Chii chinonzi flu?

Fluu, kana furuwenza, chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwefuruwenza yemhuri yeOrthomyxoviridae, RNA viruses. Chirwere chinotapukira, furuwenza yekutanga inokanganisa hurongwa hwekufema uye inogona kuoma zvakanyanya kana kuve nemhando dzakakomba.

Furuwenza inogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Kazhinji inotangira kubva 3-7 mazuva uye anogona kudzivirira munhu kuita mabasa ake ezuva nezuva.

Mavhairasi efuruwenza akasiyana

Kune marudzi matatu emavhairasi efuruwenza, nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakarongwa maererano nepamusoro pe glycoproteins, neuraminidases (N) uye hemagglutinins (H):

Influenza Type A

Ndiyo ine ngozi zvikuru. Yakakonzera zvirwere zvinouraya zvakati wandei sefuruwenza yeSpanish ya1918, yakauraya vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri. Muna 20, yaive nguva ye "Hong Kong flu" kukonzeresa denda. Type A inoshanduka munguva pfupi pfupi, izvo zvinoita kuti anyanye kunetsa kurwa. Chokwadi, muviri unofanirwa kuvaka mhinduro yekuzvidzivirira kune imwe neimwe nyowani yefuruwenza iri kutenderera.

Hutachiona hwemhando A hunokonzera denda kanenge ka3-4 pazana ramakore. Muna 2009, hutachiona hwemhando A, H1N1, zvakakonzera rimwe denda. Sekureva kwevakuru vehutano hweveruzhinji, hutachiona hwedenda iri "hwaive pakati nepakati", maererano nehuwandu hwevakafa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona yedu Influenza A (H1N1) faira.

Avian influenza ihutachiwana hweAvian zvakare hunobata shiri, ingave yehuku, matoki, zvihuta, mhuka dzesango (hanzi, hanga) kana dzemumba. Utachiona hunotapuriranwa nyore nyore kubva kushiri kuenda kuvanhu, asi kashoma pakati pevanhu. Strain H5N1 yakonzera nzufu dzinoverengeka muAsia, kazhinji muvanhu vanoshamwaridzana nepedyo nehuku dzinorwara kana dzakafa kana kuti vanogara vachipota vachitengesa huku mhenyu.

Influenza Type B

Kazhinji kazhinji, kuratidzwa kwayo hakuna kunyanya kukomba. Zvinongokonzera zvirwere zvepanzvimbo. Rudzi urwu rwefuruu harunyanyi kuita shanduko pane yerudzi A.

Type C furuwenza

Zviratidzo zvarinokonzera zvakafanana nedzihwa. Rudzi urwu rwefuruu zvakare harudiki kuchinjika pane rudzi A.

Mavhairasi anoshanduka here?

Urwu rudzi rwehutachiona hunogara huchiitwa genetic modifications (genotypic modifications). Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuve nefuruu gore rimwe chete kusingape dziviriro kurwisa mavhairasi anozotenderera mumakore anotevera. Naizvozvo tinogona kubata furuu itsva gore rega rega. Majekiseni anofanirwa kuchinjirwa gore rega rega kudzivirira huwandu hwevanhu kubva kune zvitsva zvakasiyana zvehutachiona.

Flu uye kutapukira: inogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Munhu ane hutachiona anogona kutapurirana zuva risati rasvika zviratidzo zvekutanga uye anogona kutapurira hutachiona kwemazuva mashanu kusvika gumi. Dzimwe nguva vana vanotapukira kwemazuva anopfuura gumi.

Incubation inotora mazuva 1-3, zvinoreva kuti kana iwe uine hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, zviratidzo zvinogona kutanga kuonekwa kubva pazuva 1 mushure mehutachiona kusvika kumazuva matatu mushure.

Furuu, inobatwa sei?

Furuwenza inopararira zviri nyore, nekutapurirana uye kunyanya nema microdroplets akasvibiswa anoburitswa mumhepo kana kukosora kana kuhotsira. Hutachiona uhu hunogona kutapurirwawo kuburikidza nemate. Sezvo utachiona huchigona kukurumidza kupararira kumeso nemaoko emunhu ane furuu, kutsvoda uye kubatana maoko nevanhu vanorwara kunofanira kudziviswa.

Kutapurirana kunoitika kashoma kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakabatwa nemate kana madonhwe ane utachiona; utachiona hunoramba huri pamaoko kwemaminetsi mashanu kusvika makumi matatu uye muchigaro kwemazuva akawanda. Panzvimbo inert, hutachiona hunoramba huchishanda kwemaawa akati wandei, saka dzivisa kubata zvinhu zvemurwere (matoyi, tafura, cutlery, bhurasho remazino).

Furuwenza inogona kubatwa nyore nyore mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora here?

