Mukati
Toxocariasis muvana inonzi zoonotic helminthiasis, iyo inoratidzwa nekukuvadzwa kwenhengo dzomukati uye maziso nematode manyoka ari kufamba nemuviri. Chirwere ichi chinotsamwiswa netoxocara worm (Toxocara canis). Makonye ane muviri wakareba wakafanana necylinder, wakanongedza kumativi ose. Vakadzi vanogona kusvika 10 cm kureba, uye varume 6 cm.
Vanhu vakuru vanoita parasitize mumuviri wembwa, mhumhi, makava uye mamwe canids, kazhinji kacho Toxocara inowanikwa mumuviri wekatsi. Mhuka dzinosunungura mazai munharaunda, iyo mushure meimwe nguva inova isina simba, mushure mokunge imwe neimwe inopinda mumuviri wemhuka inoyamwisa uye inofamba nayo, zvichiita zviratidzo zvechirwere. Toxocariasis, maererano nemhando ye helminthiases, ndeye geohelminthiases, sezvo mazai ane maruva ari kugadzirira kupinda muvhu.
Toxocariasis muvana inoratidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezviratidzo izvo kunyange vanachiremba vane ruzivo dzimwe nguva havakwanisi kuita chirwere chinobva pamufananidzo wekliniki yechirwere. Ichokwadi ndechokuti zvipembenene zvinogona kupinda mukati munenge chero nhengo ipi zvayo yemwana, sezvavanotama kuburikidza nemidziyo yeropa. Zvichienderana nenhengo ipi inobatwa, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinosiyana.
Zvisinei, nguva dzose ne toxocariasis, vana vanokura zvirwere zvakadai se urticaria kana bronchial asthma. Mumatambudziko akaoma, Quincke's edema inoonekwa.
Toxocariasis inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya pakati pevana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemana vanogara kumaruwa. Munzvimbo ine njodzi huru, vana kubva pamakore matatu kusvika mashanu. Chirwere chacho chinogona kugara kwemakore, uye vabereki havazobudiriri kubata mwana kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvepathologies. Chete yakakwana antiparasitic therapy ichaponesa vana kubva kune akawanda matambudziko ehutano.
Zvikonzero zve toxocariasis muvana
Kunobva utachiona kazhinji imbwa. Vana vevana vane hukuru hweepidemiological kukosha maererano nekutapurirana kwehutachiona. Izvo zvinokonzera toxocariasis mumakati hazviwanzoitiki.
Zvipembenene pakuonekwa zvakasimba zvakafanana nehonye dzevanhu, sezvo dziri dzeboka rimwechete re helminths. Ose maviri toxocars nemaroundworms ane chimiro chakafanana, kutenderera kwehupenyu kwakafanana. Nekudaro, iyo yakasarudzika muenzi muAscaris munhu, nepo muToxocara imbwa. Nokudaro, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinosiyana.
Kana zvipembenene zvikapinda mumuviri wemunhu anenge azvigamuchira netsaona, zvinobva zvakonzera kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kunhengo dzemukati, sezvo zvisingakwanisi kuvapo zvakajairika mumuviri wake. Makonye haakwanise kupedzisa hupenyu hwavo zvakakwana uye kushanduka kuita munhu akura pabonde.
Toxocars inopinda mumuviri wemhuka (katsi nembwa) kuburikidza nemudumbu, kazhinji izvi zvinoitika pakudya dzimwe mhuka dzine utachiona, pakudya tsvina nemhou, panguva yekukura kwevana vasati vaberekwa (mapere anokwanisa kupinda mu placenta), kana vana vaduku. vanoyamwisa naamai vanorwara. Pasi pesimba remamiriro egastric, zvipembenene zvinosunungurwa kubva mugomba ravo, zvinopinda neropa muropa, kupinda mukati mezasi, mukati meatrium yakarurama uye mumapapu. Ipapo vanosimuka mutrachea, mudokoriro, muhuro, vanomedzwa zvakare nemate, vopindazve mudumbu remukati, kwavanosvika pakuyaruka. Iri mudumbu rekitsi nembwa umo Toxocara inorarama, parasitize uye kuwedzera. Mazai avo anoburitswa pamwe chete netsvina munzvimbo yekunze uye mushure menguva yakati anogadzirira kupindirwa.
Kutapukirwa kwevana vane toxocariasis kunoitika sezvizvi:
Mwana anomedza mazai egonye kubva pamvere dzemhuka.
Mwana anodya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa neToxocara mazai (kazhinji michero, miriwo, michero, miriwo).
Mwana anodya ivhu (kazhinji jecha) ne toxocara mazai. Kazhinji izvi zvinoitika panguva yemitambo mubhokisi rejecha uye zvinokonzerwa nezera revana.
Mapete anoisa imwe njodzi maererano nekuparadzira toxocariasis kuvanhu. Vanodya mazai ehonye uye vanoabudisa mudzimba dzevanhu, kazhinji vachidyara zvokudya zvevanhu netsvina yavo nemazai anorarama. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kutapukira muvanhu.
