Vanhu vanga vachidya nyama kubva kuIce Age. Yaiva ipapo, sezvinotaura anthropologists, munhu akabva pakudya kwezvirimwa ndokutanga kudya nyama. Iyi "tsika" yakapona kusvikira nhasi - nekuda kwekudiwa (somuenzaniso, pakati peEskimos), tsika kana mararamiro ehupenyu. Asi kazhinji, chikonzero chacho kunongova kusanzwisisa. Mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura, nyanzvi dzehutano dzinozivikanwa, nyanzvi dzezvekudya, uye biochemist vakafukunura humbowo hunogutsa hwekuti haufanirwe kudya nyama kuti ugare uine hutano, chokwadika, chikafu chinogamuchirwa kune zvikara chinogona kukuvadza vanhu. Maiwe, vegetarianism, yakavakirwa chete pazvinzvimbo zvehuzivi, kashoma kuva nzira yehupenyu. Naizvozvo, ngatisiyei padivi chikamu chemweya chezvekudya kwezvinomera panguva ino - akawanda-mavhoriyamu mabasa anogona kugadzirwa pamusoro peizvi. Ngatirambei tichitaura nezvenharo “dzenyika” dzokurega nyama. Ngatitangei kukurukura inonzimapuroteni ngano“. Hezvino zviri pamusoro. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru nei vanhu vazhinji vachinzvenga miriwo kutya kukonzeresa kushomeka kweprotein mumuviri. "Ungawana sei mapuroteni ese emhando yaunoda kubva pakudya-kwakavakirwa chirimwa, chisina mukaka?" vanhu vakadaro vanobvunza. Usati wapindura mubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti puroteni chii chaizvo. Muna 1838, chiremba wemakemikari wechiDutch Jan Müldscher akawana chinhu chine nitrogen, kabhoni, haidrojeni, okisijeni uye, muhuwandu hudiki, mamwe maelementi emakemikari. Mushonga uyu, unova pasi pehupenyu hwese paPasi, musayendisiti akadana "primary". Zvadaro, kukosha kwechokwadi kweprotein kwakaratidzwa: kuti urarame chero chipenyu, imwe huwandu hwayo hunofanira kudyiwa. Sezvakazoitika, chikonzero cheiyi amino acids, "yekutanga matsime ehupenyu", kubva kune iyo mapuroteni anoumbwa. Pakazara, makumi maviri nemaviri amino acids anozivikanwa, 22 ayo anoonekwa akakosha (haagadzirwa nemuviri uye anofanirwa kudyiwa nechikafu). Aya 8 amino acids ndeaya: lecine, isolecine, valine, lysine, trypophane, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine. Zvose zvavo zvinofanira kuiswa muzvikamu zvakakodzera muzvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma8, nyama yaionekwa seyakanakisa sosi yeprotein, nekuti ine ese 1950 akakosha amino acids, uye muchiyero chakakodzera. Nhasi, zvisinei, nyanzvi dzezvokudya zvinovaka muviri dzakasvika pamhedziso yokuti zvokudya zvezvirimwa sechitubu cheprotein hazvina kunaka senyama chete, asi kunyange zvakakwirira kupfuura. Zvirimwa zvakare zvine ese 8 amino acids. Zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kugadzira maamino acids kubva mumhepo, ivhu, uye mvura, asi mhuka dzinongogona kuwana mapuroteni kuburikidza nezvirimwa: kungave nekuzvidya, kana nekudya mhuka dzakadya zvirimwa uye kutora chikafu chadzo chese. Nokudaro, munhu ane sarudzo: kuti azviwane zvakananga kuburikidza nezvirimwa kana nenzira inotenderera, pamutengo wepamusoro wehupfumi uye mari yekushandisa - kubva kumhuka yemhuka. Saka, nyama haina chero amino acids kunze kweiyo mhuka dzinowana kubva muzvirimwa - uye vanhu pachavo vanogona kuitora kubva muzvirimwa. Uyezve, kudya kwezvirimwa kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha: pamwe chete nemaamino acids, unowana zvinhu zvinodikanwa kuti utore mapuroteni akazara: makabhohaidhiretsi, mavhitamini, trace elements, hormones, chlorophyll, etc. Muna 8, boka revasayendisiti paHarvard University. akaita tsvakurudzo ndokuona kuti kana munhu achidya muriwo, zviyo, uye zvinogadzirwa nemukaka panguva imwe chete, anongovhara mapuroteni ezuva nezuva. Vakagumisa kuti zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kuchengetedza kudya kwemiriwo kwakasiyana-siyana pasina kudarika nhamba iyi. Imwe nguva gare gare, muna 1954, Dr. F. Stear akaita zvidzidzo zvake zveprotein nevanodya miriwo. Zvigumisiro zvaive zvinoshamisa: zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakagamuchira zvinopfuura maitiro maviri eprotein! Saka "ngano pamusoro pemapuroteni" yakabviswa. Iye zvino ngatiendei kuchikamu chinotevera chechinetso chatiri kukurukura. Mishonga yemazuva ano inosimbisa: kudya nyama kuzere nenjodzi dzakawanda. Zvirwere zvegomarara nemwoyo zviri kuramba zvichipararira munyika umo kudyiwa kwenyama kwemunhu kwakakwirira, nepo uko kwakaderera, hosha dzakadaro hadziwanzoitiki. Rollo Russell mubhuku rake rinonzi “On the Causes of Cancer” anonyora, kuti: “Ndakawana kuti munyika 25 dzine vagari vemo vanodya nyama zvikurukuru, 19 dzine