VaItaly vezana XIV^e zana rakatenda kuti zvikamu zvehutachiona mukati fukenza vakaunzwa neiyo froid. Saka vakamutumidza zita dzihwa. Vakanga vasina kukanganisa zvachose, nokuti munzvimbo dzakadzikama dzekuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba hemispheres furuwenza inozviratidza kakawanda munguva yechando. Asi panguva iyoyo, vangangove vasingazive kuti munzvimbo dzinopisa, kubuda kwefuruwenza kunogona kuitika chero nguva yegore (hapana mwaka wefuruu!).

Zvaidavirwa kwenguva refu kuti "kubata dzihwa" kwakaderedza kurwisa kwemuviri kune furuwenza uye dzihwa. Nekudaro, hapana humbowo hwekuti kutonhora kunoderedza immune system kana kuita kuti hutachiona hupinde munzira yekufema.^6-9 .

Kana furuwenza inowanzoitika munguva yechando, zvinoratidzika kunge zviri nekuda kwekuvharirwa mukati dzimba, iyo inokurudzira kuparadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, chokwadi chokuti mhepo yakawanda dry munguva yechando inobatsirawo kupararira, nokuti mucous membranes yemhino inooma. Muchokwadi, iyo mucous membranes inodzivirira kupinda kwehutachiona zvakanyanya kana yanyorova. Mukuwedzera, mhepo yakaoma yechando yaizoita kuti zvive nyore kuti hutachiona hurarame kunze kwemuviri.²³.

Zvinetso zvinogoneka zvefuruu

• Bacterial superinfection: matambudziko anogona kuitika kana panguva fukenza (utachiona hwehutachiona) kuwedzera kune hutachiona hwehutachiona otitis midhiya, ivo sinusitis, ivo pneumonia bacterial post influenzae inoitika kubva ku4^st the 14^st zuva mushure mekutanga kwehutachiona, kazhinji kune vakwegura.
• Pneumonia zvinoenderana nefuruwenza huru. Kashoma uye zvakakomba, zvinotungamira mukurapwa muchipatara mukutarisirwa kwakanyanya.

• Matambudziko anokanganisa nhengo dzisiri dzemapapu, akadai semyocarditis (kuzvimba kwetsandanyama yemwoyo), pericarditis (kuzvimba kwepericardium, membrane yakatenderedza moyo, encephalitis (kuzvimba kweuropi), rhabdmyolysis (kukuvara kwakanyanya kwetsandanyama), Reye's syndrome (kana aspirin inotorwa muvana, inokonzera acute hepatitis uye encephalitis, yakakomba zvikuru).
• Matambudziko muvanhu vane immune immune,
• Panguva yekuzvitakura, kuparara kwepamuviri, prematurity, neurological congenital malformations.
• Uye kune vanhu vakuru, Heart Failurechirwere chekufema kana renal chinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya (decompensation).

Vanhu vane hutano husina kusimba, senge vakwegura,  immunocompromised nevaya vane Chirwere Chemapapu, vari panjodzi huru yezvinetso uye rufu.

Nguva yekubvunza chiremba ?

Mukuvapo kwezviratidzo zvinotevera, zvakanakisisa kuonana nachiremba kuitira kuti uone uye zvichida kubata chero matambudziko angamuka.

• Fivha pamusoro pe38,5 ° C kweanopfuura maawa makumi manomwe nemaviri.
• Kutadza kufema pakuzorora.
• Kurwadziwa pachifuva.

Vanhu vangani vanobatwa nefuruu gore rega rega?

MuFrance, gore rega rega, panguva yedenda refuruwenza, pakati pe788 ne000 miriyoni vanhu vanobvunza chiremba wavo, kureva 4,6 miriyoni vanhu vanobatwa neavhareji gore rega rega nefuruu. Uye vanenge 2,5% vavo vari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu. Munguva ye50-18 chirwere chefuruwenza, 2014 zvirwere zvakanyanya zvefuruwenza uye 2015 vakafa vakaonekwa. Asi kuwanda kwekufa kwakabatana nefuruwenza kwakazofungidzirwa pakufa mazana maviri nemakumi masere (kufa kwevanhu vasina kusimba avo vasina furuwenza vangadai vasina kufa). 

Furuwenza inobata 10% kusvika 25% yehuwandu gore rega rega Canadian3. Ruzhinji rwevakatapukirwa vanopora pasina dambudziko. Zvakadaro, furuwenza inosanganisirwa mukufa kwe3000 kusvika 5000 muCanada, kazhinji muvanhu vakatopera simba.

Furuu inobatwa rinhi?

MuNorth America semuEurope, mwaka wefuruu inomhanya kubva munaNovember kusvika Kubvumbi. Kuitika kwemwaka wefluenza kunosiyana zvichienderana nelatitude yenyika yauri uye hutachiona hwepagore huri kutenderera.