Leukemia
Leukemia, kana leukemia, chirwere chemwongo, dzimwe nguva chinowanzonzi kenza yeropa. Mune leukemia, yakajairika hematopoiesis inokanganiswa: kuwanda kweasina kujairika masero eropa eropa, kazhinji anotangira emasero machena eropa, anogadzirwa.

Chii chinonzi leukemia

Leukemia kana leukemia chirwere chakaipa chehematopoietic system. Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka - bone marrow uye lymphatic system, uye inonziwo kenza yeropa. Leukemia inowanzonzi kenza yeropa.

Mumuviri wemunhu, masero eropa anogara achitenderera. Masero anoshandiswa anofa, uye matsva anoumbwa kubva mumwongo stem masero. Masero matsva anotanga kupatsanurwa obva akura kuita masero akazara. Muvanhu vane hutano, pane hurongwa hwakarongeka hwekuenzanisa pakati pemasero akashandiswa, akafa uye achangobva kuumbwa. Asi muvarwere vane leukemia, chiyero ichi chinokanganiswa zvikuru. Masero matsva anowanda zvisingadzoreki, asingakuri kusvika pamwero wemasero akazara. Mukufamba kweleukemia, vanova vachiwedzera.

Kune mhando ina dzeleukemia.

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rudzi urwu rwunonyanya kuwanda muvana.
  • Acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Inoitika muvakuru vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu neshanu uye yakashumwa munhengo dzinoverengeka dzemhuri imwe chete.
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia.

Zvikonzero zveleukemia muvanhu vakuru

Zvikonzero chaizvo zvechirwere hazvizivikanwe. Asi zvikonzero zvinogona kusanganisira:

  • kuratidzwa kwakanyanya (radiotherapy);
  • kusangana necarcinogens (semuenzaniso, benzene);
  • mavhairasi;
  • kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemajini (hereditary predisposition).

Zviratidzo zve leukemia kuvanhu vakuru

Oncologist Dina Sakaeva anosimbisa huwandu hwezviratidzo zvechirwere:

  • kupererwa neropa;
  • hemorrhagic syndrome, nokuti hapana mahwendefa akakwana mumuviri;
  • kubuda ropa;
  • kukuvadza;
  • kubuda ropa mu mucous membranes - mururimi, ganda;
  • kuonekwa kwemavara maduku uye mavara;
  • kuwedzera kwekushisa;
  • kushungurudza, kurutsa;
  • kurasikirwa nenzara;
  • kuonda;
  • kutaridzika kwemasastases, apo masero emamota anopinda nhengo dzine hutano.

Matanho eukemia muvanhu vakuru

Stage 1. Muchikamu chekutanga cheukemia, kenza inopinda mu lymph nodes, iyo inowedzera muhukuru. Murwere anogona kuona node dzakakura iye pachake.

Stage 2. Muchiitiko ichi, kana chiropa kana spleen, kana zvose panguva imwe chete, zvinowedzera muvarwere. Ichi chiratidzo chinoitika nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenhamba ye lymphocytes mukati menhengo idzi.

Stage 3. Zvinoonekwa kana munhu aita anemia (hemoglobin level haipfuure 10 units).

Stage 4. Muchiitiko ichi, inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hweplatelet, kana thrombocytopenia. Nhamba yeplatelet muropa remurwere haipfuuri 100 zviuru.

Kurapa kwe leukemia muvanhu vakuru

Kana ikasarapwa, leukemia inogona kutungamirira kurufu mukati memwedzi yakati. Zvakakosha kutanga kurapwa nenguva.

Kurapwa ndiyo hwaro hunodiwa kune chero rudzi rwekurapa kweleukemia. "Chemistry" inorwisa masero eukemia panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti aparadze zvachose mamota akaipa.

Radiation therapy - yakakwira doses yeionizing radiation inoshandiswa kuparadza cancer maseru. Pane kuderera kwemalymph nodes akawedzerwa, spleen. Mhando iyi yekurapa inoshandiswa pamberi pemapfupa emapfupa uye stem cell transplantation.

Targeted Therapy inoshandiswa muCML (tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibitors zvakakosha mumasero eukemic), asi chemotherapy uye interferon therapy inoshandiswawo. Zvisinei, kurapa kwakakwana hakubviri. Inogona kuwanikwa chete nekugadziriswa kwepfupa kubva kune mupi ane hutano.

Bone marongo kutapurirana – Bone marrow transplantation. Vanopa vanogona kuva vanin'ina vevarwere.

Diagnostics

Kusangana neoncologist kunotanga nekukurukurirana nemurwere. Chiremba anoona zvakadzama zvichemo zvemurwere, nhoroondo yechirwere uye hupenyu hwemurwere, kuvapo kwechirwere muhama yepedyo. Tevere, kuongororwa kwemasystem uye nhengo dzinotanga kuona kutyorwa: kupuruzira mapoka emalymph nodes, nzvimbo inosvika zviuru mazana mashanu pachiropa uye spleen, sezvo vachigona kukura neleukemia.