Nguruve, huku, makwayana anogona kuita semhuka dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzetoxocar. Nokudaro, mwana anogona kutapukirwa nekudya nyama ine utachiona.
Vana vaduku vanowanzotapukirwa ne toxocariasis, sezvo vasina kuumba mitemo yehutsanana hwemunhu. Nhamba yepamusoro yekupinda inowira mumwaka wekudziya, apo kusangana kwevanhu nenyika kunowedzera.
Kamwe mumutumbi wemwana, toxocara manyoka anopinda mukati me systemic circulation uye anogara mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo muviri wemunhu uri nharaunda isina kukodzera ye toxocara, gonye rakafukidzwa mune dense capsule uye mune iyi fomu richave risingashande kwenguva yakareba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvipembenene zvinogona kuvapo kwemakore akawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba rekudzivirira remwana harimubvumiri kuti aenderere mberi, achigara achirwisa imwe nyika. Somugumisiro, panzvimbo iyo parasite yakamira, chirwere chisingaperi chinoitika. Kana immune system ikapera simba, gonye rinotanga kushanda uye chirwere chinowedzera.
Zviratidzo zve toxocariasis muvana
Zviratidzo zve toxocariasis muvana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri zvinowanzotaurwa, dzimwe nguva chirwere chinotora nzira yakaoma. Pazera remakore, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogona kubviswa, kana kusavapo zvachose kwekunyunyuta kubva kumurwere.
Zviratidzo zve toxocariasis muvana zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuburikidza nechimiro chechirwere, ndiko kuti, zvichienderana nenhengo ipi inobatwa neparasite:
Visceral toxocariasis muvana vane kukanganisa kune nhengo dzomukati. Sezvo zvipembenene zvehonye zvichifamba nemuviri kuburikidza nematsinga, zvinowanzogara mumitezo iyo yakanyatsopiwa neropa, asi ropa rinoyerera mavari harina kusimba. Kazhinji ndiwo mapapu, chiropa uye uropi.
Tichifunga nezvekukundwa kwenhengo dzekudya dzemwana (chiropa, biliary turakiti, pancreas, matumbo) neToxocar larvae, zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kusiyaniswa:
Marwadzo ari right hypochondrium, mudumbu, muguvhu.
Matambudziko ekudya.
Bvunza.
Kuvava mumuromo.
Kakawanda kuchinja kwemanyoka uye kuvimbiswa.
Kutsamwa uye kurutsa.
Kurasikirwa kwehuremu hwemuviri, kunonoka mukukura kwemuviri.
Kana toxocars inokanganisa mapapu, mwana anotanga zviratidzo zvebroncho-pulmonary ane chikosoro chakaoma, kupfupika kwekufema, uye kunetseka kufema. Kukura kwebronchial asthma hakubviswe. Pane humbowo hwekuratidzwa kwepneumonia, iyo yakaguma nerufu.
Kana zvipembenene zvikagara pamavharuvhu emwoyo, zvino izvi zvinotungamirira kukukura kwekukundikana kwemoyo mumurwere. Mwana ane ganda rebhuruu, pasi uye kumusoro mitezo, nasolabial triangle. Kunyangwe pakuzorora, kupfupika kwekufema uye kukosora kunoitika. Nekukundwa kwehafu yakarurama yemoyo, edema yakaoma inoonekwa pamakumbo. Chirwere ichi chinoda chipatara chekukurumidzira.
Ocular toxocariasis muvana. Mitezo yekuona haiwanzobatwa ne toxocara larvae, izvi zvinoratidzwa nekurasikirwa kwekuona, conjunctival hyperemia, kuputika kweziso reziso, uye kurwadziwa muziso. Kazhinji ziso rimwe rinokanganiswa.
Cutaneous toxocariasis muvana. Kana zvipembenene zvikapinda mudermis yemwana, zvino izvi zvinoratidzwa nekutsvaira kwakanyanya, kupisa, kunzwa kwekufamba pasi peganda. Munzvimbo iyo maruva anomira, sekutonga, kuputika kunoramba kuchiitika.
Neurological toxocariasis muvana. Kana toxocara gonye rakapinda meninges, ipapo chirwere anozviratidza ne hunhu tsinga zviratidzo: hunhu kuvhiringidzika, kurasikirwa mwero, kutemwa nemusoro, hope kuvhiringidzika, dzungu, zviratidzo focal kukuvara uropi (kugwinha, kuoma mitezo, paresis, etc.).
Hazvinei kuti gonye rinomira kupi, immune system inotanga kuirwisa, izvo zvinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kweallergic reaction:
Mapundu eganda. Kazhinji, inofanana nekurumwa neumhutu uye ine chimiro chemhete. Mapundu acho akanyanya kuvava uye anogona kuitika chero pese pamuviri.
