chikamu che15% cheasthmatics vanoona bronchospasms yavo zvishoma, kunze kwetsika yekuve nekudzivirira kufema kwavo.

Kuziva sei?

Iyo bronchospasm inonzwa nemurwere kana kufema kwake kwakaoma, sekunge kwakavharwa. Mhepo inofemerwa inogona kuita ruzha rudiki kana kutokonzera kukosora. 

Zvinhu zvinotyisa

Bronchospasm ine ngozi, sezvo inokanganisa chimwe chezvinodikanwa zvekupona: kufema. Kubatana kwebronchi nenzira "kunovhara" maturakiti ose ekufema, izvo zvinopisa munhu anotambura kwenguva pfupi.

Ngozi dzine chekuita nebronchospasm ndedziya zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Bronchospasm inogona kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma: mutambo, anesthesia, kurara, uye kuva nemigumisiro inoshamisa.

Asthma

Bronchospasm ndechimwe chezviratidzo zviviri zveasthma, pamwe nekuputika kwemhepo. Asthma idenderedzwa rakashata kune avo vanayo: nzira dzemhepo dzakaderedzwa, izvo zvinogadzira kusikwa kwemucus iyo inowedzera kuvharira mukamuri yeokisijeni.

Chronic bronchitis (COPD)

Chirwere chinowanzobata vanoputa nguva dzose, asi chinogonawo kukonzerwa nekusvibiswa, guruva kana mamiriro ekunze ane mwando. Inosiyaniswa nechikosoro chakasimba, uye inokonzera kupera kwekufema. 

emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu. Kana zvikonzero zvakafanana neaya asingagumi bronchitis (kusvibiswa, fodya), inoratidzirwa nekutsamwiswa kwealveoli, zviduku zviduku zvemhepo mumapapu, zvichiita kuti kufema kuoma.

Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwebronchi uye kukonzera chikosoro chechisimba, uye dzimwe nguva bronchospasms.

Bronchospasm inopindirana nechisimba, saka zvinetso zvayo zvichange zvakanyatsoenderana nemamiriro emurwere panguva yezvisungo izvi. Inogona kutungamira mukutadza kufema kwakanyanya, izvo zvichave nemhedzisiro dzakasiyana pamuviri:

• Kufenda, coma
• Panic attack
• Kudedera, dikita
• Hypoxia (okisijeni isina kukwana)
• Kukundikana kwemoyo, kuora mwoyo

Njodzi huru inoramba iri bronchospasm panguva yeanesthesia, sezvo muviri uri pasi peanesthetics iyo inogona kukonzera kufema kusungwa kana pamwe chete nebronchospasm.

Bronchospasms inowanzova chiitiko chimwe chete. Kudzivirira kuitika kwavo, munhu anogona kushandisa mishonga inokwanisa kuvandudza nzira yekufema.

Ongorora mapapu

Chokutanga uye chakakosha, simba rekufema remurwere rinofanira kuongororwa uchishandisa spirometric device, iyo inoongorora kukwanisa kwekufema kwemurwere.

Inhalation yebronchodilators

Bronchospasm inorapwa nebronchodilators, iyo inofemerwa zvinodhaka. Avo kana vachazvibatanidza kune mhasuru dzakatenderedza bronchi kuti dzizorodze. Kumanikidzwa kunoitwa naizvozvo kunoderedzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvibvirire kudzivisa mhirizhonga bronchospasms, asiwo kuderedza kuonekwa kwehutu mubronchi.

Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa bronchodilators anticholinergics uye mamwe beta2 adrenergic receptor stimulants.

Bronchotomy / Tracheotomy

Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakomba, tinogona kurapa kazhinji bronchospasm kuburikidza nekuita tracheotomy (kana bronchotomy), iyo yekumanikidza uye yekuvhiya kuvhurwa kwebronchus.