Bhuku rake rekuchengeta vana rakanyorwa muna 1943, uye kwemakumi emakore akawanda akabatsira vabereki vadiki kurera vana. Asi, sezvakataurwa nachiremba wevana pachake, maonero ekurerwa uye kukura kwevana anochinja, kunyange zvisiri nekukurumidza. Enzanisa?
Pane imwe nguva, Benjamin Spock akaita ruzha rukuru nekuburitswa kwegwara rekurapa "Mwana uye Kuchengeta Kwake". Ruzha mune yakanaka pfungwa yeshoko. Chekutanga, mumazuva iwayo, ruzivo rwakanga rwusina kunaka, uye kuvabereki vadiki vazhinji, bhuku iri raive ruponeso rwechokwadi. Uye chechipiri, pamberi paSpock, dzidziso yaive yemafungiro ekuti vana vanofanirwa kurerwa chaiko kubva pakuberekwa mune angangoita mweya weSpartan: kuranga (kupa chikafu ka5 uye panguva chaiyo, usavatore zvisina basa), kushinga (pasina unyoro uye rudo), kuomesa (kunofanira kugona, kuziva, kuita, nezvimwewo). Uye Dr. Spock vakangoerekana vafungisisa nezve psychoanalysis yemwana uye vakaraira vabereki kuti vangoda vana vavo uye vangotevedzera zvinorayirwa nemoyo yavo.
Zvino, angangoita makore makumi masere apfuura, nzanga yakatora mutemo mutsva wekudzidzisa zvine mutsindo, uye wakakurumidza kupararira pasirese. Asi kana, pane zvese, iwe usingakwanise kukakavadzana nechiremba wevana vekuAmerican - avo, kana vasiri amai nababa, vanoziva zvirinani kupfuura mwana wavo, saka Spock ane vanopikisa vanoshingairira kurapwa. Mamwe emazano ake ndeechinyakare chaizvo. Asi kune akawanda achiri kushanda. Takaunganidza izvo nevamwe.
Mucheche anoda kumwe kwekurara
“Mwana achangoberekwa akakosha kupfuura nyore pane runako. Kwemavhiki ekutanga, inoenderana zvese mubhedha, nedengu, kana kunyangwe bhokisi kana dhirowa kubva kumubati. ”
Kana mwana achiratidzika kunge akanaka mudiki wicker tswanda-mumavhiki ekutanga ehupenyu, saka mubhokisi kana mubhokisi iri, kuzviisa zvinyoro, Dr. Spock akafara. Kunetseka kwakasununguka kuchabuda kune achangozvarwa. Munyika yemazuva ano, machira uye machira ari pazvikwama zvese uye kuravira, uye hapana munhu angazombofunga nezvekuisa mwana wavo akamirirwa kwenguva refu mudhirowa kubva kune iye mupfeki. Kunyangwe zvisiri zvekare, vana chiremba vakati kwenguva yekutanga mubhedha wakanakisa wemwana raive bhokisi chairo. MuFinland, semuenzaniso, vanopa bhokisi rine roora muzvipatara zvekuzvitakura uye vanokurudzirwa kuisa mwana mariri.
“Paunenge uchitarisira mwana, funga nezvekutenga muchina wekuwachisa. Nenzira iyi unochengetedza nguva nesimba. Hazvina kushata kutora vamwe vamakanika vabatsiri mumba. "
Iti zvimwe, izvozvi zvave kunetsa kuwana dzimba pasina michina yekuwachisa. Pamakore anoda kusvika makumi masere apfuura kubva pakaburitswa bhuku iri, mhuri yese yakafambira mberi zvekuti Dr Spock, vachitarisa kune ramangwana, vangave vanofara kune vese amai: kwete chete michina yekuwachisa uye yekutsuka vacuum yakaitwa otomatiki, asiwo mabhodhoro ekuisira , vanogadzira yogati, vanodziya mukaka uye kunyange mapampu emapamu.
“Zvinokurudzirwa kuve nema thermometer matatu: kuyera tembiricha yemuviri yemwana, kugeza tembiricha yemvura uye tembiricha yemukamuri; donje mvere, iyo yaunokanganisa iyo flagella; bhakiti risina chinhu rine chivharo chemanapukeni “.
