10 inonakidza chokwadi pamusoro peAlexander Radishchev uye pfungwa dzake dzekuchinja

Alexander Radishchev mudetembi ane mukurumbira, Russian prose munyori, uyewo muzivi. Muna 1790, akazozivikanwa pasi rose mushure mebhuku rakabudiswa rainzi ".Rwendo kubva kuSt. Petersburg kuenda kuMoscow». Zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvake zvinosanganisira nhetembo pamwe nemutemo. Asi mamwe akarambidzwa muRussia. Asi, zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa munyori kuti abudise zvinyorwa zvake nenzira yakanyorwa nemaoko.

Mupiro mukuru unokosha pakunyora biography yeRadishchev yakagadzirwa nevanakomana vake. Ndivo vakakwanisa kugadzira rondedzero yakazara inotsanangura hupenyu hwababa vavo.

Isu tinokuunzira pfungwa gumi dzinonakidza pamusoro peRadishchev: pfupi biography yemunyori uye nyaya dzinoshamisa dzemurume ane pfungwa dzekuchinja.

10 Baba vake vakanga vakazvipira, vaiziva mitauro zvikuru

Mukomana akapedza hunenge hudiki hwake hwose panhaka yababa vake mudunhu reKaluga. Pakutanga, Sasha akadzidzira kumba.

Baba vaAlexander vaiva murume akazvipira, aiziva mitauro yakawanda zvakanaka. Panguva iyoyo, munhu wese aidzidziswa maererano neBhuku reMaawa neMapisarema, ndiko kuti, maererano nemabhuku edzidziso. Mukomana wacho paakanga ava nemakore matanhatu, mumwe mudzidzisi wechiFrench akatanga kumushanyira. Asi baba vakasarudza kwete mudzidzisi anokwanisa. Zvakazoitika kuti murume uyu akanga ari musoja akanga atiza.

Apo yunivhesiti yakazovhurwa muMoscow, baba vake vakasarudza kutora Alexander ikoko kuti awedzere dzidzo. Sekuru vamai vemukomana vaigara muguta. Ndiye akabvuma kuchengetedza Sasha panguva iyi.

Pano aimbova mupi wemazano akagoverwa kwaari, uyo akatiza kutambudzwa kwehurumende yake. Akatanga kumudzidzisa French.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti munun'una wababamukuru babamukuru Alexander Radishchev aiva akakurumbira step son of Count Matveev. Imba yavo yaigara ichipindwa nemapurofesa nevadzidzisi venzvimbo dzekurovedza muviri. Vakadzidzisa vana. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti Alexander, sezvo aitungamirira pano, akagamuchirawo dzidzo kubva kuvanhu ava.

9. Yakapiwa peji

Muna 1762, kugadzwa kwaCatherine II kwakaitika. Nguva pfupi mushure mechiitiko ichi Alexander akatumirwa kuCorps of Pages muSt. Iri sangano rakagadzirira vanhu avo vakazofanira kushandira Empress munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, kumabhora, munhandare.

8. Akadzidza kuYunivhesiti yeLeipzig

Mushure mekudzidziswa muCorps of Pages, Alexander, pamwe chete nevamwe vanokudzwa, vakatumirwa kuYunivhesiti yeLeipzig.. Nguva yose yaakapedza ikoko, akamubvumira kuti adzidze zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvitsva, uye nokudaro achiwedzera horizons yake. Fedor Ushakov, uyo akanyora "hupenyu", ane simba guru.

Akanga ari murume akura, ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Vazhinji vakabva vaziva simba rake. Kune vadzidzi vakawanda, akashanda semuenzaniso. Akabatsira shamwari dzake kuti dzidzidze maFrench anovhenekera uye mazano avo.

Asi utano hwake hwakakanganisika zvikuru. Aidya zvisina kunaka, kazhinji akagara kwenguva refu nemabhuku. Asati afa, Ushakov akaonekana neshamwari dzake. Alexandru akapa mapepa ake, pakanga pakanyorwa pfungwa dzake huru.

Pashure pokunge apedza kudzidza, Sasha akadzokera kuSt. Asi haana kugarako kwenguva refu.

Pashure paizvozvo, akasarudza kuenda kudzimbahwe General-in-Chief (chiuto chinzvimbo) Bruce. Apa akakwanisa kuzviratidza semushandi akashinga uye anoshanda nesimba. Muna 1775 akasiya basa. Zvadaro, kwenguva refu akashanda patsika muSt. Petersburg, kwaakakwanisa kukwira pachinzvimbo chomukuru.

7. Yekutanga edition yeRwendo inenge yabviswa zvachose mukutengesa.

Havasi vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti shanduro yekutanga yebasa "Rwendo" yakabviswa kubva pakutengesa, sezvo yakagumbura zvikuru empress pachake..

Mushure mekubvutwa, yakaparadzwa. Asi zvinozivikanwa kuti kopi iyo Empress Catherine II akaverenga yakasara. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona zvakataurwa naEmpress zvakanyorwa pese pese pairi.

