Crayfish - nzira yekubata crayfish pane crayfish, mabheti, kupi kubata

kenza (Astacus astacus), kana common crayfish, ndeyekurongeka kwedecapod crustaceans (Decapoda). Iyo miviri yepamberi yemakumbo yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya uye inopera neclaws, iyo iyo crayfish inobata mhuka uye inozvidzivirira. Mapeya mana anotevera emakumbo asina kukura ndeekufambisa. Pasi pegoko remuswe pane mamwe mapaya mashanu emakumbo mapfupi ane atrophied. Anterior pair inogadzirwa muvarume kuita tubular jena rakareba. Muchikadzi, makumbo anoenderana anenge atrophied zvachose. Bonde remudiki crayfish rinogona kuoneka chete nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwe tubular nhengo dzesikarudzi. Bonde rehove huru iri nyore kuziva nekuenzanisa nzwara nemiswe yavo: makuhwa echirume akakura, uye muswe wehadzi wakapamhama kupfuura wemumwe murume. Muswe wakafara wemukadzi unodzivirira mazai paanenge achikura pasi pemuswe, akabatanidzwa nemakumbo mapfupi. Kuvhura kwechikadzi muvakadzi kunowanikwa pasi peyechitatu yemakumbo, uye muvarume - pazasi pechishanu chemakumbo.

Habitat uye mararamiro

Zvirwere zvegomarara zvakanyanya kupenga maererano nenharaunda kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji. Mvura yavanogara inofanira kuva yakachena; crayfish haigoni kuberekera mumvura ine munyu kana munyu-yakachena yegungwa. Izvo zviri mukati meokisijeni mumvura ye crayfish inoda zvakafanana nehove yesalmon. Kune hupenyu hwakajairika hwe crayfish mumwaka wekudziya, mvura inofanirwa kunge iine okisijeni inopfuura 5 mg / l. Crayfish inogona kurarama mumvura ine chiedza uye yakasviba, chero bedzi isina yakawandisa acidity. Iyo pH kukosha kwemvura yakanakira hupenyu hwecrayfish inofanira kunge iri pamusoro pe6,5. Kukura kwecrayfish mumvura ine lime-depleted inononoka. Crayfish inonetseka zvakanyanya nekusvibiswa kwemvura. Kana mamiriro ehupenyu akanaka, saka crayfish inogona kugara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura yakachena - madziva, nzizi, madziva e oxbow uye hova. Nekudaro, zvinoita sekunge nzvimbo inofarira yecrayfish ichiri nzizi.

Munzvimbo dzekugara dze crayfish, pasi pechidziva chinofanira kunge chakasimba uye chisina silt. Pamusoro pevhu ine madhaka, uyewo pamahombekombe ane matombo kana jecha, uyewo mumvura isina kudzika ine pasi, yakachena, crayfish haiwaniki, sezvo isingagoni kuzviwanira pokugara kana kuichera kunze. Crayfish inoda pasi pematombo apo inokwanisa kuwana pekugara zviri nyore, kana kuti pasi yakakodzera kuchera. Crayfish burrows inowanikwa mumakomba emahombekombe kana mumatope emahombekombe. Kazhinji kazhinji ivo vari pamuganhu wezvakaoma uye zvinyoro pasi. Iyo yekubuda kubva mugomba, iyo coridor inogona kureba kupfuura mita, inowanzovanzwa pasi pehunde yemuti wakawa, midzi yemiti kana pasi pematombo. Gomba recrayfish riri padyo, rakacherwa zvichienderana nekukura kwemugari, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti crayfish ironge dziviriro kubva pakurwiswa kwehama hombe. Kenza yakaoma kuvhomora mugomba, anonamatira zvakasimba kumadziro ayo nemakumbo ake. Kuti gomba rinogarwa kunoratidzwa nevhu idzva pamusuwo. Gomarara rinogara pakadzika 0,5 kusvika 3,0 m. Nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzekugara dzinotorwa nevarume vakuru, dzisina kukodzera dzinosara dzevarume nevakadzi vasina simba. Vana vaduku vanogara mumvura isina kudzika pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa pachayo, pasi pematombo, mashizha nematavi.

