Mukati
Chii chinonzi bacterial meningitis?
Meningitis kuzvimba uye kutapukira kwemeninges, membranes dzakatetepa dzakatenderedza uropi nemuzongoza (yepakati tsinga). Utachiona hunogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona (viral meningitis), bhakitiriya (bacterial meningitis), kana fungus kana parasite.
Munyaya yebhakitiriya meningitis, mhuri dzakasiyana uye marudzi ebhakitiriya anogona kubatanidzwa. Muzviitiko zvese, kurapwa kunobva pakunyorerwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kazhinji netsinga.
Pneumococcal yomumuzongoza
Iyo pneumococcus, yezita rayo rechiLatin Streptococcus pneumoniae, imhuri yebhakitiriya inokwanisa kukonzera zvirwere zvakati wandei kana zvishoma, kubva ku sinusitis kusvika kune pneumonia, kusanganisira meningitis kana otitis.
Iyo pneumococcus ibhakitiriya inogona kunge iripo mu nasopharyngeal sphere (mhino, pharynx uye zvichida muromo) ye "vatakuri vane hutano" pasina kukonzera zviratidzo. Nekudaro, kana ikapfuudzwa kune munhu asina uye / kana ane dziviriro yekudzivirira isina kukwana, inogona kutungamira kune otitis, sinusitis, kana kunyange pneumonia kana meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae inopinda muropa uye inosvika kumeninji.
Huwandu hwevanhu vanofa nepneumococcal meningitis hwakanyanya kune vakwegura uye muvana vadiki nevacheche. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwemeningitis harwutungamiriri kune zvirwere sezvinogona kuonekwa munyaya yebhakitiriya meningococcal meningitis.
Neisseria Meningitidis : nyaya yemeningococcal meningitis
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, mabhakitiriya Neisseria meningitidis, kubva kumhuri yemeningococcal, inonyanya kukonzera meningitis. Kune 13 strains, kana serogroups yemhuri yebhakitiriya iyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira meningococcal meningitis mhando B uye mhando C, inonyanyozivikanwa muEurope, pamwe nemhando A, W, X uye Y.
MuFrance muna 2018, maererano nedata kubva kuNational Reference Center yeMeningococci uye Haemophilus influenzae kubva kuInstitut Pasteur, pakati pezviitiko zve416 zvemeningococcal meningitis iyo serogroup yaizivikanwa nayo, 51% vaive serogroup B, 13% vaive C, 21% yeW, 13% yeY uye 2% yemaserogroups asingasviki kana asina-serogroupable.
Cherechedza kuti mabhakitiriya Neisseria meningitidis inowanikwa mu ENT sphere (huro, mhino) kubva pa1 kusvika ku10% yehuwandu (kunze kwenguva yedenda), maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO). Asi zvinoitika kuti bhakitiriya iri rinokurira immune system uye rinokonzera meningitis, kunyanya mucheche, vana vadiki, vechidiki kana vechidiki, uye varwere vasina immunocompromised.
Listeria, Haemophilus influenzae et Escherichia coli, mamwe mabhakitiriya anobatanidzwa
Inonyatsozivikanwa kune vakadzi vane pamuviri, the Listeria chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzera listeriosis muzvidzidzo zvisina kusimba, asi chinogona kukonzera meningitis. Saka kukosha kwe tevera mazano ekudya uye ehutsanana panguva yekuzvitakura uye achiri mudiki, pakati pevamwe mu kudzivisa chizi uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakagadzirwa nemukaka mbishi, mbishi, unoputa kana nyama isina kunyatsobikwa, etc. Listeria monocytogenes inoparadzirwa kuburikidza negumbo rekudya kana yakasvibiswa mishonga yemukaka kana nyama inotonhora inopedzwa.
Mamwe marudzi ebhakitiriya meningitis aripo, kunyanya iwoyo yakabatana nemabhakitiriya Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), iyo yakanga ichiri kuwanda zvikuru muFrance makumi amakore mashomanene apfuura. Mushonga wekudziviriraHaemophilus influenzae, yatanga yapiwa zano ichibva yaita zvekumanikidzira, yakaderedza kuitika kwerudzi urwu rwemeningitis nemabayo anokonzerwa neutachiona uhwu.