6. Nechirevo chaCatherine, akasungwa nokuda kwe "Rwendo"

Kusvikira panguva iyo Radishchev akabudisa basa "Rwendo", zvose zvakanga zvichimufambira zvakanaka. Akapinda mubasa, iro raive nebasa rekutengeserana neindasitiri.

Akanyora bhuku panguva yekurwira rusununguko rweAmerica, uye zvakare apo Chimurenga cheFrance chaive chatekeshera. Zvose izvi zvakasiya chiratidzo pabasa rake. Radishchev akatsanangura kutengeswa kwevarimi kune zvikwereti zvevaridzi veminda yavo.

Bhuku racho raive nemifananidzo yepakutanga yehupenyu uye tsika dzevamiririri vemakirasi akasiyana zvachose. Asi ainyanya kufunga nezvevarimiwo zvavo nemamiriro ezvinhu mavakanga vari.

Munyori haana kuzivikanwa pamakopi. Asi Catherine II akakwanisa kumuziva. Pashure penguva pfupi zvikuru, Radishchev akasungwa. Akatumirwa kuna Peter naPaul Fortress. Kuongorora kwacho kwakapfuurira kweinenge mwedzi, izvo zvakazotongera munyori wacho rufu.

Radishchev panguva iyoyo akanyora chido, uye akatangawo kushanda paunyanzvi hutsva. Asi mutongo uyu hauna kuitwa, sezvo Sweden yakagumisa chibvumirano cherunyararo neEmpress. Ndiye akabvisa mutongo werufu.

5. Paul I akadzorera munyori wacho kubva kuSiberia

Asi Catherine aisagona kungosiya zvose. Akanzwira tsitsi munyori wacho, asi nokuda kweizvi, akamutumira kuSiberia. Apa aifanira kurarama kwemakore anenge gumi, kwete zvishoma.

Asi muna 1796, Paul Wokutanga akakwanisa kudzorera Alexander Radishchev kunyika yake..

4. Pushkin aishora basa rake

Maonero aPushkin akabatana nekudzokorora kwaCatherine II kwebhuku raRadishchev. Akanga achitsoropodza kwete chete nezvebasa rake "Rwendo", asiwo nemunyori pachake..

Kazhinji, Alexander Sergeevich akadana Radishchev ".mumiriri wechokwadi wehafu-chiedza“. Akatenda kuti pfungwa dzemunyori dzakatorwa kubva kune vese vanyori kamwechete.

Asi, zvisinei, akawana rimwe remakopi acho. Mutengo webhuku racho waiva anenge mazana maviri rubles, uye panguva iyoyo yaiva mari yakawanda.

3. Mukadzi wechipiri aive hanzvadzi yemukadzi wekutanga

Mukadzi wokutanga Alexander Radishchev aiva Anna Vasilievna Rubanovskaya. Musikana akapedza kudzidza kubva kuSmolny Institute. Ndakakwanisa kupa murume wangu vanakomana 3 nemwanasikana mumwe chete. Muchato wakatora makore anenge 8. Asi panguva yokuzvara kwakatevera, mukadzi wacho akafa.

Imba yechipiri yaAlexander yakaitwa nehanzvadzi yemudzimai wake akafa - Elizaveta Vasilievna Rubanovskaya. Sezvo iye pachake akanyora, nekusvika kwemukadzi uyu mumba make, akaita seakamutswa, aida kurarama, akatanga kunzwa kufara uye kufara zvakare.

2. Mubvunzo Wetsaona kana Nemaune Kushandisa Chepfu

Anenge munhu wose akadzidza nezvehupenyu hwemunyori anoziva kuti akafa sei. Munyori akafa nemuchetura. Asi hapana anoziva kuti zvakaitika netsaona here kana kuti nemaune..

Paiva nerunyerekupe kuti Radishchev pachake akanwa chepfu. Vana vake vakarondedzera zuva iri zvakadzama. Pana September 11, akanga ari pamba. Akatora sedative, ndokubva atora girazi re "royal" vodka. Akanga aripo kwete netsaona, kare mwanakomana mukuru aishandisa kuchenesa tinsel nayo.

Radishchev apedza kuinwa, haana kukwanisa kupukunyuka kubva pamarwadzo ayo akamubaya semapanga akapinza. Mupristi akaunzwa kuna Alexandra, munyori akaenda kunoreurura, ndokubva afa.

Asi, kunyanguvezvo, akavigwa muruzhowa rwechechi. Uye avo vakatora hupenyu hwavo pachavo havana kodzero yekuvigwa maererano neOrthodox canon. Shanduro yepamutemo yekufa kwake inoratidzwa mumagwaro sechirwere - kushandiswa.

1. Nzvimbo yakavigwa munyori haizivikanwi.

Panharaunda yemakuva eVolkovsky muSt. Petersburg pane chiyeuchidzo kune munyori anoshamisa wemabasa akawanda - Alexander Radishchev.

Tombstone chingori chirangaridzo chemurume mukuru uyu. Asi hapana anoziva kwaakanyatsovigwa.