Chirwere chegomarara munzira yaro yehupenyu imheta. Mumwe nemumwe ane imwe nzvimbo yekugara inodzivirira kubva kuhama. Munguva yemasikati, crayfish iri muhuvanda, ichivhara mukova wayo nemakwenzi. Achiona njodzi, anokurumidza kudzokera shure, achipinda mugomba. Iyo crayfish inobuda kunotsvaka zvokudya manheru, uye mumamiriro ekunze ane makore - masikati. Kazhinji inofamba mumvura usiku yakatambanudzira nzwara kumberi uye muswe wayo wakatwasuka, asi kana ichitya, inoshambira ichidzokera shure nekurova muswe kwakasimba. Zvinotendwa kuti gomarara rinogara panzvimbo imwe chete. Nekudaro, mushure memavhiki mashoma, tagged crayfish inowira mugiya mazana emamita kubva kunzvimbo dzavakange vakamakwa.

kukura

Kukura kwe crayfish kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekupisa uye kuumbwa kwemvura, kuwanikwa kwechikafu uye kuwanda kwe crayfish mudura. Kukura kwe crayfish mumadhamu akasiyana akasiyana. Asi kunyange mune rimwe dura gore negore hazvidiwi, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekupisa kwemvura. Muzhizha rekutanga nerechipiri rehupenyu, varume nevakadzi vane kukura kwakafanana, asi pakupera kwezhizha rechitatu, kana gore rechipiri rehupenyu, varume vari paavhareji vakatokura kupfuura vakadzi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekumaodzanyemba kweFinland, crayfish inosvika 1,4-2,2 cm pakureba pakupera kwezhizha rekutanga, 2,5-4,0 cm pakupera kwezhizha rechipiri, uye 4,5-6,0; 10 cm pakupera kwezhizha rechitatu. hukuru hunobvumirwa kubata (6 cm) hunowanikwa nevarume pamakore 7-1, vakadzi pamakore 8-XNUMX. Mumvura ine chikafu chakakwana checrayfish uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, crayfish inogona kusvika kuhukuru hunobvumirwa kubata hove makore maviri apfuura kupfuura nguva yakaratidzwa, asi pasi pemamiriro asina kunaka - makore akawanda gare gare.

Vanhu vanowanzobvunza kuti yakakura sei crayfish inogona kukura. Chipangamazano chehove Brofeldt muna 1911 akacherekedza kuti muguta reKangasala maive nemifananidzo yakareba 16-17 cm, kunyangwe ipapo crayfish yakadaro yakabatwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Suomalainen akataura kuti 1908-12,5 cm kureba crayfish yakabatwa mu13 yaive yepakati-saizi mienzaniso. Zvipupuriro izvi zvinoita sengano kwatiri - crayfish haifanirwe kunge yakakura kudaro. Muna 1951, magazini yeSeura yaiva murongi wemakwikwi - ndiani achabata crayfish huru munguva yezhizha. Akakunda aiva mukwikwidzi akabata crayfish yakareba 17,5 cm, kusvika kumuromo weclaw - 28,3 cm, inorema 165 g. Kanzuru yaingova nembambo imwe chete, inotsanangura huremu hwayo hushoma. Zvinogona kutorwa sechishamiso kuti mukadzi akave gofori kenza. Panzvimbo yechipiri paive nemukono, wakareba masendimita 16,5, uye kumazano ezvidyari - 29,9 cm. Muenzaniso uyu wairema 225 g. Mimwe mienzaniso yakabatwa crayfish 17,0-17,5 cm kureba inozivikanwa kubva mumabhuku. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti, maererano nemusayendisiti wekuEstonia, Järvekulgin, hove hono inopfuura 16 cm kureba uye inorema 150 g, uye crayfish yechikadzi inopfuura 12 cm kureba uye kurema 80-85 g, hazviwanzoitiki. Sezviri pachena, mukadzi akabatwa muFinland muna 1951 anogona kunzi hofori.

Zvakadini nezera remakanje? Makakanje anorarama kwenguva yakareba sei? Kusvika pari zvino, hapana nzira yakakwana yekuziva zera re crayfish, yakafanana nematanho ezera rehove. Hupenyu hwehupenyu hwevanhu ve crayfish hunomanikidzwa kurongeka nekuenzanisa mapoka ezera kana mapoka e crayfish yehurefu hwakafanana. Nemhaka yeizvi, hazvibviri kunyatsoona zera remhando imwe chete yakakura. Pane ruzivo mumabhuku pamusoro pegomarara rinosvika makore makumi maviri.

Molting

Crayfish inokura, sokunge zvakadaro, mukusvetuka uye miganhu - painotsiva goko. Molting inguva yakakosha muhupenyu hwe crayfish, panguva ino kune kunyatso kuvandudzwa kwenhengo dzavo. Mukuwedzera kune chifukidzo chechitinous, zvose zviri kumusoro kwepamusoro retina uye gill, pamwe chete nepamusoro pekudzivirira kwepamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemuromo uye zvikamu zvezvikamu zvekudya, zvinovandudzwa. Isati yanyunguduka, crayfish inovanda kwemazuva akati wandei mugomba rayo. Asi molt pachayo inoitirwa pakachena, kwete mugomba. Kutsiva shell kunotora chete anenge 5-10 maminitsi. Ipapo kenza isingadziviriri yakavharwa kwevhiki kana maviri, panguva yekuomeswa kwegoko, munzvimbo yekuvanda. Panguva ino, haadyi, haafambi, uye, chokwadi, haawire mumagetsi.

