Dzimwe nguva zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa nyika chete: moto wesango uye madutu anotyisa ari kuwedzera kuitika, uye kusanaya kwemvura kuri kuparadza kamwe-mavara egirinhi.
Asi kutaura zvazviri, makungwa ari kuchinja zvikuru, kunyange kana tisingazvioni neziso rakashama. Muchokwadi, nyanza dzakatora 93% yekupisa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaonekwa kuti makungwa anotora 60% kuwedzera kupisa kupfuura zvaimbofungwa.
Makungwa anoshandawo sekunyura kwekabhoni, akabata 26% yecarbon dioxide yakaburitswa mumhepo kubva mumabasa evanhu. Sezvo iyi kabhoni yakawandisa inonyungudika, inoshandura acid-base chiyero chemakungwa, zvichiita kuti isagarike kuhupenyu hwemugungwa.
Uye hakusi kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze chete kuri kushandura zvipenyu zviri kubudirira kuita nzira dzemvura dzisina chinhu.
Kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kwasvika kumativi ari kuresa enyanza, kusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri kunotungamirira kukudururwa nguva dzose kwechepfu inorema mumikoto yemvura, kusvibiswa kworuzha kunotungamirira kukuzviuraya kwedzimwe mhuka, uye kuredza hove kunoderedza chiverengero chehove nedzimwe mhuka.
Uye aya angori mamwe ezvinetso zvinosangana nevagari vepasi pemvura. Zviuru zvezvipenyu zvinogara mumakungwa zvinogara zvichityisidzirwa nezvinhu zvitsva zvinozviswededza pedyo nemugumo wokutsakatika.
Tinokukumbira kuti uzive nezvemhuka shanu dzemugungwa dziri kuda kutsakatika, uye zvikonzero nei dzakaguma mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
Narwhal: kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Narwhals imhuka dzehurongwa hwecetaceans. Nekuda kwenyanga yakaita sehapoon inobuda mumisoro yadzo, inoita kunge maunicorn emumvura.
Uye, semaunicorns, rimwe zuva vangangove fungidziro.
Ma<em>narwhal anogara mumvura dziri mu<em>arctic uye anopedza mwedzi mishanu yegore ari pasi peaizi, kwaanovhima hove uye anokwira kusvika pakatsemuka kuti awane mhepo. Sezvo kunyunguduka kweaizi yeArctic kunowedzera, kubata hove nemimwe ngarava zvinopinda munzvimbo dzavanodyira uye kutora hove dzakawanda, zvichideredza kupihwa kwechikafu kwenarwhals. Ngarava dziri kuzadzawo mvura dzeArctic nehuwandu husina kumboitika hwekusvibiswa kweruzha, izvo zviri kushungurudza mhuka.
Mukuwedzera, mhondi dzakatanga kushambira dzichienda kuchamhembe, pedyo nemvura inodziya, uye dzakatanga kuvhima narwhals kakawanda.
Green Sea turtle: overfishing, kurasikirwa kwekugara, plastiki
Kamba dzegungwa dzakasvibira musango dzinogona kurarama makore anosvika 80, dzichishambira murunyararo kubva kuchitsuwa ichienda kune chimwe chitsuwa uye dzichidya algae.
Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu hwekamba idzi hwakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubatwa kwehove, kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, kukohwa mazai, uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara.
Zvikepe zvehove pazvinodonhedza mambure makuru mumvura, mhuka dzakawanda dzomugungwa, kusanganisira kamba, dzinowira mumusungo uyu dzofa.
Kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, uko kunozadza makungwa pamwero unosvika matani mamiriyoni 13 pagore, ndeimwe ngozi kune idzi kamba. Ongororo ichangoburwa yakawana kuti netsaona kudya chimedu chepurasitiki kunoita kuti kamba ive 20% panjodzi yekufa.
Pamusoro pazvo, panyika, vanhu vari kukohwa mazai ekamba kuti vadye pamwero unotyisa, uye panguva imwe cheteyo, nzvimbo dzokukandira mazai dziri kupera sezvo vanhu vachitora mahombekombe akawanda pasi rose.
Whale Shark: Kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo
Pasina nguva refu yapfuura, chikepe cheChinese chekuredza chakavharirwa pedyo neGalapagos Islands, nzvimbo yegungwa yakavharwa kune vanhu. Zviremera zveEcuadorian zvakawana anopfuura 6600 shark muchikepe.
Mashaki angangove akafanirwa kushandiswa kugadzira muto we shark fin, chikafu chinodyiwa zvakanyanya muChina neVietnam.
Kudiwa kwemuto uyu kwakakonzera kutsakatika kwemamwe marudzi eshark, kusanganisira whale. Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, huwandu hwemamwe mashaki hwadzikira ne95% sechikamu chekubata kwepagore kwepasi rose kusvika ku100 miriyoni shark.
Krill (planktonic crustaceans): kudziya kwemvura, kubata hove
Plankton, zvisinei, yakaputsika, ndiyo musana weketani yezvokudya zvemugungwa, ichipa kwakakosha sosi yezvikafu zvemarudzi akasiyana siyana.
Krill vanogara mumvura yeAntarctic, umo mukati memwedzi inotonhora vanoshandisa ice sheet kuunganidza chikafu uye kukura munzvimbo yakachengeteka. Sezvo mazaya echando anyunguduka mudunhu, nzvimbo dzekugara dzekrill dziri kupera, uye vamwe vanhu vachidzikira ne80%.
Krill vanotyisidzirwawo nezvikepe zvehove zvinovatora muhuwandu kuti vashandise sekudya kwemhuka. Greenpeace nemamwe mapoka ezvemamiriro ekunze ari kushanda padanho repasi rose rekuredza krill mumvura ichangowanikwa.
Kana krill ikanyangarika, zvinokonzeresa kuita kunoparadza kweketani mune zvese zvemugungwa ecosystem.
Makorari: mvura inodziya nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
Coral reef zvimiro zvakanaka zvinoshamisa zvinotsigira zvimwe zvezvipenyu zvegungwa zvinonyanya kushanda. Zviuru zvezvipenyu, kubva kuhove nekamba kusvika kune algae, zvinovimba nematombo emakorari kuti atsigire uye adzivirire.
Nemhaka yokuti makungwa anotora kwakawanda kwokupisa kwakanyanyisa, tembiricha yomugungwa iri kuwedzera, izvo zvinokuvadza kumakorari. Kana tembiricha yemugungwa ikakwira ne2°C pamusoro penguva dzose, makorari ari panjodzi yechiitiko chinogona kuuraya chinonzi bleaching.
Bleaching inoitika apo kupisa kunovhundutsa korari yoita kuti ibudise zvipukanana zvesymbiotic zvinoipa ruvara rwayo nekudya. Makorari ecoral anowanzo kupora kubva mukuchena, asi kana izvi zvikaitika nguva nenguva, zvinoguma zvave kuuraya kwavari. Uye kana pasina chiito chinoitwa, makorari ose enyika anogona kuparadzwa pakati pezana ramakore.