Kwemakore mazhinji, vanachiremba vakurudzira kuyerwa kwegokora kwetembiricha yemvura, inova nzira yakatendeka uye inokurumidza. Isu takamira zvakare kumonyanisa Vata, iyo indasitiri irikuita zvirinani. Uyezve, zvaive zvakarambidzwa zvakanyanya kukwira munzeve nyoro dzemucheche nekotoni flagella kana zvidimbu. Bhakiti rine muvharo rakabudirira kutsiviwa newashingi. Uye kana ambuya vedu nanamai vakanyatsoshandisa mabhaketi enameled, manapukeni akabikwa kwemaawa mazhinji, akasaswa nesipo yemucheche.
“Shirt ngaive yakareba. Tenga nekukurumidza saizi nezera mugore rimwe chete. ”
Iye zvino zvese zviri nyore: chero munhu anoda, uye anopfeka mwana wake. Pane imwe nguva, vana vevana veSoviet vakakurudzira vacheche kuti vasunge machira kuitira kuti vasatyisidzirwa nemafambiro avo. Vanamai vemazuva ano vatove muchipatara vakapfeka masutu evacheche nemasokisi, kazhinji vachidzivirira kuputira. Asi kunyangwe kwezana ramakore rapfuura, kuraira kunoratidzika kunge kunokatyamadza - mushure mezvose, kwegore rekutanga, mwana anokura paavhareji nemasentimita makumi maviri neshanu, uye hombodo hombe haina kunyatsogadzikana uye nyore.
“Vaya vana vasina kutiza ne3 yese yekutanga yemwedzi vanogona kunge vakakuvadzwa zvishoma. Kana yakwana nguva yekuti mwana arare, unogona kumuudza achinyemwerera, asi zvine mutsindo kuti inguva yekuti arare. Wataura izvozvo, enda, kunyangwe akadanidzira kwemaminetsi mashoma. ”
Chokwadi, vabereki vazhinji vakaita saizvozvo, wobva wajairira mwana kumubhedha. Asi vazhinji vacho vanotungamirwa nepfungwa, havabvumidze mwana achangoberekwa kuchema, vanoizunza mumaoko avo, vanombundira, vanotora mwana kumubhedha wavo. Uye rairo nezve "kurega mwana achichema" inoonekwa seimwe yeane hutsinye hwakanyanya.
“Zvinokurudzirwa kudzidzisa mwana kubva pakuzvarwa kurara nedumbu, kana asina hanya nazvo. Gare gare, kana iye adzidza kutenderera, anozogona kuchinja chinzvimbo chake iye. ”
Chiremba aive nechokwadi chekuti vana vazhinji vanonzwa kugadzikana pakurara nedumbu. Uye kurara nemusana wako kutyisidzira hupenyu (kana mwana akarutsirwa, anogona kudzipa). Makore gare gare, zvidzidzo zvekurapa zvechiitiko chakaipa chakadai sehurwere hwekufa kwevana kamwe kamwe hwakaonekwa, uye zvakazoitika kuti Spock aive akarasika zvakanyanya. Kungoti chinzvimbo chemucheche padumbu chakazara nemhedzisiro isingadzoreke.
"Kekutanga nguva yekuzorwa zamu pazamu anenge maawa gumi nemasere aberekwa."
Pamusoro peizvi, maonero evana chiremba veRussia anosiyana. Kuberekwa kwega kwega kunoitika zvakasiyana, uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa nguva yekutanga kubatanidzwa kwezamu. Kazhinji ivo vanoedza kupa mwana kuna mai vake pakarepo mushure mekuzvarwa kwake, izvi zvinobatsira mwana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yekushushikana kwekuzvara, uye amai vake - kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwemukaka. Zvinotendwa kuti yekutanga colostrum inobatsira kuumba immune system uye kudzivirirwa kubva kuhurudzi. Asi muzvipatara zvakawanda zvekuRussia zvinokurudzirwa kutanga kupa mwana achangoberekwa maawa matanhatu chete kusvika matanhatu.
"Menyu yaamai vanoyamwisa inofanira kusanganisira chero chikafu chinotevera: maranjisi, madomasi, kabichi nyowani, kana ma berries."