Munyu weCalcium unobva muropa uchipinda mugoko idzva wobva waripa pamuviri. Vasati vanyunguduka, vanounganidza mune maviri oval akasimba maumbirwo anowanikwa mu crayfish mudumbu. Dzimwe nguva pakudya kenza, vanogona kuonekwa.

Moulting inoitika chete mumwaka unodziya. Muzhizha rekutanga rehupenyu, kenza inoputika ka4-7, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekukura, muzhizha rechipiri - 3-4 nguva, muzhizha rechitatu - katatu uye muzhizha rechina - 3 nguva. Varume vakuru molt 2-1 nguva mumwaka, uye vakadzi vasvika pakuyaruka, sekutonga, kamwe chete. Pedyo nemuganhu wekuchamhembe wekugoverwa kwecrayfish, mamwe madzimai anonyunguduka gore rechipiri rega rega.

Kunyunguduka kwevarume, pamwe chete nevakadzi vasina mazai pasi pemiswe yavo, kunoitika pakupera kwaJune; vakadzi vanotakura mazai - chete kana zvipembenene zvichibuda mumazai uye zvakaparadzana naamai. Kumaodzanyemba kweFinland, vakadzi vakadaro vanowanzochinja goko ravo mukutanga kwaJuly, uye kuchamhembe kweFinland, molt yavo inopinda muna August.

Kana kutanga kwezhizha kuchitonhora, molt inogona kunonoka mavhiki akati wandei. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kana nguva yekubata hove inotanga (kubva munaJuly 21), shell inogona kunge isati yaoma, uye crayfish haigoni kuwira mumagetsi.

Kubereka

Murume crayfish inosvika pakukura kwepabonde inenge 6-7 cm, vakadzi - 8 cm. Dzimwe nguva kune vakadzi 7 cm kureba, vakatakura mazai pasi pemiswe yavo. Varume muFinland vanosvika pakukura kwepabonde pamakore 3-4 (zvichienderana nemwaka wemakore 4-5), uye vakadzi pamakore 4-6 (zvichienderana nemwaka we5-7-year).

Kukura pabonde kwekrayfish kunogona kutariswa nekusimudza zvinyoro ganda goko repashure. Mumurume asvika pakuyaruka, ma-curls e-white tubules anoonekwa mumuswe pasi pe "ganda" rakatetepa. Ruvara ruchena rwema tubules, ayo dzimwe nguva anokanganisa maparasite, imhaka yemvura iri mavari. Pasi pegoko remukadzi, mazai anoonekwa, ayo anotangira kubva kuruvara rweorenji kusvika kune tsvuku-tsvuku, zvichienderana nekukura kwekukura kwavo. Kusvirana kwehadzi kunokwanisawo kutariswa nemitsetse michena inomhanya nechepazasi pemuswe carapace. Aya ndiwo matinji anoburitsa chinhu icho mazai anobva anamatira kumakumbo emuswe.

Crayfish kusangana kunoitika mumatsutso, munaGunyana-Gumiguru. Crayfish haiunganidzi, sehove, yekuberekesa nzvimbo, kubereka kwavo kunoitika munzvimbo dzavanogara. Mukono unotenderedza hadzi kumusana wayo nemazinzwara mahombe uye inonamira spermatophores pabeche remukadzi nenzira yeruvara ruchena rwetriangular. Kwapera mazuva mashomanana, kana kuti kunyange mavhiki, hadzi, yakarara nemanhede, inokandira mazai. Mumamiriro ezvinhu eFinnish, mukadzi anowanzoisa kubva ku50 kusvika ku1 mazai, uye dzimwe nguva kusvika ku50. Mazai haaparadzanidzi kubva kumukadzi, asi anoramba ari mu gelatinous mass yakavanzwa nemagland ake.

Pasi pemuswe wemukadzi, mazai anokura kusvika pakutanga kwezhizha rinotevera. Munguva yechando, nhamba yemazai inoderedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemagetsi uye hutachiona hwefungal. Kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweFinland, maruva anoputika muhafu yekutanga yaJuly, kuchamhembe kwenyika - muhafu yechipiri yaJuly, zvichienderana nekupisa kwemvura pakutanga kwezhizha. Makonye anenge atove kureba 9-11 mm paanobuda mumazai uye akafanana zvakanyanya nehove duku. Asi musana wavo wakanyanya kutenderera uye wakapamhama, uye muswe nemakumbo hazvina kusimba kupfuura mudiki crayfish. Makonye anogara kwemazuva angangoita gumi pasi pemuswe waamai kusvika asveta yolk dzvuku inoonekera kusvika kumagumo. Mushure mezvo, vanoparadzaniswa naamai vavo uye vanotanga hupenyu hwekuzvimirira.