chikamu chikuru zvikuru chekenza, uye nyika imwe bedzi ine mwero wakaderera zvikuru, panguva imwe cheteyo Panyika 35 dzinodyiwa nyama zvishoma kana kuti dzisingadyi, hapana ine mwero wekenza wakakwirira.” The 1961 Journal yeAmerican Physicians Association inoti "Kuchinjira kukudya kwezvirimwa mu90-97% yezviitiko zvinodzivirira kukura kwezvirwere zvemoyo." Kana mhuka inourawa, tsvina yayo inorega kubudiswa negadziriro yayo yokutenderera neropa uye inoramba “yakachengetedzwa” mumutumbi wakafa. Vanodya nyama nokudaro vanotora zvinhu zvine chepfu izvo, mumhuka mhenyu, zvinosiya muviri une weti. Dr. Owen S. Parret, mubhuku rake rinonzi Why I Don’t Eat Meat, akataura kuti kana nyama ikabikwa, zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinooneka mukuumbwa kwomuto wacho, somugumisiro wacho unodokufanana mukugadzirwa kwekemikoro neweti. Munyika dzakabudirira dzine rudzi rwakanyanya rwekukura kwekurima, nyama "inopfumiswa" nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza: DDT, arsenic (inoshandiswa sekusimudzira kukura), sodium sulfate (inoshandiswa kupa nyama "itsva", ropa-red hue), DES, a synthetic hormone (inozivikanwa carcinogen). Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvine macarcinogens akawanda uye kunyange metastasogens. Semuyenzaniso, makirogiramu maviri chete enyama yakakangwa ine benzopyrene yakawanda sefodya 2! Nekuderedza cholesterol kudya, isu panguva imwe chete tinoderedza mikana yekuunganidza mafuta, uye naizvozvo njodzi yekufa kubva pakurwadziwa kwemoyo kana apoplexy. Chiitiko chakadai seatherosclerosis ipfungwa isinganzwisisiki yemuriwo. Maererano ne<em>Encyclopædia Britannica, “Mapuroteni anobva munzungu, zviyo, uye kunyange zvinogadzirwa nomukaka anonzi haana kuchena kana achienzaniswa neanowanikwa munyama yemombe—ine 68% yemvura ine utachiona. Izvi "zvisina kuchena" zvine simba rinokuvadza kwete pamwoyo chete, asiwo pamuviri wose. Muviri wemunhu ndiwo muchina wakaoma kunzwisisa. Uye, sezvakaita chero mota, imwe mafuta inokodzera zviri nani pane imwe. Ongororo inoratidza kuti nyama ifuel isingashande pamushini uyu, uye inouya nemutengo mukuru. Somuenzaniso, vaEskimo, avo vanonyanyodya hove nenyama, vanokwegura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Hupenyu hwavo hwepakati hahupfuuri makore makumi matatu. VaKirghiz pane imwe nguva vaidyawo kunyanya nyama uye vaisawanzorarama makore anopfuura makumi mana. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune marudzi akadai savaHunza vanogara muHimalaya kana kuti mapoka orudzidziso ane avhareji yenduramo inosiyana pakati pamakore 80 ne100! Masayendisiti ane chokwadi chokuti kudya miriwo ndicho chikonzero chehutano hwavo hwakanaka. MaIndia eMaya eYutacan uye madzinza eYemeni eboka reSemitic anewo mukurumbira wehutano hwakanaka - zvakare nekuda kwekudya kwezvinomera. Uye mukupedzisa, ndinoda kusimbisa chimwe chinhu zvakare. Kana uchidya nyama, munhu, sekutonga, anozvivanza pasi pe ketchups, sauces uye gravies. Anochigadzira nekuchigadzirisa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana: mafiritsi, mamota, muto, nezvimwewo. Zvose izvi ndezvei? Sei usingadyi nyama iri mbishi semhuka dzinodya dzimwe nyika? Vazhinji vezvekudya, biologist uye physiologists vakaratidza zvinogutsa: vanhu havadyi nyama nemasikirwo avo. Ndicho chikonzero nei vachinyatsogadzirisa chikafu chisina chimiro kwavari. Physiologically, vanhu vari pedyo zvakanyanya nemhuka dzinodya setsoko, nzou, mabhiza, nemhou pane mhuka dzinodya nyama dzakaita sembwa, dindingwe nembada. Toti zvikara hazvidiki; mavari, kuchinjana kwekupisa kunoitika kuburikidza nevanodzora kufema kwekufema uye rurimi rwakabuda. Mhuka dzeVegetarian (uye vanhu) vane sweat glands nekuda kweichi chinangwa, kuburikidza nazvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuvadza zvinobva mumuviri. Zvikara zvine mazino akareba uye akapinza kuitira kubata nekuuraya mhuka; herbivores (uye vanhu) vane mazino mapfupi uye vasina nzwara. Mate ezvikara haana amylase saka haakwanise kuparara kwekutanga kwe starches. Mishonga yemhuka dzinodya nyama dzinobudisa yakawanda yehydrochloric acid kuti igaye mapfupa. Zvikara zvinoputira mvura, sekatsi, semuenzaniso, nepo herbivores (uye vanhu) vachiyamwa mukati memazino avo. Kune mifananidzo yakawanda yakadaro, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anopupurira: muviri wemunhu unofanana nemuenzaniso wezvinomera. Kunyatso physiologically, vanhu havana kujairana nekudya kwenyama. Pano pane dzimwe nharo dzinonyanya kusimba mukufarira vegetarianism.
2022-11-11