Iye zvino munyaya dzekudyisa uye kutarisira mwana, amai vane rusununguko rwakawanda. Asi muRussia, izvo zvakatumidzwa zvigadzirwa hazvibatanidzwe kubva mumenyu yevakadzi muzvipatara zvehutano. Zvibereko zveCitrus uye michero - zvipembenene zvakasimba, miriwo mitsva uye michero inobatsira pakuvirisa mumuviri, kwete amai chete, asiwo mwana kuburikidza nemukaka waamai (chero bedzi mwana ari kuyamwisa). Sezvineiwo, Dr. Spock akarayira vacheche kuti vatange kudya kwevacheche, kutanga ne "aggressive" zvigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, muto weorenji. Uye kubva pamwedzi 2-6, mwana, maererano naBenjamin Spock, anofanira kuravira nyama nechiropa. Nyanzvi dzekudya dzeRussia dzinotenda zvakasiyana: kwete pamberi pemwedzi misere, ura husina kukura hwemucheche haugone kugaya nyama ndiro, saka, kuitira kuti usaite chero kukuvadza, zviri nani kuti usakurumidze nekudya nyama. Uye inorayirwa kumirira nejusi kwegore, ivo havana basa shoma.
“Mukaka wakananga kubva kumombe. Inofanira kuve yakabikwa kwemaminitsi mashanu. ”
Zvino, pamwe, hapana chiremba wezvepasi anozopa zano rekuti ape mwana mucheche mukaka wemombe, uye kunyange neshuga. Uye Spock akarayira. Zvichida munguva yake kwaive nekushomeka kwekuita uye paive pasina ongororo shoma yesainzi nezve njodzi dzemukaka wemombe wakazara kumuviri wemwana. Ikozvino mukaka wechipfuva chete kana mukaka wemukaka unobvumidzwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti rairo raSpock pakudyisa ndiyo ikozvino yakanyanya kushoropodzwa.
“Shuga yakajairika, shuga tsvuku, manyuchi ezviyo, musanganiswa wedextrin neshuga shuga, lactose. Chiremba anokurudzira mhando yeshuga iyo yaanofunga kuti yakanakira mwana wako. ”
Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzezvekudya zvinovaka muviri kubva mune ino pfungwa mukutya. Kwete shuga! Natural glucose inowanikwa mumukaka wemukaka, wakashandurwa mukaka musanganiswa, michero puree. Uye izvi zvakakwana kumwana. Isu tichagadzirisa neimwe nzira pasina chibage sirasi uye dextrin musanganiswa.
"Mwana anorema anenge 4,5 kg uye anodya zvakajairika masikati haadi kudyiswa husiku."
Nhasi vana chiremba vane maonero akasiyana. Iko kudya kwehusiku kunokurudzira kugadzirwa kwehomoni prolactin, iyo inoita kuti kuyamwa kugoneke. Zvinoenderana nezvakakurudzirwa neWHO zvekupa mwana zvinodiwa pachikumbiro chake, kazhinji sezvaanoda.
"Ini handikurudzire kurohwa, asi ndinotenda kuti hazvina kukuvadza kupfuura kutsamwa matsi kwenguva refu." Kurova mwana, iwe unotungamira mweya, uye zvese zvinowira munzvimbo. ”
Kwenguva yakareba, kurohwa kwekurohwa kwevana nekuda kwekukanganisa hakuna kupihwa mhosva munzanga. Uye zvakare, mashoma emakore apfuura muRussia kunyangwe mudzidzisi aigona kuranga vadzidzi vake netsvimbo. Izvozvi zvava kutenda kuti vana havagone kurohwa. Hazvina kumboitika. Kunyangwe pachine kukakavadzana kuzhinji pamusoro penyaya iyi.
"Makomiki, zvirongwa zveTV uye mafirimu zvinobatsira kukura kwehunhu hwevadiki?" Ini handinetseke nezve mwana ane makore matanhatu ekuzvarwa anoona firimu remukomana paTV. ”
Tinonzwa kuseka uye kutya kwekusaziva kwevabereki vaigara pakati pezana ramakore rapfuura, asi pachokwadi dambudziko iri rakakodzera. Kuyerera kweruzivo kunokuvadza kune pfungwa dzemwana, uko vana vechikoro vemazuva ano vanowana, kwakakura. Uye kuti izvi zvinokanganisa sei chizvarwa hazvisati zvazivikanwa. Dr. Spock vaiva nemafungiro aya: “Kana mwana achikwanisa kugadzirira homuweki, anoshandisa nguva yakakwana ari panze, neshamwari, anodya uye anorara nenguva uye kana zvirongwa zvinotyisa zvikasamuvhundutsa, ndaimubvumira kuti aone zvirongwa zveTV uye teerera kuredhiyo zvakanyanya sekuda. Handaizomupa mhosva yazvo kana kumutuka. Izvi hazviite kuti amire kuda mapurogiramu eterevhizheni neredhiyo, asi zvakapesana. ”Uye mune dzimwe nzira ari kutaura chokwadi: muchero wakarambidzwa unotapira.