chikafu

kenza - an omnivore. Inodya zvirimwa, zvipenyu zvebenthic, inodya kunyange hama, kunyanya idzo dzakanyungudika kana dzichangobva kudurura uye nekudaro hadzina dziviriro. Asi chikafu chikuru chichiri miriwo, kana kuti, mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu, crayfish inodya zvakanyanya pazvipenyu zvepasi uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoshandura kudyara chikafu. Chikafu chikuru ihonye dzezvipembenene, kunyanya twumhutu tunopwanya, nehozhwa. Vekutanga vane makore ekutanga vanodya plankton, nhata dzemvura, nezvimwe.

Gomarara hariuraye kana kuomesa mhuka yayo, asi, ichiibata nenzwara, inoitsenga, ichiruma chidimbu nechidimbu nenhengo dzakapinza dzemukanwa. Gomarara rechidiki rinogona kudya gonye reumhutu rakareba masendimita akawanda kwemaminetsi maviri.

Pane maonero ekuti kenza, kudya caviar nehove, kunokuvadza indasitiri yehove. Asi ruzivo urwu rwakavakirwa zvakanyanya pakufungidzira pane chokwadi. Sekutanga kwezana ramakore razvino, TX Yarvi akataura kuti munzvimbo idzi dzakaunzwa crayfish, nhamba yehove haina kuderera, uye mumadziva umo denda rakaparadza crayfish, nhamba yehove haina kuwedzera. Hapana imwe ye1300 crayfish yakabatwa nekutsvakurudza kubva kunzizi mbiri yakadya hove, kunyange zvazvo paiva nehove dzakawanda uye dzakasiyana-siyana. Harisi gomarara iroro asi rinogona kubata hove. Mafambiro ake anononoka anonyengedza, anokwanisa kukurumidza uye nemazvo kubata mhuka nemakwenzi. Chikamu chisingakoshi chehove mukudya kwecrayfish sezviri pachena imhaka yekuti hove haingoshambira pedyo nenzvimbo dzinogara crayfish. Hove dzisina kushanda, dzinorwara kana dzakakuvara, kenza, hongu, inokwanisa kudya muhuwandu uye inonyatso chenesa pasi pegomba kubva kuhove dzakafa.

Vavengi ve crayfish

Kenza ine vavengi vazhinji pakati pehove nemhuka dzinoyamwisa, kunyangwe ichinyatsochengetedzwa negoko. Eel, burbot, perch uye pike vanoda kudya crayfish, kunyanya panguva yavo molt. Iyo eel, iyo inogona kupinda nyore nyore mugomba re crayfish, ndiye muvengi ane njodzi pane vanhu vakuru. Kune vechidiki macrustaceans anogara mumvura yemahombekombe, chikara chine ngozi ndeye perch. Makonye nepwere dze crayfish dzinodyiwawo neroach, bream nedzimwe hove dzinodya pasi pezvipenyu.

Pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa, vavengi vakakurumbira ve crayfish ndiyo muskrat uye mink. Munzvimbo dzekudyira dzemhuka idzi, padyo nemahombekombe emadziva, unogona kuwana yakawanda yemarara echikafu - crustacean shells. Uye zvakadaro, kupfuura zvose, haisi hove uye mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzinoparadza crayfish, asi denda recrayfish.

kubata crayfish

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti crayfish yakabatwa kare kare. Kusvikira kuMiddle Ages, dzaishandiswa semishonga. Madota ecrayfish yakatsva akarayirwa kumwaya maronda kubva pakurumwa nembwa ine chimbwamupengo, nyoka nechinyavada. Iko kune yakabikwa crayfish yakarongerwawo kune zvinangwa zvekurapa, semuenzaniso, nekuneta.

Kubva muzvinyorwa zvenhoroondo zvinozivikanwa kuti pamuzinda weSweden watove muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. akapa ongororo yakakodzera yekuravira kwecrayfish. Sezvingatarisirwa, vakuru vakuru muFinland vakatanga kutevedzera vamambo. Varimi vakabata ndokuendesa crayfish kuvakuru, asi ivo pachavo vakabata “chikara” nokusavimba kukuru.

Mwaka wekuredza crayfish muFinland unotanga munaChikunguru 21 uye unoenderera kusvika pakupera kwaGumiguru. Kutanga kubva pahafu yechipiri yaSeptember, kubata kunoderedzwa. Mukuita, kubata crayfish kunomiswa mavhiki mashomanana kusati kwarambidzwa, nokuti mukupera kwematsutso nyama yecrayfish inorasikirwa nekunaka kwayo, uye shell inova yakaoma uye yakaoma.