Gomarara reropa rinogona kuongororwa ne:

  • CBC: Kana uine gomarara, rinoratidza kuwedzera kwemasero machena eropa uye kudzikira kwemamwe masero eropa.
  • coagulogram - kuongororwa kweropa coagulation parameters.
  • immunogram - chidzidzo chezviratidzo zvikuru zvemuviri wemunhu.

Zvakare, chiremba anogona kupa dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora kuti aone rudzi / nhanho yegomarara reropa:

  • puncture biopsy yemwongo webhonzo nekutevera histological kuongorora;
  • kubaya biopsy ye lymph nodes;
  • spinal puncture - kuona masero eropa asati akura, kuaziva uye kuona kunzwa kune mamwe chemotherapy mishonga.
  • ultrasound kuongororwa (ultrasound);
  • computed tomography (CT);
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Kudzivirira leukemia muvakuru kumba

Nzira dzakananga dzekudzivirira kurwisa leukemia hadzina kugadzirwa. Oncologists vanongopa zano rekutungamira mararamiro ane hutano, ayo anosanganisira kudya kwakaringana, kureruka kuita muviri, kuzorora kwakakwana uye kurara, uye kuderedza kushushikana. Avo vari panjodzi (kune avo mumhuri vaiva negomarara) vanofanira kuongororwa kamwechete pagore uye kutarisa hutano hwavo.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

mhinduro Dina Sakaeva, Mutevedzeri Mukuru Chiremba muOncology, Purofesa weDhipatimendi rePharmacology ane Kosi muKliniki Pharmacology, Nhengo yeBhodi reRUSSCO, Chiremba weScience Medical:

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosanganiswa nekuwedzera kwengozi yeleukemia?
Pakati pezvipingamupinyi zvinotungamira kune leukemia ndeye ionizing mwaranzi, radiologists vanosangana nayo. Leukemia inoitika mushure mekubhomba kweatomu, kurapwa nemwaranzi, ultraviolet nemwaranzi, kutarisana nemakemikari carcinogens anoumba pendi, semuenzaniso, mishonga yezvipembenene, arsenic. Gomarara rinokonzerwawo neutachiona hweT-lymphotropic. Chromosomal anomaly, nhaka yekugara nhaka inoita basa rakakosha mukukura kweleukemia.
Chii chinofanira kuitwa panguva apo munhu akagamuchira kuregererwa?
Hapana maonero akajeka pano. Maintenance therapy inobvisa masero eukemia asara uye inodzivirira masero asara akarara kuti asashande. Nechinangwa ichi, glucocorticoids kana mercaptopurine inoshandiswa. Varwere vanokurudzirwa nzira inonzwisisika yebasa, kuzorora kwakanaka, chikafu chine mafuta mashoma, nekubatanidzwa kwemichero, miriwo, miriwo uye michero.
Nzira yekudya sei panguva ye "chemo"?
Chemotherapy muedzo wakakomba wemuviri wese. Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri panguva yechemotherapy zvinotora basa rakakomba, nekuti rinobatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri. Chokutanga pane zvose, ronga kudya kwakakwana iwe pachako. Inofanira kusanganisira:

● Miriwo, mabheri nemichero. Rongedza iwe kanenge kaviri pazuva, umo iwe uchadya michero, uye shandisa muriwo sendiro yepadivi. Miriwo inobatsira zvose zviri zviviri zvitsva, zvakabikwa, uye zvakabikwa;

● Huku, hove, nyama, mazai. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuisa mapuroteni ehutano akakwana muzvokudya, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva muboka iri rekudya. Mukuwedzera kune mapuroteni emhando yemhuka, ayo ari emiti yemiti akakwanawo - izvi, kutanga kune zvose, maruva. Nemhaka yekurapa, varwere vakawanda vanoona kuchinja kwekunzwa kwekunakidza, uye havasi vose vakagadzirira kudya nyama. Kana iwe usingachazvifariri, unogona kuedza kuidya nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzinonhuhwirira uye dzakapfava. Zvisinei, iwe unogona kuitsiva nehove yegungwa kana mamwe mapuroteni.

● Chingwa nezviyo. Muzvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvakajairwa, zvikafu izvi zvinoonekwa sezvingangove nengozi nekuda kwehuwandu hwekoriori, asi muchemotherapy ivo vakanaka kwekudya kwemangwanani.

● Zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. Zvigadzirwa zveboka iri zvinofanira kunge zviripo mukudya kwezuva nezuva, zvichida mukaka wakaviriswa.

Sample menyu yechemotherapy:

● Chikudya chamangwanani - porridge uye sandwich ine cheese;

● kudya kwemasikati - girasi rekefir kana yogurt yakasikwa kana michero;

● kudya kwemasikati - chiedza chemiriwo sopu uye saladhi;

● snack yemasikati - michero kana michero saladhi ine yogurt kupfeka;

● kudya kwemanheru - chikamu chenyama, hove kana huku ine chidimbu chemiriwo;

● vasati vaenda kunorara - zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaviriswa.

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