Mukati
Kuredza kwemazuva ano kwakasiyana nekwaiitwa makore makumi matatu kana makumi mashanu apfuura. Chekutanga, akazova nyanzvi munyaya dzesainzi. Isu tinoshandisa yakakosha yepamusoro-tekinoroji zvinhu, zviredzo zvinogadzirwa pamidziyo yekudya yakaoma. Mutsvaki wehove haana mutsauko.
Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo echo sounder uye mudziyo wayo
An echo sounder is acoustic electronic device. Inosanganisira transceiver, iyo iri pasi pemvura, chiratidzo chekuongorora nekrini uye chigadzirisheni chekutonga, zvichida simba rakasiyana.
Echo sounder yekubata hove inotumira maoscillatory impulses muchikamu chemvura uye inotora kutaridzika kwavo kubva kune zvipingamupinyi, zvakafanana nekufamba mugungwa zviridzwa zvepasi pemvura uye mijenya. Ruzivo rwese urwu rwakakosha zvakanyanya kune muredzi.
Iyo transceiver iri pasi pemvura uye yakabatana netambo yekutonga unit. Kazhinji iyi inzwa imwe chete, asi kune manzwi echo ane maviri kana matatu. Iyo yakabatana neiyo control unit netambo kana isina waya.
Iyo yekupedzisira nzira inoitirwa kumahombekombe echo manzwi, ayo anoshandiswa mukudyisa hove, kunyanya, pakumaka pasi.
Iyo control unit ine analyzer yeruzivo inopinda sensor. Inotora nguva yekudzoka kwechiratidzo, kukanganisa kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana. Nayo, iwe unogona kuseta yakasarudzika chiratidzo frequency, iyo frequency yepulse uye kuvhota kwe sensor.
Inoratidzawo ruzivo pachiratidziro uye inodzora kushanda kwechigadzirwa. Chidzitiro chakakosha kune muredzi, sezvo ichikubvumira kuti uongorore ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kubva kune echo sounder uye kuita sarudzo yakanaka paunenge uchibata hove.
Magetsi emagetsi anowanzo kuwanikwa akaparadzana kubva kune echo sounder, sezvo iwo akakura muhukuru uye huremu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo yemhando yepamusoro echo sounder inoshandisa simba rakakwana pane yakanaka ane simba acoustic impulses, pakuvheneka nekudziya skrini. Mukuwedzera, kubata hove mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora kunoderedza pfuma yavo uye kunoda kukurumidza kudzorera. Mamwe manzwi echo, kunyanya kubata hove munguva yechando, ane mabhatiri akavakirwa muchikamu chekutonga, asi zviwanikwa uye mhando yemidziyo yakadaro ishoma.
Mhando dze echo sounders
Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda, itsika kusiyanisa pakati pemanzwi echo ane kona diki (pasi scanner), ine yakafara angle, uye multibeam echo manzwi. Echo manzwi ekuredza kumahombekombe ane diki sensor saizi yakabatana neiyo control unit kuburikidza newireless kutaurirana. Iyo sensor inosungirirwa kumagumo emutsara wehove uye inokandwa mumvura kuti iongorore pasi pechidzitiro.
Boka rakakosha remanzwi echo magadzirirwo scanner. Iwo akagadzirirwa kuwana yakakosha, inopenya mufananidzo panguva yekuredza uye inowanzoshandiswa pakutsika-tsika. Munguva yechando yekubata hove, zvose zviri pasi scanner uye wide-angle echo sounders zvinoshandiswa. Kune hove yakadzika-gungwa, izvo zvinonzi ma flashers akanaka kwazvo - echo sounders inoratidza mutambo webheti uye maitiro ehove dzakapoteredza, kusanganisira kunyatsoruma.
Pazasi scanners
Aya ndiwo manzwi echo akareruka, akagadzirirwa kuona kudzika uye zvishoma - chimiro chepasi. Izvo zvinogadzirwa neanenge ese makambani - Deeper, Fisher, Humminbird, Garmin, Lowrance, asi Praktik inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pedu nekuda kwerekodhi yakaderera mutengo. Nenzira, Varapi vane danda rakafara, nekuti zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzira yakamanikana-beam sensor yemutengo wakadaro. Matanda kubva kune echo sounder sensor anosiyana mune idiki spectrum, anenge 10-15 madhigirii. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti utore mufananidzo chaiwo wepasi rinochinja rakananga pasi pechikepe pachiri kufamba.