Crayfish inobata pakutanga kwemwaka inoenderana nekupisa kwemvura. Kana Chivabvu naChikumi vachidziya uye tembiricha yemvura yakakwira, ipapo kunyunguduka kwevose varume nevakadzi kunopera nguva yekuredza isati yatanga. Muchiitiko ichi, kubata kwakanaka kubva pakutanga. Muchirimo chinotonhora, kunyungudika kunogona kunonoka, uye crayfish inotanga kufamba mushure mekuoma kwegoko chete pakupera kwaChikunguru. Sezvo mutemo, kumaodzanyemba kweFinland pakutanga kwemwaka, crayfish inogara ichibatwa zviri nani kupfuura kuchamhembe, uko kunyunguduka kwecrayfish kunoitika gare gare.

Nzira dzekuredza uye giya

Maererano nekuwedzera kwekuredza nemambure, dzimwe nzira dzekubata crayfish dzinoramba dziri kumashure kana kuti dzakakanganwa zvachose. Uye zvakadaro, crayfish inogona kubatwa nenzira dzakawanda, izvo zvisiri nyore, asi zvinonakidza zvinonakidza kune vanodzidzira.

Kubata nemaoko

Kubata crayfish nemaoko ako ndiyo yakanyanya primitive uye, sezviri pachena, nzira yekare. Mubati anofamba zvakanaka mumvura uye anotarisa pasi pematombo, matanda emiti, anosimudza matavi pasi peiyo crayfish inovanda masikati. Achiona kenza, anoedza kuibata nekukurumidza kusvika ahwanda muhuvanda kana kutiza. Nomuzvarirwo, iyi nzira yekubata hove haina kukodzera kune avo vanotya makuhwa. Kubata kukuru kunoitika murima, apo crayfish yakasiya matumba avo inogona kubatwa nekuvhenekera pasi pechidziva nerambi. Mumazuva ekare moto waibatidzwa pamahombekombe kuti ukwezve crayfish. Nenzira yakapfava yakadaro, pedyo nemhenderekedzo pazasi pematombo, uko kune makrayfish akawanda, unogona kubata mazana azvo.

Iwe unogona kubata crayfish nemaoko ako chete kana kudzika kwemvura kusingapfuuri 1,5 m. Kubata crayfish mumvura yakadzika, uye mumadhamu ane mvura yakachena pakadzika kwemamita akati wandei, inonzi crayfish mite yakashandiswa muFinland. Aya mapinzi emapuranga anobata uye anosimudza crayfish kubva mumvura zviri nyore. Zvikwekwe zvinogona kureba kubva kune imwe kusvika kumamita akati wandei. Kudzivirira mite kuti isakuvadza gomarara, inogona kuitwa mhango.

Chishandiso chakareruka itsvimbo refu, pamagumo ayo kupatsanurwa kunoitwa, uye inowedzerwa nedombo diki kana danda rehuni. Hazvibviri kudhonza crayfish kubva mumvura netsvimbo yakadaro, inongotsikirirwa pasi uye inosimudzwa nemaoko. Kubata nezvikwekwe kunoda hunyanzvi hukuru, sezvo crayfish, painongonzwa njodzi, inomhanya nekukurumidza. Nekuda kwehudofo hwavo, veFinn havana kunyanya kushandisa zvikwekwe sechombo chekuredza, uye hazvina kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Kusadiwa kweiyi nzira yekubata hove,. sezviri pachena, yakabatanawo nechokwadi chokuti mumvura yakasviba yeFinnish reservoirs zvakaoma kuona kenza, uye kana dziva rakadzika zvishoma pane rakadzika kwazvo, saka hazvibviri kuona zvachose.

Kuredza pasi pemvura zvakare ndeye nzira iyi yekukohwa crayfish. Inoda magirazi akakosha uye chubhu yekufema. Crayfish kubva mumakomba inogona kudhonzwa nemaoko ane magirovhosi kana kuunganidzwa kubva pasi usiku. Paunenge uchinyura usiku, unofanirwa kuve netochi, kana mumwe wako anofanira kuvhenekera pasi kubva kumahombekombe kana chikepe. Kunyange zvazvo mutyairi wengarava achibata pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, njodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara dzakamumirira. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuti mumwe wako ave pabasa pamhenderekedzo uye aone kufambira mberi kwekuredza.

Muenzaniso wekubata maoko pasi pemvura - Vhidhiyo

Kuredza crayfish

Nemaitiro ekuredza anofungidzirwa, zviredzo hazvishandiswe zvachose. Kubata kana uchibata hove pasina mabheti nguva dzose zvinoenderana nemukana, uye hapana vimbiso yekuti uchabata crayfish. Nekushandiswa kwezviredzo, kubata hove kunowedzera kubudirira. Chiredzo chinosungira crayfish kune giya uye chinochichengeta munzvimbo dzekubata.

