Amnesia inotsanangurwa sedambudziko rekuumba ndangariro kana kudzoreredza ruzivo mundangariro. Kazhinji pathological, inogonawo kunge isiri-pathological, sezvakaitika kune infantile amnesia. Icho, chokwadi, chiratidzo kupfuura chirwere, chinonyanya kubatanidzwa munharaunda dzedu dzekuchembera kune neurodegenerative pathologies senge chirwere cheAlzheimer, uye inogona kuve nemamwe akati wandei etiologies. Amnesia inogona semuenzaniso zvakare kuve ye psychogenic kana yekushungurudza mavambo. Imwe yemishonga inobvira ndeyekudzoreredza ndangariro, iyo inogona kupihwa kunyangwe kune vanhu vakura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekudzorera.

Tsanangudzo yeamnesia

Amnesia ishoko rekare, iro rinoreva kuomerwa mukuumba ndangariro, kana kudzoreredza ruzivo mundangariro. Inogona kuva pathological, kana kwete pathological: iyi ndiyo nyaya yeinfantile amnesia. Chokwadi, zvakanyanya kuoma kuti vanhu vadzore ndangariro dzinodzokera kubva paudiki, asi zvino izvi hazvikonzerwi neiyo pathological process.

Amnesia inowanzova chiratidzo pane chirwere pachayo: ichi chiratidzo chekukanganisika kwendangariro chinogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere cheurourodegenerative, chinonyanya kukosha icho chirwere cheAlzheimer. Uye zvakare, amnesic syndrome imhando yekurangarira pathology umo kusagadzikana kwendangariro kwakakosha.

Kune marudzi akawanda eamnesia:

• chimiro cheamnesia umo varwere vanokanganwa chikamu chekare chavo, chinonzi identity amnesia, uye kusimba kwayo kunosiyana-siyana: murwere anogona kusvika pakukanganwa kuzivikanwa kwake.
• anterograde amnesia, zvinoreva kuti varwere vane dambudziko rekuwana ruzivo rutsva.
• retrograde amnesia inoratidzirwa nekukanganwa zvakapfuura.

Mumhando dzakawanda dzeamnesia, mativi ose, anterograde uye retrograde, aripo, asi izvi hazvisi nguva dzose. Mukuwedzera, kunewo ma gradients. “Varwere vese vakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, anodaro Purofesa Francis Eustache, purofesa nyanzvi yendangariro, uye izvi zvinoda kunyatsoita nzendo kuti unzwisise zvizere matambudziko anowanikwa.«

Zvikonzero zveamnesia

Kutaura zvazviri, amnesia inokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akawanda umo murwere ane kukanganisa kwendangariro. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya anotevera:

• neurodegenerative disorders, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ihosha yeAlzheimer, inova chikonzero chiri kukura cheamnesia munharaunda dzanhasi dziri kushanduka dzichienda mukukwegura kwehuwandu hwevanhu;
• kushungurudzika kwemusoro;
• Korsakoff syndrome (chirwere chetsinga chezvakasiyana-siyana, chinoratidzwa kunyanya nekukanganiswa kwekuziva);
• brain tumor;
• sequelae yekurohwa: pano, nzvimbo yekukuvadza muuropi ichaita basa guru;
• Amnesia inogonawo kusanganiswa necerebral anoxia, kutevera kusungwa kwemwoyo semuenzaniso, uye naizvozvo kushayikwa kweokisijeni muuropi;
• Amnesias inogona zvakare kuve ye psychogenic mavambo: ivo vanobva vabatanidzwa kune anoshanda epfungwa pathologies, senge kuvhunduka kwemanzwiro kana kushungurudzika mupfungwa.

Kuongororwa kweamnesia

Kuongororwa kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekliniki mamiriro.

• Nokuda kwekutambudzika kwemusoro, mushure mekuoma, etiology yeamnesia ichaonekwa nyore nyore.
• Muzviitiko zvakawanda, neuropsychologist ichakwanisa kubatsira nekuongorora. Kazhinji, bvunzo dzendangariro dzinoitwa kuburikidza nemibvunzo, iyo inoedza ndangariro kushanda zvakanaka. Kubvunzurudza nemurwere neavo vakamupoteredza vanogonawo kubatsira mukuongororwa. Zvakawanda zvakanyanya, mabasa ekuziva emutauro, uye enzvimbo yekuziva, anogona kuongororwa. 
• Kuongororwa kwetsinga kunogona kuitwa neurologist, kuburikidza nekiriniki, kuitira kuti uongorore kukanganisa kwemotokari yemurwere, kuvhiringidzika kwake kwekunzwa uye kunzwa, uyewo kugadzirisa kuongorora kwekuyeuka mumamiriro makuru. An anatomical MRI inobvumira kuratidzwa kwechero maronda. Semuenzaniso, MRI ichaita kuti zviitike, mushure mekurohwa, kuona kana maronda aripo, uye kuti ari kupi muuropi. Kukuvadzwa kweiyo hippocampus, iri mukati mechikamu chenguva yehuropi, kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwendangariro.