Kune zvakare meningitis yakabatana nayo bacterium Escherichia coli, ndiani angava chikafu, panguva kuberekwa, nokuda kwekubatwa nenhengo yesikarudzi yaamai. Vana vanozvarwa vane uremu hushoma uye vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana ndivo vari panjodzi huru.
Iyo inotapukira mumiriri wetibhii inogona zvakare kukonzera meningitis muvanhu vasina immunocompromised.
Contagion: unobata sei bacterial meningitis?
Kutapurirwa kwebhakitiriya meningitis, kungave nekuda kwepneumococcus kana meningococcus, kunoitika kuburikidza nepedyo, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga uye kwenguva refu kusangana nasopharyngeal secretions, nemamwe mazwi nemadonhwe emate, chikosoro, mapostillions. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa (matoyi, cutlery) inogona zvakare kutapurirana hutachiona, hungave hwakavharirwa kune ENT sphere kana kusvika kune meninges, kunyanya muvarwere vasina immunocompromised, vacheche nevana vadiki.
Cherechedza kuti pneumococcal meningitis inogonawo kuitika mushure mekurwadzisa musoro, izvo zvichagadzira kutyora mumeninges. Izvi zvinonzi post-traumatic meningitis. Pneumococcal meningitis inogonawo kuitika mushure mechirwere cheENT (otitis, kutonhora, bronchiolitis, furu…).
Zviratidzo zvebhakitiriya meningitis
Bacterial meningitis inosanganisira marudzi maviri makuru ezviratidzo, anoti:
- un infectious syndrome, kuunganidza pamwe chete zviratidzo zvehutachiwana zvakadai sefivha yakanyanya, misoro yakaoma, kurutsa (kunyanya mujeti);
- uye meningeal syndrome, chiratidzo chekuputika kwemeninges, izvo zvinoguma nekuoma kwemutsipa, kuvhiringidzika, kuvhiringidzika kwekuziva, kuneta, kunzwa kuchiedza (photophobia), kunyange coma kana kubatwa.
Zviratidzo izvo dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuona mumwana
Ziva kuti muvana vadiki, uye kunyanya vacheche, zviratidzo zvemeningitis zvinogona kunge zvisina kujeka uye zvakaoma kuona.
Vamwe varipo ruvara rwakachena kana kuti grey, pfari kana kugwinha gwinha mhasuru. Mwana mudiki anogona kuramba kudya, kuva muchimiro che kugona zvisina kujairika, kana kuda kugara uchichema, kana kunyanya kunetseka. a Kuputika kwefontanel kubva pamusoro pedehenya uye hypersensitivity kubata inogonawo kuonekwa, kunyange izvi zvisina kurongeka.
Muzviitiko zvese, fivha yakakwira kamwe kamwe inofanira kutungamirira kubvunzurudzo yekukurumidzira.
Le purpura fulminans, njodzi inokosha
Kuvapo kwemavara matsvuku kana epurplish, anonzi purpura fulminans, Mabvazuva mucherechedzo wesimba regiravhiti rakanyanyisa bhakitiriya meningitis. Kuonekwa kwemavara akadaro paganda kunofanira kutungamirira kukurumidza kutarisirwa, nechinangwa chekukurumidza kuchipatara. Kana purpura yakaonekwa uye yakabatana nezviratidzo zvemeningitis, kutungamirirwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunotanga nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kutanga kwepurpura nekuda kwemeningitis ndeye mhedziso yokukurumidzira, nokuti i kutyisidzira kwe septic shock, iyo inotyisidzira upenyu (tinowanzotaura nezvemheni meningitis).
Sezvo zviratidzo zvekiriniki zviri pedyo pakati pemeningitis nekuda kwehutachiona kana bhakitiriya, ndizvo cerebrospinal fluid kuongorora, yakatorwa kubva kumusana panguva a lumbar puncture, izvo zvichaita kuti zvikwanisike kuziva kana meningitis ichibva kubhakitiriya kana kuti kwete. Kana kutaridzika kwemvura yakatorwa kuchigona kupa pfungwa yerudzi rwemeningitis iri kutaurwa (asi purulent muhupo hwebhakitiriya), kuongororwa kwakadzama kwemuenzaniso kuchaita kuti zvikwanise kuziva kuti ndechipi chinokonzera uye nekudaro. kugadzirisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya zvichienderana.