Crayfish yakaungana yakatenderedza chirauro inogona kutorwa nemaoko ako kana nemambure. Asi imwe nzira “yakavandudzwa” yokuredza ndeyekuredza, umo kakara inobatirira pachirauro chakasungirirwa kumucheto kwetambo yokuredza kana kuti pasi pechimuti, yobatirira pachirauro kusvikira yatorwa nemambure. akabudiswa mumvura. Hove dzeCrayfish dzinosiyana nekuredza hove pakuti hadzishandise chirauro uye crayfish inogona kusunungura chero nguva.

Mutsara wehove wakasungirirwa kune tsvimbo yakareba 1-2 m, uye chirauro chinosungirirwa kumutsara wehove. Rutivi rwakanamira rwakanamira pasi pedhamu kana rwizi pedyo nemahombekombe kana pamawere egungwa. Chiredzo chinoiswa panzvimbo yakafanira kuti uwedzere gomarara.

Mubati anogona kushandisa panguva imwe chete akati wandei, kunyange gumi nemaviri, hove tsvimbo. Huwandu hwavo hunoenderana nekuwanda kwe crayfish mudura, kuita kwezhora yavo uye kupihwa kwenozzles. Sekureva kwemutsvagiri weSweden S. Abrahamsson, chibatanidzwa chinokwezva crayfish mumvura isingamire kubva munzvimbo inosvika 13 sq.m. Naizvozvo, hazvina musoro kuisa giya kazhinji pane chinhambwe chemamita mashanu kubva kune mumwe uye pasina padyo kupfuura 5 m kubva kumahombekombe. Kazhinji, matanda anonamira ari chinhambwe che2,5-5 m kubva kune mumwe, munzvimbo dzinobata kazhinji kazhinji, munzvimbo dzisingabatanidzi - zvishoma kazhinji.

Manheru neusiku, zvichienderana nezhor, tsvimbo dzehove dzinoongororwa kakawanda, dzimwe nguva kunyange 3-4 nguva paawa. Nzvimbo yekubata hove haifaniri kudarika 100-200 m kureba, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kutarisa hove dzehove munguva, kusvikira crayfish ine nguva yekudya chirauro. Kana panguva yemanheru kubata kunoderera, unofanirwa kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo. Kana uchitarisa matanda ekuredzesa, kamuti kacho kanonyatso kuvhomorwa kubva pasi uye tsvimbo inosimudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakanaka zvokuti karairi yakanamatira pachirauro haibvire, asi inosimuka nayo pedyo nepamusoro pemvura, apo mhuka inobatwa zvakanaka inonhongwa kubva pasi nemambure akadzikisa mumvura. Kubata hove kunogona kuita zvibereko zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva 10-12 crayfish inogona kubudiswa kunze panguva. Kunozununguka kwechimuti, uko kwakasungirirwa tambo yehove, kunoratidza kuti gakanje rarwisa chirauro,

Zakidushka uye zherlitsa imhando imwechete yekubata nehove yehove. Vanowanzosunga chirauro kune 1,5-mita kureba kwetambo yekuredza, uye inoyangarara kune imwe mugumo. Sink inosungirirwa pamhepo padyo nechirauro.

Iyo inonzi crayfish stick inosiyana netsvimbo yekuredza pakuti chidimbu chipfupi chetambo chinosungirirwa padanda kana kuti tambo yekuredza haishandiswi zvachose. Muchiitiko ichi, chirauro chinosungirirwa zvakananga kumucheto wezasi wetsvimbo. Tsvimbo inonamira muzasi panzvimbo yekubata hove nenzira yekuti chirauro chiri kuzvambarara zvakasununguka pasi.

Nzira yekubata nehokwe, zherlitse uye crayfish stick yakafanana nekubata nehove. Vanoredza crayfish nemagiya ese aya nenzira yakafanana nehove. Muredzi anochengeta tsvimbo mumaoko ake nguva dzose uye, achinzwa kuti crayfish yabata chirauro, anochikwevera nokungwarira pamwe chete nechirauro pamusoro pemvura, pedyo nemhenderekedzo, uye nerumwe ruoko rwake anoisa mambure pasi. crayfish. Nenzira iyi vanobata, semuenzaniso, muFrance - kune mhete yakasungirirwa kusvika kumagumo emutsara wekubata hove kuti iite chirauro mairi.