Mufananidzo wacho ucharatidza chikamu chiduku chepasi, asi inonyatsokwanisa kuziva zvinomera pairi, uye dzimwe nguva chimiro chevhu.
Iyo diki radius yechiito inokonzerwa nekona nhete yekuparadzira inzwi. Semuenzaniso, pakadzika kwemamita 6-7, icharatidza chigamba pazasi pasi pemamita padhayamita.
Izvi zvakanakira kutsvaga kagomba kawakabata hove kekupedzisira, asi zvinoshanda zvisina kunaka kana uchitsvaga hove pakadzika. Semuenzaniso, kunyange kudzika kwe thermocline kuchaonekwa pachiratidziro, asi kana boka rehove riri mita kubva muchikepe, uye kwete pasi paro, hazvizooneki.
Wide angle echo maungira
Pano beam propagation angle inenge 50-60 degrees. Muchiitiko ichi, kuvhara kune imwe yakakura - pakadzika kwemamita gumi, unogona kutora chikamu chegumi-mamita chepasi uye ona chiri pamusoro payo. Zvinosuruvarisa, mufananidzo wacho pachawo unogona kukanganiswa.
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo skrini haigamuchire maonero epamusoro, asi ratidziro yedivi. Hove, iyo inoratidzwa ne echo sounder, inogona kumira pasi pechikepe, kuva kuruboshwe, kurudyi. Nekuda kwekukanganiswa, iyo echo sounder ichave isina kunyatsojeka. Iyo inogona kusaratidza algae kana driftwood, kana kuvaratidza nenzira isiri iyo, ine diki bofu nzvimbo pakarepo pedyo nepasi.
Double beam echo sounder
Inobatanidza maviri atsanangurwa pamusoro uye ane matanda maviri: ane kona yakamanikana uye imwe yakafara. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwane zvinobudirira hove uye panguva imwe chete ita chiyero chepamusoro-chepamusoro. Vazhinji vemazuva ano vanowana hove vasiri vechikamu chemutengo wakaderera ndeverudzi urwu, kusanganisira Deeper Pro, Lowrance yekuredza. Nehurombo, kusanganiswa kwehunhu kunoita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kushandisa.
Iwo anodhura kwete chete nekuda kweiyo sophisticated acoustic midziyo, asiwo nekuda kwehukuru hwescreen size. Mushure mezvose, dzimwe nguva inofanirwa kutarisa matanda maviri panguva imwe chete, izvo zvingave zvisingagoneki pane diki skrini. Neraki, mamodheru akadaro anowanzo kugona kushanda tandem ne smartphone. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muredzi anogona kuona zvese pachiratidziro chenharembozha yake, sanganisa kudzidza kwechidzitiro nekurekodha otomatiki yemufananidzo uri pamepu muGPS system uye nekukurumidza, pahwindo chaipo, maka mapoinzi anonakidza ekuredza.
Structural Scanner
Iyi imhando ye echo sounder ine yakafara beam angle kana mbiri danda, iyo inotaridza mufananidzo pachiratidziro kwete sekuona kwepadivi, asi seyaniso yeisometric kana ichionekwa zvishoma kubva kumusoro. Sistimu yakadaro inogona kuratidza iyo yepasi topography munguva chaiyo, sekunge iyo angler iri kubhururuka pamusoro pevhu pakadzika yakadzika uye inoona ese mabumps, grooves nemakomba.
Semuenzaniso, kana uchibata hove panjanji kana kutsika-tsika neyakajairwa echo sounder, iwe unofanirwa kupuruzira nguva dzese, uchitarisa kune zvakadzika zviratidzo, kuti usarasikirwe nemupendero wakanaka kana kuenda chaizvo pamateru.
Izvi zvinowedzera nguva yekufamba kwechikamu nehafu nehafu kusvika kaviri. Paunenge uchibata hove nemugadziri, iwe unogona kunyatsochengeta iyo kosi padivi pemupendero, nepo mabhende ayo ese nekutendeuka kuchaonekwa.
Hove dzakagadzirwa hadzina kugadzirwa kuti dzishande pakadzika dzika, asi mumamiriro eRussia, our country, Belarus, Kazakhstan neBaltic States dzinowanzoredza pakadzika isingasviki 25 metres. Iyi nzira inokubvumira kuti ufambe zvakanaka pazasi, asi vagadziri vanotodhura kupfuura maviri-beam echo manzwi, sezvo ivo vachida yakanaka skrini ine yemhando yepamusoro kuratidza.