Bacterial meningitis: kudzivirira kunoda jekiseni
Kudzivirirwa kwebhakitiriya meningitis kunonyanya kuenderana nekushandiswa kwezvikumbiro zvechirongwa chekudzivirira. Muchokwadi, kubaya kwekudzivirira kunodzivirira kubva kuhutachiona hwakasiyana hunogona kukonzera meningitis, kunyanya Streptococcus mabayo, mamwe serogroups ebhakitiriya Neisseria meningitidis, et Haemophilus influenzae.
Meningococcal vaccine
Kudzivirira meningococcal serogroup C ndiko zvinomanikidzirwa muvacheche vakazvarwa kubva muna Ndira 1, 2018, uye yakakurudzirwa kuvana vanozvarwa zuva rino risati rasvika maererano nechirongwa chinotevera:
- kuvacheche, kubaiwa pa 5 months, inoteverwa nechiyero che booster pazera remwedzi gumi nemiviri (nejekiseni rimwechete kana zvichibvira), uchiziva kuti mwedzi gumi nemiviri inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neMMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine;
- Kubva pazera remwedzi gumi nemaviri uye kusvika pazera remakore makumi maviri nemana, kune avo vasina kugamuchira chekare chekudzivirira chepakutanga, chirongwa chacho chinosanganisira imwe chete.
Meningococcal type B vaccine, inonzi Bexsero, iyo inokurudzirwa uye inobhadharwa chete mune mamwe mamiriro chaiwo, kunyanya mune vanhu vasina kusimba vari panjodzi kana mune denda. ;
Iyo meningococcal conjugate tetravalent vaccine inopesana neserogroups A, C, Y, W135, inokurudzirwawo mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Kudzivirira zvirwere zvepneumococcal
Kudzivirira zvirwere zvepneumococcal ndiko zvinomanikidzirwa kune vacheche vakazvarwa kubva muna Ndira 1, 2018, maererano nechirongwa chinotevera:
- majekiseni maviri akaparadzana nemwedzi miviri (mwedzi miviri nemina);
- booster pazera remwedzi gumi neimwe.
Mushure memakore e2, vaccination inokurudzirwa kuvana nevakuru vari pangozi ne immunosuppression kana chirwere chisingaperi chinokonzera kuitika kwepneumococcal infection (chirwere cheshuga kunyanya). Zvino zvinosanganisira majekiseni maviri akaparadzana 2 mwedzi akaparadzana, achiteverwa nebooster mwedzi minomwe gare gare.
Hemophilus influenzae mhando B yekudzivirira
Kudzivirira utachiona Haemophilus influenzae rudzi B is zvinomanikidzirwa yevacheche vakazvarwa musi waNdira 1, 2018 kana kuti mushure, uye yakakurudzirwa kuvana vakazvarwa zuva risati rasvika, zvakasanganiswa nemishonga yekudzivirira diphtheria, tetanus uye polio (DTP):
- jekiseni pamwedzi miviri uyezve pamwedzi mina;
- chiyeuchidzo pamwedzi gumi neimwe.
Un kubata-up vaccination inogona kuitwa kusvika pazera remakore 5. Inobva yasanganisira madhizi maviri uye booster kana mwana ari pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu ne6, uye chirwere chimwe chete kupfuura mwedzi gumi nemiviri uye kusvika pazera remakore mashanu.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti majekiseni aya akaita kuti zvikwanisike kuderedza huwandu hwezviitiko zvebhakitiriya meningitis mucheche nevana vaduku, pamwe nekufa kune chokuita nezvirwere zvakakomba izvi.
Vaccination haingobvumiri kuchengetedzwa kwega, inodzikamisa kupararira kweaya mabhakitiriya uye nekudaro chengetedza avo vasingakwanisi kuwana jekiseni, kunyanya vacheche uye varwere vasina immunocompromised.
matura:
- https://www.pasteur.fr/fr/centre-medical/fiches-maladies/meningites-meningocoques
- https://www.ameli.fr/assure/sante/themes/meningite-aigue/definition-causes-facteurs-favorisants
- https://www.associationpetitange.com/meningites-bacteriennes.html
- https://www.meningitis.ca/fr/Overview
- https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_17_Pneumococcus_French_R1.pdf