Vanhu vane hanya

Zvichienderana neiyo etiology, vanhu vanobatwa neamnesia havazove vakafanana.

• Vanhu vanowanzobatwa neamnesia inokonzerwa neurodegenerative disorder ndivo vakwegura.
• Asi cranial traumas ichabata vechidiki zvakanyanya, zvichitevera tsaona yemudhudhudhu kana yemotokari, kana kuwa.
• Tsaona dzecerebrovascular, kana sitiroko, dzinogonawo kubata vechidiki, asi kazhinji dzinobata vanhu vezera rakati.

Chinhu chikuru chengozi izera: munhu mukuru, anowedzera mukana wekuita matambudziko ekurangarira.

Zviratidzo zvemhando dzakasiyana dzeamnesia zvinogona kutora mafomu akasiyana, zvichienderana nemhando dzepathologies dzinobatanidzwa, uye varwere. Heano akanyanya kuwanda.

Anterograde amnesia

Mhando iyi yeamnesia inoratidzirwa nekuoma kwekuwana ruzivo rutsva: chiratidzo chinoratidzwa pano nechinetso mukuchengetedza ruzivo rwemazuva ano.

Dzorerazve amnesia

A temporal gradient inowanzoonekwa mumhando iyi yeamnesia: kureva kuti, kazhinji, varwere vanorwara neamnesia vanozoongorora ndangariro dzavo dziri kure, uye nekupesana zvakanaka nemusoro ndangariro dzazvino. .

Zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa mu amnesia zvichange zvichienderana zvakanyanya ne etiology yavo, uye naizvozvo havasi vose vachabatwa nenzira imwechete.

Parizvino, kurapwa kwezvinodhaka muchirwere cheAlzheimer kunoenderana nedanho rekuoma kweiyo pathology. Mishonga yacho inonyanya kunonoka, uye inotorwa pakutanga kwekushanduka. Kana kukomba kweiyo pathology kunowedzera, manejimendi anozonyanya magariro-yepfungwa, mukati mezvimiro zvakagadziridzwa kune vanhu ava vane ndangariro kusagadzikana.

Uye zvakare, rudzi rwekutarisira neuropsychological inovavarira kushandisa masimba akachengetedzwa muchirwere. Maekisesaizi anoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu anogona kupihwa, mukati mezvimiro zvakakodzera, senge nzvimbo dzekudzorera. Kudzidzisazve ndangariro chinhu chakakosha mukutarisira amnesia, kana kukanganiswa kwendangariro, pazera ripi neripi uye chero chikonzero.

Pane zvakachengetwa zvinhu, izvo zvichabatsira kuchengetedza munhu kubva panjodzi yekuva neurodegenerative chirwere. Pakati pavo: zvinhu zvehutsanana hwehupenyu. Saka zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza zvirwere zvakaita seshuga kana arterial hypertension, iyo inopindirana zvakanyanya neiyo neurodegenerative. Upenyu hune hutano, zvose zvinovaka muviri uye kuburikidza nekuita basa renguva dzose, zvichabatsira kuchengetedza chiyeuchidzo.

Pane imwe pfungwa yekuziva, iyo pfungwa yekuchengetera yekuziva yakasimbiswa: yakavakirwa zvakasimba pakudyidzana kwevanhu uye mwero wedzidzo. Ndezvekuchengeta mabasa ehungwaru, kutora chikamu mumasangano, kufamba. “Zvese izvi zviitiko zvinokurudzira munhu zvinhu zvinodzivirira, kuverenga ndechimwe chazvo.", Anosimbisa Francis Eustache.

Muzvinafundo anotsanangura kudaro, mune rimwe remabhuku ake kuti “kana varwere vaviri vakapa chiyero chakafanana chezvironda zvinoderedza simba ravo rehuropi, murwere 1 achapa mhirizhonga apo murwere 2 haazokanganiswi nekuziva, nokuti cerebral reserve yake inomupa muganhu mukuru, asati asvika pachikumbaridzo chakakomba chekushaya kukwana kwebasa.“. Muchokwadi, iyo reserve inotsanangurwa "maererano nehuwandu hwekukuvadzwa kwehuropi hunogona kushivirirwa usati wasvika pachikumbaridzo chekiriniki kutaura kwekushomeka.".

• Mune ino inonzi passive modhi, iyi dhizaini yehuropi saka zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehuwandu hwemaneuroni uye zvinongedzo zviripo.
• Iyo inonzi inoshanda yekuchengetedza modhi inofunga nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pevanhu nenzira yavanoita nayo mabasa, kusanganisira muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.
• Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvakare nzira dzekuripa, izvo zvinozoita kuti zvikwanise kutora mamwe ma network network, kunze kweaya anowanzo shandiswa, kuitira kutsiva kukuvara kwehuropi.