Echo manzwi ekuredza kwechando
Sezvo mutemo, aya ehomwe echo sounders. Basa ravo guru nderokuratidza kudzika panzvimbo yekubata hove. Kazhinji, pakuboora makomba, kurumwa kunoenda pahudzamu hwakati, uye nguva shoma zvikuru inopedzwa pakuboora tafura yepasi pemvura pakuredza hove pamahombekombe erwizi, kana kuti mugero pakuredza hove chena. Zvose zviviri-uye maviri-beam echo sounders anoshandiswa, ekupedzisira anokwanisawo kuratidza hove kuruboshwe uye kurudyi kwegomba. Iko hakuna kufamba kwechikepe pano, saka hazvizogoneke kuwana imwe mhando yesimba remufananidzo wepasi. Chinhu chakasarudzika cheaya manzwi echo hukuru hwavo uye huremu.
flashers
Yakakosha echo sounder yakagadzirirwa kubata hove nemagetsi ekugadzira munguva yechando. Iyo haina yechinyakare skrini, uye iyo angler inotungamirwa neakakosha madhisiki e LED anotenderera. Iyo sisitimu pachayo yakanyanya kunaka, nekuti kunyangwe manheru uye manheru zvese zvinonyatsooneka, uye zuva muchando ipfupi.
Zvakanyanya kuratidza zvakajeka mutambo wechirango, chikara chinochifarira, uye kuruma, chinokutendera kuti ugadzirise mutambo nenzira yekukonzera kuruma zvakananga kana hove yasvika uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvisina hovewo zvayo. finder anokwanisa. Nehurombo, iwo haasi madiki saizi uye uremu, uye zvichave zvakaoma kuvabata pasina kushandisa sled-trough kana iwe ukatakura flasher zuva rese mumaoko ako.
Echo sounder maitiro
Sezvo zvatove pachena, chimwe chehunhu hwemanzwi echo ikona yekuvhara. Inoratidza kuti inzvimbo ipi pasi payo iyo muredzi achaona. Sezvo mutemo, inotarirwa nehuwandu hwemaranzi akabudiswa ne sensor. Masensa akanaka haawanzo kuve nemhando imwe yedanda, asi mumhando dzebhajeti iwe unogona kazhinji kuwana sonar yakarongedzwa kune imwe kona yekushanda. Kazhinji inogona kuchinjwa kana iwe ukaisa imwe sensor uye kushanda nemaseti ehurongwa.
Chechipiri chakakosha hunhu ndeye frequency yekushandisa. Iyo inosiyana zvakanyanya pamakona akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, matanda akamanikana anoshanda paanenge 180-250 kHz, uye mapango akafara pa80-90 kHz. Iyo frequency inoiswawo muzvigadziro zveiyo control unit kana mune yepamusoro marongero eiyo sensor.
Iyo system yekuvhota chiyero inoratidza kuti mangani periodic oscillations pasekondi iyo sensor system inotumira uye inogamuchira. Iyo ine zvishoma zvinoenderana neiyo frequency yeinzwi pulses ye echo sounder, iyo yakawanda yakakwira kakawanda. Zvakanyanya kukosha kune avo vanobata hove kubva mumotokari chikepe. Semuenzaniso, ivo vanozoda echo sounder iyo inovhota sensor kanokwana makumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu pasekondi. Nhamba yakaderera yekuvhota ichaita kuti mitsetse yakatsika pasi pechikepe panzvimbo yemufananidzo wakajeka. Pakubata hove kubva kuoars kana hove dzechando, unogona kushandisa echo sounder ine yakaderera sensor yekuvhota mwero.
Iyo emitter simba haiwanzo kuratidzwa mune echo sounder pasipoti, asi iwe unogona kuona ichi chiratidzo nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwechishandiso. Kune vekune dzimwe nyika, iyo inogadzirirwa kubata hove mugungwa, yakakura chaizvo uye inotangira pa70 kusvika ku300 metres. Zviri pachena kuti kumamiriro edu ezvinhu izvi hazvidiwi zvachose.
Semuenzaniso, icharatidza kapeti yezvinomera pazasi sepasi pasi, isingakwanisi kupinda mairi. Imwe ine simba icharatidza kwete chete zvinomera uye pasi, asiwo hove dziri mumucheka uyu, apo dzinowanzofarira kugara.
