Makore akati wandei apfuura, muratidziri weTV Andrey Maksimov akabudisa mabhuku ake ekutanga pamusoro pepfungwa dzepfungwa, dzaakanga achigadzira kwemakore anenge gumi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuona uye maitiro akagadzirirwa kubatsira munhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma epfungwa. Takataura nemunyori nezveiyi nzira yakavakirwa pairi uye nei zvakakosha kurarama zvinoenderana nezvido zvako.
Psychology: Chii chinonzi psychophilosophy zvakadaro? Yakavakirwa pai?
Andrey Maksimov: Psychophilosophy ihurongwa hwemaonero, misimboti uye maitiro, akagadzirirwa kubatsira munhu kuvaka hukama hwakabatana nenyika uye iye pachake. Kusiyana nehurongwa hwakawanda hwepfungwa, inotaurirwa kwete kune nyanzvi, asi kuvanhu vese. Ndokunge, kana shamwari, mwana, waunoshanda naye auya kune chero wedu ane matambudziko ake epfungwa, psychophilosophy inogona kubatsira.
Zvinonzi zvakadaro nekuti mumwe nemumwe wedu haana chete psyche, asiwo uzivi - ndiko kuti, maonero atinoita zvinoreva zvakasiyana. Munhu wose ane huzivi hwake: kune mumwe munhu chinhu chikuru imhuri, kune rimwe basa, kune wechitatu - rudo, wechina - mari. Kuti ubatsire munhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma - ndakakwereta izwi iri kubva kune akakurumbira weSoviet psychologist Leonid Grimak - unoda kunzwisisa psyche yake uye uzivi.
Chii chakakukurudzira kukudziridza pfungwa iyi?
AM: Ndakatanga kuigadzira pandakaona kuti 100% yevanhu ndivo vanopa mazano epfungwa kune mumwe nemumwe. Hama neshamwari dzinouya kune mumwe nemumwe wedu uye dzinokumbira mazano kana vane matambudziko muhukama nevadiwa, vana, vabereki kana shamwari, ivo pachavo, pakupedzisira. Sezvo mutemo, muhurukuro idzi tinovimba neruzivo rwedu, izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi.
Chokwadi ndicho chinotifurira, uye tinogona kugadzira chokwadi ichi, tosarudza zvinotikanganisa uye zvisingaite
Panogona kunge pasina chiitiko chepasi rose, nekuti Ishe (kana Chisikwa - ani nani ari padyo) inyanzvi yechidimbu, munhu wega wega. Mukuwedzera, chiitiko chedu chinowanzova chakaipa. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi vakarambwa vanofarira zvikuru kupa mazano pamusoro pokuponesa mhuri. Saka ndakafunga kuti isu tinoda imwe mhando yehurongwa iyo - hurombo kune iyo tautology - ichabatsira vanhu kubatsira vanhu.
Uye kuti uwane mhinduro kudambudziko, unofanirwa ...
AM: ... kuteerera kune zvishuwo zvako, izvo-uye izvi zvakakosha-hazvifanire kuvhiringwa nezvido. Kana munhu achiuya kwandiri neizvi kana dambudziko iro, nguva dzose zvinoreva kuti kana haazivi zvishuvo zvake, kana kuti haadi - haagoni, kureva, haadi - kurarama nazvo. A psychophilosopher ndiye interlocutor anobatsira munhu kuona zvishuvo zvake uye kunzwisisa kuti nei akasika chokwadi chakadaro umo asingafari. Chokwadi ndicho chinotifurira, uye tinokwanisa kugadzira chokwadi ichi, tosarudza zvinotikanganisa uye zvisingaite.
Unogona here kupa muenzaniso chaiwo kubva mukudzidzira?
AM: Mumwe mukadzi wechidiki akauya kwandiri kuzobvunzana naye, aishanda mukambani yababa vake uye aigara zvakanaka kwazvo. Akanga asingafariri zvebhizimisi, aida kuva nyanzvi. Muhurukuro yedu zvakava pachena kuti anonyatsoziva kuti kana akasazadzisa chiroto chake, hupenyu hwake huchararamwa pasina. Aingoda tsigiro.
Nhanho yekutanga kuenda kuhupenyu hutsva, husina kubudirira kwaive kutengeswa kwemotokari inodhura uye kutengwa kweimwe bhajeti modhi. Ipapo pamwe chete takagadzira hurukuro yakananga kuna baba vangu.
Nhamba huru yezvinetso pakati pevabereki nevana inomuka nekuti vabereki havaoni hunhu mumwana wavo.
Akanga achinetseka zvikuru, achitya kuita kwakashata kwakashata, asi zvakazoitika kuti baba vake vamene vakaona kuti akanga achitambura, achiita chinhu chisingadikanwi, uye vakamutsigira muchishuvo chake chokuva muimbi. Zvadaro, akazova mugadziri akatsvakwa. Hongu, mune zvemari, akarasikirwa zvishoma, asi iye zvino anorarama nenzira yaanoda, nenzira yaakaita "akarurama" kwaari.
Mumuenzaniso uyu, tiri kutaura nezvemwana akura nemubereki wake. Zvakadini nekunetsana nevana vaduku? Pano psychophilosophy inogona kubatsira?
AM: Mune psychophilosophy kune chikamu "psycho-philosophical pedagogy", yandakabudisa mabhuku akawanda. Nheyo huru: mwana munhu. Nhamba huru yezvinetso uye kusanzwisisana pakati pevabereki nevana zvinomuka nokuti vabereki havaoni unhu mumwana wavo, havamubate semunhu.
Tinowanzotaura nezvekuda kwekuda mwana. Zvinorevei? Kuda zvinoreva kukwanisa kuzviisa panzvimbo yake. Uye kana iwe uchipopotera ma deuces, uye paunoisa mukona ...
Mubvunzo watinowanzo bvunza ma psychologists uye psychotherapists: zvakakosha here kuda vanhu kuitira kuti uite?
AM: Mukuona kwangu, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuratidza kufarira kwechokwadi kune vanhu, kana zvisina kudaro haufaniri kuedza kuvabatsira. Iwe haugone kuda munhu wese, asi iwe unogona kunzwira tsitsi kune wese. Hapana kana munhu mumwechete, kubva kune vasina pekugara kusvika kuna mambokadzi wechiRungu, angave asina chekuchema usiku, zvinoreva kuti vanhu vese vanoda tsitsi ...
Psychophilosophy - mukwikwidzi kune psychotherapy?
AM: Hapana zvakadaro. Chokutanga pane zvose, nokuti psychotherapy inofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi, uye psychophilosophy - ndinodzokorora - inotaurirwa kuvanhu vose.
Viktor Frankl akapatsanura ese neuroses mumhando mbiri: yekiriniki uye iripo. A psychophilosopher anogona kubatsira munhu ane existential neurosis, ndiko kuti, nezviitiko izvozvo kana zvasvika pakutsvaga zvinoreva hupenyu. Munhu ane kiriniki neurosis anoda kubvunza nyanzvi - chiremba wepfungwa kana psychotherapist.
Zvinogara zvichigoneka here kugadzira chokwadi chinopindirana chakazvimiririra kunze kwemamiriro ekunze?
AM: Zvechokwadi, pasina simba majeure mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai nzara, hondo, kudzvinyirirwa, izvi zviri nyore kuita. Asi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvinokwanisika kugadzira imwe, chokwadi chakanaka. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira ndiViktor Frankl, uyo, kutaura idi, akachinja kupfigirwa kwake mumusasa wevasungwa kuva rabhoritari yendangariro.