Racevni

Rachevni ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Rachevnya i cylindrical mesh yakatambanudzwa pamusoro pesimbi yakatenderera hoop. Mahobho parizvino anogadzirwa kubva kune galvanized waya. Kare, ivo vakagadzirwa kubva kune willow kana shiri cherry matavi, uye dombo, chidimbu chesimbi kana bhegi rejecha rakasungirirwa pakati pegridi yekudhonza. Iyo dhayamita yehupu inowanzoita 50 cm. Tambo nhatu kana ina dzakatetepa dzehurefu hwakafanana dzakasungirirwa pahupu pachinhambwe chakaenzana kuitira kudzivirira kutenderedza goko, uye kudzibatanidza nepfundo rakafanana, muchiuno umo tambo yakasimba inosungirirwa kudzikisa nekusimudza giya. . Kana yakabatwa kubva kumahombekombe, tambo inosungirirwa padanda. Chiredzo chinosungirirwa kumambure, kune tambo yakatambanudzwa pamwe nehupamhi hwehuputi kana tsvimbo yakaonda, yakabatanidzwawo kune hoop, uye musungo unoderedzwa kusvika pasi. Tambo yekudhonza crustacean inosungirirwa pabhuya kana danda rakanamira mumateru emahombekombe. Kuredza magakanje kunobva pakuti kireshi, yakanamatira pachirauro, haigoni kubuda mumusungo kana ichisimudzwa kubva mumvura. Rachevny haafaniri kuzeza kusimudza. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinokwanisika kubata hove nechovni akati wandei, akaiswa kubva kune mumwe kune chinhambwe che5-10 m.

Nzira uye kupi kubata crayfish

Kuti ubate crayfish yaive yakanaka, unofanirwa kuziva kuti ungabata sei uye kupi. Kufamba kwecrayfish kunoenderana nekupenya kwemvura. Mumvura yakasviba iyo isingafambisi chiedza zvakanaka, kubata kunogona kuiswa mangwanani-ngwanani, dzimwe nguva kutanga kwemaawa 15-16. Kubata kwakanyanya mumvura yakadaro manheru, uye pakati peusiku kunoderera, sezvo basa recrayfish rinoderera. Mumvura yakachena, haufanirwe kutanga kubata crayfish isati yasvika manheru, kubata kunoramba kuchikura kusvika pakati pehusiku uye kunyangwe pakati pehusiku. Mushure merima rehusiku, zhor itsva inocherechedzwa, asi haina kusimba kupfuura yemanheru.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisawo kuita kwe crayfish kufamba. Mumamiriro okunze ane makore, kubata hove kunogona kutangwa kare kupfuura mumamiriro ekunze akajeka. Kubata kwakanakisa kwecrayfish kuri pakudziya, husiku hwakasviba, pamwe nekunaya kwemamiriro ekunze. Hove dzinobata hurombo pane mhute inotonhora uye husiku hwakajeka, pamwe nepasi pemwedzi. Kukanganisa kubata hove nemabhanan'ana.

Misungo inowanzoiswa pakadzika 1-XNUMXm, asi kana zvinomera zvakadyiwa ne crayfish uye pasi pakakodzera pekugara kwavo zviri munzvimbo dzakadzika, unogona kuedza kubata pakadzika kwemamita akati wandei. Crayfish inogara yakadzika mumvura yakareruka kupfuura mumvura ine rima. Zvakanakisisa kuvabata mumadziva ane matombo kana matombo pasi, pamatombo akasiiwa, mabhiriji, pasi pezvimedu, pamawere emahombekombe uye pasi pemateru emahombekombe kubva pasi, akakodzera kuchera makomba.

Usiku, panguva yekubata, crayfish haina kuyerwa kana kurongedzwa, nekuti murima inotora nguva yakawanda uye inononoka kubata. Crayfish inounganidzwa mundiro ine yakaderera, yakadzika mipendero uye yakafara pasi kuitira kuti isaiswa mugobvu. Panofanira kunge pasina mvura pasi pedhishi.

Zviri nyore kuyera kureba kwecrayfish netsvimbo yekuyeresa, umo mune recess muchimiro chekuseri kwecrayfish. Kureba kwetsvimbo ndeye 10 cm. Young crayfish isingasviki 10 cm muhukuru inosarudzwa uye inosunungurwa zvakare mumvura. Vanokurudzirwa kuti vasunungurwe mumvura kure nenzvimbo yekubata hove, kuitira kuti varege kubatwa zvakare uye vakuvara zvisina basa.

Kuchengeta uye kutakura kwe crayfish

Kazhinji, crayfish yakabatwa inofanirwa kuchengetwa kwenguva yakati isati yadyiwa. Kazhinji vanochengetwa mumakeji. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti kuitira kuti ive nenzvimbo yezvirwere zvinotapukira, crayfish mumakeji inofanirwa kuchengetwa mumitumbi yemvura yavakabatwa kubva. Mabhokisi akaderera akagadzirwa nemapuranga, mumadziro ayo maburi anoboorwa, kana mabhokisi ane slots, akazviratidza senge matanga. Crayfish yakanyatsochengetedzwa mumakeji akagadzirwa nemapuranga kana simbi mesh.