Kudzivirira harisi basa riri nyore: izwi rekuti kudzivirira rinoreva zvakawanda, kune munyori wekuAmerica Peter J. Whitehouse, chiremba wemishonga uye psychology, "kunonoka kutanga kwekuziva kuderera, kana kunonoka kufambira mberi kwayo, pane kuibvisa zvachose“. Nyaya huru yemazuva ano, sezvo mushumo wegore negore weUnited Nations wehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose wakaratidza muna 2005 kuti “nhamba yevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira inonzi yakawedzera zvakapetwa katatu muna 60, ichisvika vanhu vanoda kusvika bhiriyoni imwe nemazana mapfumbamwe.". 

Peter J. Whitehouse anokurudzira, pamwe nemumwe wake Daniel George, chirongwa chekudzivirira, nechinangwa chekudzivirira kuchembera kwehuropi pahwaro hwezvirwere zveurourodegenerative, zvichibva pa:

• pakudya: idya mafuta mashoma uye akazara uye zvokudya zvakagadziriswa, hove dzakawanda uye mafuta ane utano akadai se omega 3s, munyu muduku, kuderedza kushandiswa kwekoriori kwezuva nezuva, uye kunakidzwa nedoro zvine mwero; 
• pazvokudya zvakapfuma zvakakwana zvevana vaduku, kuitira kudzivirira pfungwa dzavo kubva paudiki;
• kurovedza muviri kwemaminitsi 15 kusvika ku30 pazuva, katatu pavhiki, kusarudza zvinhu zvinofadza munhu wacho; 
• pakudzivirira kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kune zvigadzirwa zvine chepfu sekudya hove dzine muchetura wakanyanya, uye kubvisa mutobvu nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu mumba;
• pakuderedza kushushikana, nekurovedza muviri, kuzorora zvekutandara, nekuzvikomberedza nevanhu vanodzikamisa;
• pamusoro pekukosha kwekuvaka chengetedzo yekuziva: kuita zvinhu zvinokurudzira, kuita zvidzidzo zvese zvinobvira uye kudzidziswa, kudzidza hunyanzvi hutsva, kubvumira zviwanikwa kuti zvigovererwe zvakaenzana muzvikoro;
• pamusoro pechishuvo chokuramba wakasimba kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu hwomunhu: kupfurikidza nokusazengurira kutsvaka betsero yavanachiremba kana kuti dzimwe nyanzvi dzoutano, kupfurikidza nokusarudza basa rinonyandura, kudzidza mutauro mutsva kana kuti kupfurikidza nokuridza chiridzwa chenziyo, kutamba bhodhi kana kuti mitambo yemakadhi. muboka, kuita hurukuro dzinokurudzira, kurima bindu, kuverenga mabhuku anokurudzira pfungwa, kutora zvidzidzo zvevakuru, kuzvipira, kuchengetedza maonero akanaka pamusoro pekuvapo, kudzivirira zvaanotenda;
• pamusoro pechokwadi chekuzvidzivirira kubva kune zvirwere: kudzivisa kutapukirwa muhuduku uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka iwe pachako nemhuri yako, kugovera mukurwisana kwepasi rose nezvirwere zvinotapukira, kutora maitiro ekurwisa kupisa kwepasi .

Uye Peter J. Whitehouse kuyeuka:

• zororo rine mwero rechiratidzo rinopihwa neazvino kurapa kwemishonga muchirwere cheAlzheimer;
• zvakarongeka zvinoodza mwoyo mhedzisiro inopiwa neazvino kukiriniki kuyedzwa pamitsva yekurapa mazano;
• kusava nechokwadi maererano nezvinogoneka zvekurapa mune ramangwana senge stem cell kana beta-amyloid vaccine.

Vanachiremba vaviri nenyanzvi dzepfungwa vanorayira hurumende kuti "inzwa kukurudzirwa zvakakwana kuti utange kutevera nuanced policy, iyo yaizovavarira kuvandudza hutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu, muhupenyu hwese hwevanhu, pane kupindura kuderera kwekuziva mushure mechokwadi.".

Uye Peter Whitehouse anozopedzisira atora mashoko aArne Naess, aimbove purofesa paUniversity yeOslo kwaakagadzira izwi rekuti “deep ecology”, achitaura pfungwa yekuti “.vanhu vakabatana nepedyo uye pamweya nenyika":"Funga segomo!“, Gomo rine mativi akakoromoka anotaura manzwiro ekuchinja kunononoka, sekuratidzwa kwemaitiro echisikigo ekuchembera, uye ane nhongonya nepamusoro pazvo zvinokurudzira kusimudzira kufunga kwemunhu…