Kuenderera mberi nemazano aDr Spock azvino papeji rinotevera.
“Usatya kuida uye kunakidzwa nayo. Zvakakosha kuti mwana wega wega apuruzirwe, kunyemwerera kwaari, kutaura uye kutamba naye, kumuda uye kuve munyoro naye. Mwana asina rudo uye rudo anokura achitonhora uye asingateereri. ”
Munharaunda yazvino, izvi zvinoita kunge zvakasikwa zvekuti zvinotonetsa kufungidzira izvo zvingadai zvakave neimwe nzira. Asi nguva dzaive dzakasiyana, paive nenzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzekurera vana uye mukuomarara futi.
“Ida mwana wako sezvaari uye kanganwa nezvehunhu hwaasina. Mwana anodiwa nekuremekedzwa sezvaari anokura kuva munhu anovimba nemano ake uye anoda hupenyu. ”
Zvingaite senge iri pachena dzidziso. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, vashoma vabereki vanomuyeuka, vachipa mwana kumarudzi ese ezvikoro zvebudiriro, vachida mhedzisiro nekumisikidza yavo yega pfungwa nezve dzidzo nemararamiro. Ichi chinhu chisina maturo chaicho chevakuru uye bvunzo yevana. Asi Spock, uyo pachake akagamuchira dzidzo yakajeka uye akakunda Olympiad mukukwasva, pane imwe nguva aida kutaura chimwe chinhu: tarisa pane zvido zvechokwadi uye mano emwana wako uye umubatsire mune izvi. Vese vana, vachikura, havazokwanisi kuve vamiriri vane basa rakajeka kana vesaenzi vanowana mitemo mitsva yefizikiki, asi zvinokwanisika kuti vave nekuzvivimba nekuwirirana.
“Kana uchida kurerwa zvine mutsindo, gadzikana mupfungwa yekuda tsika dzakanaka, kuteerera kusingachinjiki uye kururamisa. Asi kuomarara kunokuvadza kana vabereki vakashora nevana vavo uye vachigara vasingagutsikane navo. ”
Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzepfungwa dzinowanzo taura nezve izvi: chinhu chikuru mukurerwa kusagadzikana, kuenderana uye muenzaniso wega.
"Paunofanirwa kutaura nezvehunhu hwemwana, usazviita nevanhu vausingazive, kuti usanyadzisa mwana."
"Vamwe vanhu vanoedza" kusimudzira "kuzvimiririra mumwana nekumubata oga kwenguva yakareba mumba, kunyangwe paanochema nekutya. Ini ndinofunga nzira dzechisimba hadziunze nemhedzisiro. ”
“Kana vabereki vakanyatso batana mumwana wavo chete, vanove vasingafarire kune vakavakomberedza uye kunyangwe kune mumwe nemumwe. Ivo vanogunun'una kuti vakapoteredzwa mumadziro mana nekuda kwemwana, kunyangwe ivo pachavo vari ivo vane mhosva yeizvi. ”
“Hazvishamise kuti dzimwe nguva baba vanozove nemanzwiro akasangana kumukadzi wavo nemwana. Asi murume anofanira kuzviyeuchidza kuti mukadzi wake akaomarara kupfuura iye. ”
"Mhedzisiro yedzidzo haibve padanho rekuomarara kana hunyoro, asi pamanzwiro aunoita nezvemwana uye nemitemo yeupenyu yaunomudzidzisa."
“Mwana haaberekwe ari murevi wenhema. Kana iye achiwanzonyepa, zvinoreva kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kumuomesera zvakanyanya. Manyepo anoti ndiko kunetsekana kwake. ”
"Zvakakosha kudzidzisa kwete vana chete, asiwo vabereki vavo."
“Vanhu vanova vabereki kwete nekuda kwekuti vafire kutenda, asi nekuti vanoda vana uye vachiona nyama yenyama yavo. Ivo vanodawo vana nekuti, muhudiki, vabereki vavo vaivadawo. ”
“Varume vazhinji vane chokwadi chekuti kuchengetwa kwevana harisi basa revanhurume. Asi chii chinotadzisa kuva baba vanyoro uye murume chaiye panguva imwe chete? ”
“Tsitsi dzakaita semushonga. Kunyangwe kana pakutanga asingape murume kunakirwa, zvaakamujairira, haangaite pasina izvozvo. ”
“Zvirinani kutamba gumi nemashanu neminiti nemwana wako, wobva wati,” Uye zvino ndakaverenga pepanhau, “pane kuswera muzu, uchituka zvese.