Izvo zvakakodzera kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune iyo skrini resolution uye saizi yayo. Mazhinji echo anonzwika ane dema uye chena LCD skrini. Kazhinji resolution ye scanner yakakura kupfuura resolution yescreen. Naizvozvo, kazhinji hazvigoneke kuona hove mashanu kusvika gumi masendimita kubva pasi kana driftwood nekuda kwekuti mapikseli anongobatana kuita imwe. Iine yakanaka uye yakajeka skrini, zvese izvi zvinogona kuoneka.
Dema uye chena kana ruvara skrini? Dema nechena rinoratidza zvese mune greyscale, uye kana iyo skrini yekugadziriswa yakakwira zvakakwana, ipapo uchishandisa mabhatani ekuseta, unogona kuona hove kana pasi snags, sarudza algae mashizha pasi pemvura kana madzinde avo, ona kuti yakadzika sei. Chidzitiro chemavara chinodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura chitema nechena chehukuru hwakafanana uye resolution. Kazhinji ine kusiyanisa, kupenya kwemavara, inobvumidza iwe kuona zvinhu pasina kugadzirisa, asi kujeka kwechiratidziro kuchave kushoma.
Zvakakomba, iwe unofanirwa kutora kupenya kwechifananidzo pachiratidziro. Semuenzaniso, yakanaka uye inodhura Lowrance skrini inokubvumira kuti uverenge ruzivo muchiedza chezuva pasina kubvisa magirazi ako, uye manheru, kana ukabatidza backlight. Hazvibviri kubata hove ne echo sounder, iyo yaunofanira kuvhara neruoko rwako uye kumonya musoro wako kuitira kuti uone chimwe chinhu ipapo. Ndokusaka iyo skrini yayo ichave inodhura zvakanyanya.
Kune mamiriro ekutonhora, zvakare zvinodiwa kusarudza echo sounder ine inopisa skrini. Kazhinji inoitwa nerubatsiro rwe backlight inogadzira kupisa. Frost-resistant high-quality screen ine mhando dzinodhura, uye hapana chikonzero chekudziya kwakakosha. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutarisira kuchengetedza mienzaniso kubva kunotonhora.
Mabhatiri ndiyo inorema chikamu chesonar system. Izvo zvinogadzirwa pahwaro hwekutungamira, sezvo vamwe vese vasingaite zvakanyanya muhunyoro hwepamusoro. Chimiro chikuru chebhatiri ndeyekushanda kwemagetsi uye simba. Operating voltage inosarudzwa mu volts, kukwanisa mu ampere-maawa. Kana iwe uchiziva mashandisirwo emagetsi echo sounder, unogona kuona kuti bhatiri richagara rakadii.
Kune hove yakanaka yezhizha kwemazuva maviri, unofanirwa kutora bhatiri yeanopfuura gumi ampere-maawa. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza chaja yakakodzera iyo, iyo isingazobhadharisi bhatiri nekukurumidza uye kuidzima. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chitoro chezvinhu zvinoraswa zvinoshandiswa, zvichizvibatanidza munhevedzano, kunyanya kana vasingaendi kunobata hove kazhinji.
Iko kugona kubatanidza GPS navigator inobvumidza iwe kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugona kweiyo echo sounder. Naivo pachavo, mamodheru ane yakavakirwa-mukati mufambisi anodhura zvakanyanya uye hazvina musoro nguva dzose kuzvitenga. Ivo kazhinji havana yakanyanya nyore interface iyo isingaenderane neese nharembozha. Kusiyana neizvi, kana zvichikwanisika kubatanidza nharembozha nemufambisi, unogona kuteedzera pasi kwete mundege yakatwasuka chete, asiwo mune yakatwasuka, rekodha kuverenga uchishandisa chirongwa chakakosha uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Maitiro ekuona hove pane sonar skrini
Zvakakosha kwete kungosarudza chigadziro chakanaka, asiwo kudzidza kuti ungashandisa sei. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti classic echo sounder inoratidza pasi, zvinhu pairi, algae pazasi uye mukoramu yemvura, inoputika pasi pemvura. Iyo echo sounder hairatidzi muviri wehove - inoratidza chete bladder yekushambira, iyo iyo mhepo inoratidzwa zvakanaka.
Kazhinji, maitiro maviri ekuratidzira anowanikwa - nenzira yehove uye nenzira ye arcs. Nzira yekupedzisira ndeyechokwadi. Nechimiro chearc, unogona kuona kuti ndeipi rutivi rwechikepe iyo hove inosvika, inofamba nenzira ipi, kana ichifamba, fungidzira kuti ndeipi hove. Saizi yearc hairatidzi hukuru hwayo nguva dzose. Semuenzaniso, hombe yekatfish pazasi inogona kuva nearc diki, uye pike diki mumvura yemvura inogona kuva nehombe. Pano zvakakosha kuwana kudzidzira paunenge uchishanda neimwe modhi ye echo sounder.
