Muna 2012, Muzvinafundo Oliver Scott Curry akafarira kududzirwa kwehunhu. Pane imwe nguva, mukirasi yeanthropology paOxford University, akakoka vadzidzi vake kuti vakurukure manzwisisiro avanoita tsika, ingave iri yomuzvarirwo kana kuti inowanikwa. Boka racho rakanga rakakamukana: vamwe vachipwiswa zvakasimba kuti tsika dzakafanana nokuda kwomunhu ari wose; vamwe - kuti tsika dzakasiyana kune wese munhu.
"Ndakaona kuti, zviri pachena, kusvika pari zvino vanhu havana kukwanisa kupindura mubvunzo uyu, saka ndakafunga kuita tsvakiridzo yangu," anodaro Curry.
Makore manomwe gare gare, Curry, iye zvino Senior Fellow paOxford Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, anogona kupa mhinduro kumubvunzo unoratidzika kunge wakaoma uye usina kujeka wekuti tsika chii uye kuti inosiyana sei (kana kuti haina) munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. .
Mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa munguva pfupi yapfuura mu<em>Current Anthropology, Curry anonyora, kuti: “Tsika ndirwo musimboti webatira pamwe yavanhu. Vanhu vose vari munzanga yavanhu vanotarisana nezvinetso zvenzanga zvakafanana uye vanoshandisa gadziriro yakafanana yemitemo yetsika kuzvipedza. Munhu wose, kwose kwose, ane bumbiro retsika rakafanana. Munhu wose anotsigira pfungwa yokuti kushandira pamwe kuti zvibatsire vose chinhu chokuvavarira.”
Munguva yekudzidza, boka raCurry rakadzidza tsananguro dzetsika dzetsika mune anopfuura mazana matanhatu masosi kubva ku600 nzanga dzakasiyana, semhedzisiro yavakakwanisa kuziva inotevera mitemo yepasirese yehunhu:
Batsira mhuri yako
Batsira nharaunda yako
Pindura nesevhisi yebasa
・ Shinga
• Remekedza vakuru
Goverana nevamwe
Remekedza zvinhu zvevamwe vanhu
Vatsvagiri vakaona kuti mutsika dzese, aya manomwe maitiro emagariro aionekwa seakanaka 99,9% yenguva. Nekudaro, Curry anocherekedza kuti vanhu munharaunda dzakasiyana vanoisa pamberi zvakasiyana, kunyangwe muhuwandu hwezviitiko zvese tsika dzakanaka dzinotsigirwa neimwe nzira.
Asi paivewo nedzimwe nyaya dzekubva pane zvakajairwa. Somuenzaniso, pakati pevaChuukes, boka guru redzinza muFederated States of Micronesia, “kunoba pachena kuratidza utongi hwomunhu uye kuti haatyi simba revamwe.” Vanzveri vakanzvera iri boka vakagumisa kuti mitemo minomwe yetsika yepasi rose inoshandawo kuuyu mufambiro: “kunoratidzika kuva kwakadaro apo chimiro chimwe chebatira pamwe (kuva noushingi, kunyange zvazvo chisiri chiratidziro chaicho choushingi) chinokurira chimwe (kuremekedzana). pfuma),” vakanyora kudaro.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakatotarisa mimwe mitemo yetsika mune mamwe mapoka, asi hapana akaedza kudzidza mitemo yetsika mumuenzaniso mukuru wevanhu. Uye Curry paakaedza kuwana mari, pfungwa yake yakatoramba ichirambwa sezviri pachena kana kusakwanisa kuratidza.
Kuti tsika dzinoitwa nevanhu vose here kana kuti ndedzeukama kwave kuchiitiranwa nharo kwemazana emakore. Muzana remakore rechi17, John Locke akanyora kuti: “…
Muzivi David Hume haabvumirani nazvo. Akanyora kuti kutonga kwetsika kunobva “mukunzwa kwomuzvarirwo kwokuti chisiko chakaita chisiko chose nokuda kworudzi rwose rwomunhu”, uye akacherekedza kuti nzanga yavanhu ine chishuvo chomuzvarirwo chezvokwadi, ruramisiro, ushingi, mwero, nguva dzose, ushamwari, tsitsi, kudanana uye kuvimbika.
Achitsoropodza chinyorwa chaCurry, Paul Bloom, purofesa wepfungwa nesayenzi yekuziva paYale University, anoti isu hatisi kure nekubvumirana pane tsananguro yetsika. Inyaya yerusaruro uye kururamisira here, kana kuti “kunatsiridza kugara zvakanaka kwezvisikwa zvipenyu”? Nezve vanhu vari kudyidzana kuti vawane pfuma yenguva refu, kana nezvekusazvibata?
Bloom anotaurawo kuti vanyori vekudzidza havana kuita zvishomanana kutsanangura kuti tinosvika sei pakuita kutonga kwetsika uye basa ripi pfungwa dzedu, manzwiro, masimba evanhu, nezvimwewo mukugadzira pfungwa dzedu pamusoro petsika. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yacho ichitaura kuti kutonga kwetsika kunowanikwa munyika yose nemhaka ye“muunganidzwa wezvakasikwa, zvinongoitika zvoga, zvigadzirwa, uye masangano,” vanyori vacho “havatsananguri zviri zvomuzvarirwo, zvinodzidzwa noruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uye zvinoguma nezvisarudzo zvomunhu oga.”
Saka zvichida mitemo minomwe yepasi rose yetsika inogona kunge isiri rondedzero chaiyo. Asi, sokutaura kunoita Curry, panzvimbo pokukamura nyika kuva “isu naivo” uye kutenda kuti vanhu vanobva kumativi akasiana-siana apasi vane zvishoma zvakafanana, zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti kunyange zvakadaro takabatanidzwa zvikuru netsika dzakafanana.