Quincke's edema. Ichi chirwere chinoratidzwa nekuzvimba kwezvinyoro zvinyoro mumutsipa. Nekutaurirwa kwemaitiro, chirwere che asthma chinogona kuitika, icho, kana rubatsiro rwakakodzera rusina kupiwa, ruchatungamirira kurufu rwemwana.
Bronchial asima. Mwana anogara achikosora. Chikosoro chine chimiro chakaoma, sputum inoparadzaniswa zvishoma. Panguva yekurwisa, kufema kwakasimba uye kufema kunonzwika kunonzwika.
Zviratidzo zve toxocariasis muvana ndezvi:
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kusvika 37-38 ° C uye pamusoro, chirwere chefivha.
Kudhakwa kwemuviri nekushaya simba, misoro, kurasikirwa kwechido.
Kuwedzera kwema-lymph nodes muhukuru, asi ivo vasingakuvadzi uye vanoramba vari mobile.
Pulmonary syndrome inoramba ichioma chikosoro.
Kuwedzera kwespleen uye chiropa muhukuru.
Kukanganisa kwemukati microflora.
Zvirwere zvinowanzobatanidzwa ne immunosuppression.
Kuongororwa kwe toxocariasis muvana
Kuongororwa kwe toxocariasis muvana kwakaoma zvikuru, sezvo zviratidzo zvechirwere zvakaoma zvikuru kusiyanisa kubva kune zvirwere zveimwe nhengo. Ndokusaka vana vakadaro vasina kubudirira kurapwa ne gastroenterologists, pulmonologists nedzimwe nyanzvi dzakamanikana kwenguva yakareba. Vana chiremba vanoronga vana vakadaro sevanogara vachirwara.
Kupindira kweparasitic kunogona kufungidzirwa nekuwedzera kwe eosinophils muropa (ivo vane basa rekudzivirira antiparasitic) uye nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe immunoglobulin E.
Dzimwe nguva Toxocara mhute inogona kuwanikwa musputum panguva yekuongorora microscopic. Zvisinei, nzira inonyanya kudzidzisa yekuona kupindira kweparasitic iyi iELISA ine extrasecretory antigen yeToxocara larvae.
Kurapa kwe toxocariasis muvana
Kurapa kwe toxocariasis muvana kunotanga nekutungamirirwa kwemishonga yeanthelmintic.
Kazhinji, mwana anorayirwa imwe yemishonga inotevera:
Mintezol. Nzira yekurapa inogona kuva mazuva 5-10.
Vermox. Nzira yekurapa inogona kubva pamazuva gumi nemana kusvika ku14.
dithrazine citrate. Mushonga unotorwa kwemavhiki 2-4.
Albendazole. Kosi yakazara inogona kugara kubva pagumi kusvika kumazuva makumi maviri.
Mukuwedzera, mwana anofanira kugadzirisa intestinal microflora. Kuti aite izvi, anorayirwa probiotics Linex, Bifiform, Bifidum forte, etc. Kuti abvise chepfu kubva mumatumbo, adsorbents inorayirwa, somuenzaniso, Smektu kana Enterol.
Symptomatic therapy inoderedzwa kusvika pakutora antipyretic zvinodhaka (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen). Nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu, zvinokwanisika kupa Papaverine. Kuti abvise maitiro emagetsi, mwana anorayirwa antihistamines, kusanganisira Zirtek, Zodak, etc. Glucocorticosteroids inotarisirwa mumatambudziko akaoma echirwere nehutachiona hwakanyanya. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune electrolyte solutions iyo inoshandiswa intravenously muchipatara kuderedza zviratidzo zvekudhakwa.
Iva nechokwadi chekunyora hepatoprotectors kuvana, izvo zvinobvumira kudzorera kushanda kwechiropa. Kana pane chido, saka kwete chete parasitologist, chiremba wevana uye chirwere chinotapukira, asiwo neurologist, ophthalmologist, uye chiremba anovhiya vanobatanidzwa mubasa racho.
Kana zviratidzo zvechirwere zvakanyanya, kuiswa kwemwana muchipatara kunoratidzwa.
Mukuwedzera pakutora mishonga, mwana anotamirwa kune kudya kwakakosha, kubvisa kubva mumenyu zvinhu zvose zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana. Aya ndiwo chokoreti, michero yecitrus, zvinonhuwira, nyama yakasvuta, nezvimwe.
Kana mwana wacho achibudiswa muchipatara, anocherechedzwa nechiremba wevana kwerimwe gore, achimushanyira mwedzi miviri yoga yoga. Zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere, vana havapiwi majekiseni kwemwedzi 2-1. Kwenguva imwechete ivo vanopiwa kuregererwa kwezvokurapa kubva kuchikoro chemuviri.
Sezvo mutemo, kufungidzira kwe toxocariasis muvana kunofadza, kukanganisa kumwoyo, uropi uye maziso hazviwanzoitiki. Zvisinei, kune ngozi zvikuru kunonoka nekurapa kwakakwana.