Kukwira uye kutakura
Nayo pachayo, kusungirirwa kunoitwa kune transom yechikepe, yebhangi, kana iri inflatable chikepe. A rigid type sensor stand inoshandiswa kuitira kuti irege kutsauka kana ichifamba uye inogara yakatarisa pasi. Panguva yekushanda, zvakakoshawo kuti sensor haina kubuda kana kuti inenge isingabudi kunze kwepasi. Muchiitiko ichi, kana chikepe chikawira pasi, sensor inogashira kukuvadzwa kushoma. Mazhinji ma mounts ane chengetedzo umo iyo sensor inopeta pakubata, kana gomo bar ichatsemuka, asi mudziyo pachawo ucharamba wakasimba.
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa tsika mounts. Zvisungo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa, nerubatsiro rweiyo sensor uye control unit inosungirirwa nenzira yakanakira angler. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza mukana wekugadzirisa kunyudzwa uye kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana chinoitika kune echo sounder kana paine kusanyanya kudhumhana nejecha rejecha.
Vamwe vanoshandisa makapu ekuyamwa. Zvinogoneka, asi hazvivimbiki zvachose. Mukombe wekusveta unogona kugara uchibvongodza kana uchipisa muzuva uye mhepo iri pasi payo inowedzera, vacuum inoputika, kapu yekukweva zvinhu inoremara kana yapisa uye yatonhodzwa, uye mamiriro asingafadzi anogona kuitika.
Echo manzwi ekuredza pamahombekombe anouya neimwe inogona kukwenenzverwa nyore pane yenguva dzose tsvimbo panzvimbo yekubhururuka.
Kana zvisina kudaro, iwe unogona nyore kugadzira yakafanana iwe pachako. Iyo inomira inoshandiswa kune smartphone iyo yakabatana kune inowana hove kuburikidza neBluetooth kana Wi-Fi protocol, iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kukodzera kune marefu madaro.
Izvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti izvo zvinodikanwa zveiyo smartphone skrini zvichave zvakafanana neyeiyo sonar skrini: inofanirwa kuoneka zvakajeka uye kwete kutya mvura. Semuenzaniso, iPhone yechisere inogona kushandiswa, asi bhajeti ye smartphone haina kukodzera chinangwa ichi - haioneki muzuva uye ichaputsika kana mvura ichipinda.
Muchikepe, chikwata chekutonga chine skrini chinowanzobatanidzwa kubhangi kana transom. Kutsanya kubhangi kuri nani, sezvo isingakanganise kubata uye kudhonza kunze hove, kazhinji kacho inobatirira kumutsara wehove. Kazhinji ivo vanoshandisa gomo rekusungirira, ine yakakosha hinged stand iyo inokutendera kuti mese mugadzirise kona yechidzitiro mundege nhatu uye mugadzirise kureba.
Bhatiri reiyo echo sounder inofanirwa kunge ine dziviriro chaiyo pamvura. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, yakatsaurirwa outboard mota bhatiri inogona kushandiswa. Uye kana vakamubata, ipapo mupei kubva kwaari. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotariswa kuti huwandu hwebhatiri huchashandiswa zvese mukufambira mberi kwechikepe uye pakushanda kweiyo echo sounder. Kana bhatiri yakazvigadzira, saka iwe unofanirwa kuidzivirira kubva mumvura nekuchenjerera kukuru, uchishandisa epoxy, resins uye plastiki casing, uchiteerera zvakanyanya kuvharwa kwevanobatika. Hapana anoda kugara muchikepe chine bhatiri radeuka pasi.
Kutakura kweiyi system yese kunoitwa mumudziyo unokosha. Izvo zvakanyanya nyore kushandisa yekuvaka-mhando yakaoma bhokisi. Anoponesa echo sounder kubva mukukuvadzwa, kuvhunduka. Kana iwe usingade izvi, unogona kugadzirisa bhegi rekare rinopisa, bhegi remidziyo yemifananidzo, kana chero rimwe bhegi rakakwana rekutakura rekutakura, uchiisa mukati ne polyurethane foam kubva mukati kuti ridzivirire kubva kudiki tsaona yekuvhunduka. Iyo inopenya inogona kutakurwa nemubato; pakutanga ine puratifomu pairi panoiswa chibatiso chekubatanidza sensor.