Crayfish inofanira kuchengetwa mumakeji kwenguva diki sezvinobvira, sezvo ichidyana, kunyanya vanhu vasina rubatsiro. Paunenge uchichengeta crayfish kweanopfuura mazuva 1-2 mumakeji, dzinofanirwa kupihwa chikafu kuitira kuti dzichengetedzwe zvirinani uye dzirwisane zvishoma. Chikafu chenguva dzose ihove itsva. Crayfish inogona zvakare kudyiswa mhumhu, mashizha emutape, mbatatisi, madzinde epizi, uye zvimwe zvekudya zvezvirimwa. Zvakaonekwa kuti crayfish inorwira hove kakawanda pane kudya kwezvirimwa. Mukurwisana uku, vanorasikirwa nenzara uye vanokuvara kumwe. Kuti udzivise izvi, zviri nani kudyisa crayfish nekudya kwemiriwo mumakeji.

Crayfish inowanzotakurwa isina mvura, mumabhokisi akakura. Mabhasikiti ewicker anonyanya kushanda, semapuranga, makadhibhokisi uye mabhokisi epurasitiki, chero bedzi ane maburi emhepo akakwana.

Crayfish inoiswa mumabhokisi anenge 15 cm kureba mumutsara mumwe chete. Pazasi pemabhokisi, pamwe nepamusoro pe crayfish, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa jira remvura yakanyorova, uswa, nettles, zvirimwa zvemumvura, etc. Mumabhokisi epamusoro, masherufu epakati anogadzirwa neslats kuitira kuti zvidimbu. ye crayfish haikodzeri zvakasimba kune imwe neimwe. Zvinogona kutakurwa zvakachengeteka uye pasina kupatsanurwa kwepakati, zvave nekuchinjika matinji emvura yakanyorova. Isa crayfish mumabhokisi uye uifukidze nemoss nekukurumidza sezvinobvira isati yatanga kufamba. Kana crayfish ikatanga kuratidza chiitiko, inokurumidza kuungana mumirwi mumakona ebhokisi. Kuchengetedza kunofanira kutorwa kuitira kuti crayfish isafukidzwe nemvura yakaunganidzwa pasi pebhokisi.

Pakutakura crayfish mukupisa kwezhizha, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kuti tembiricha mumabhokisi haikwire zvakanyanya. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuvhara mabhokisi kubva kune zuva rakananga, kuisa mabhegi echando kumativi emabhokisi, etc. Mukupisa kwecrayfish, zviri nani kutakura usiku. Kuti uchengetedze kutonhora kunodiwa mukati, mabhokisi anogona kukwidziridzwa kunze nechero chinhu chakaoma.

Pakurudziro yevaGerman, crayfish inofanira kuoma kwehafu yezuva mushure mekubatwa isati yaiswa mumabhokisi. Panewo pfungwa yokuti crayfish inoshivirira kutakura zviri nani kana isati yambowana zvokudya kwenguva yakati.

Mabasa makuru ekuchengeta crayfish mumatura echisikigo ndeaya: - kubviswa kwezvirwere zvekenza, kunyanya kenza denda; - kutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa kubata crayfish; - kutapurirana crayfish; - kuderedza huwandu hwemhando dzemasora mudura; - kuvandudza nzvimbo yekugara yecrayfish.

Basa remunhu wese anoda crayfish ndere kubatsira mukugadzikwa kwedenda, kudzivirira kuti risapararire zvakanyanya, kutevedzera kurudziro dzakagadzirirwa nyaya idzi.

Intensive crayfish hove ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekuwedzera huwandu hwe crayfish mudziva. Sezvo crayfish inosvika pakukura kwepabonde yatove pakureba kwe7-8 cm, uye hushoma saizi inobvumirwa kubata crayfish ndeye 10 cm, kubata crayfish yakawanda hakuzokuvadzi zvipfuyo zvavo mudziva. Mukupesana, kana vanhu vakakura uye vanononoka kukura vanogara munzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekugara vakabviswa kubva mudziva, kuberekana kwecrayfish kunowedzera. Madzimai ane mazai uye crustaceans anofanira kusunungurwa pakarepo mumvura.

Vanhu 8-9 cm kureba, avo vasvika pakuyaruka, vakakodzera kugariswa patsva. Kugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa mushure meAugust, kuitira kuti crayfish ive nenguva yekudzidzira munzvimbo itsva isati yasangana uye kutanga kwechando.

Kubata Crayfish - Vhidhiyo