Iyo yakabatana enzyme immunoabsorption assay maitiro - muChirungu Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay - kana ELISA bvunzo bvunzo yeimmunological inobvumira kuonekwa kana kuongororwa kwemamorekuru mune yebiological sample. Yakagadziriswa uye yakagadziridzwa nemasayendisiti maviri eSweden, Peter Perlmann naEva Engvall paStockholm University muna 1971.

Mamorekuru akaedzwa nenzira yeELISA anowanzo mapuroteni. Uye mhando dzemhando dzinosanganisira fluid biological zvinhu - plasma, serum, weti, dikita -, sero tsika media, kana recombinant protein - protein inogadzirwa nesero iro genetic material yakashandurwa nekubatanidzwazve kwemajini - kunatswa kuita mhinduro.

Iyo ELISA bvunzo inonyanya kushandiswa muimmunology kuona uye / kana kuyera kuvapo kweprotein, masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kana maantigen mumuenzaniso. Iyi serological bvunzo inoona kunyanya masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anogadzirwa nemuviri mukupindura kusvibiswa kwehutachiona.

Kushandiswa kwezvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira kunomiririra nzira chaiyo uye inokurumidza. Iyo ELISA tekinoroji ndeye immuno-enzymatic nzira inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona, kubva mumuenzaniso webhayoloji, maitiro ari pakati peantigen - muviri unoonekwa sewekunze nechinhu chipenyu - uye antibody inoshandisa maitiro eruvara anogadzirwa nea enzyme marker - kazhinji alkaline phosphatase uye peroxidase - yakambobatanidzwa kune antibody. Kuita kweruvara kunotsinhira kuonekwa kwebhakitiriya riri kwaro kana kuvepo kweutachiona hunodiwa uye kusimba kweruvara kunopa chiratidzo chehuwandu hwemaantigen kana masoja ekudzivirira chirwere mumuenzaniso wakapihwa.

Kune mana makuru emhando dzeELISA bvunzo:

• ELISA zvakananga, inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona kana kuyera masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Inongoshandisa antibody yekutanga;
• ELISA zvisina kunanga, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa, inoitawo kuti zvikwanise kuona kana kuongorora masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Inoshandisa yechipiri antibody iyo inopa zviri nani kunzwa pane kunanga ELISA;
• ELISA mumakwikwi, inobvumira kuyerwa kwemaantigen. Yakagadzirwa nemakwikwi ezvisungo, haishandisi enzyme;
• ELISA "mu sandwich", inobvumira kuyerwa kwemaantigen. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakutsvakurudza.

Iyo ELISA bvunzo inoshandiswa kune:

• Tsvaga uye kuyera masoja ekudzivirira chirwere muserology yekuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira: virology, parasitology, bacteriology, nezvimwewo;
• Dose mapuroteni panguva yakaderera: madhigirii chaiwo emamwe mapuroteni eplasma (immunoglobulin E (IgE), ferritin, mapuroteni mahomoni, etc.), tumor markers, nezvimwewo;
• Dose mamorekuru madiki: steroid mahomoni, thyroid mahormone, zvinodhaka ...

Iyo ELISA bvunzo inoshandiswa kunyanya kuongorora zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira:

Zvirwere zvepabonde (STDs)

Kusanganisira hepatitis, syphilis, chlamydia uye HIV. Inokurudzirwa nevakuru vehutano, ndiyo bvunzo huru yekuongorora AIDS: inoratidza kuvepo kweanorwisa HIV uye p24 antigen mavhiki matanhatu mushure mekutapukirwa.

Zvirwere zvedunhu kana kuti endemic

Yellow fever, Marburg virus chirwere (MVM), Ladengue, chirwere cheLyme, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Ebola, Lassa fever, nezvimwewo.

Iyo Covid-19

Kuitwa kweanopfuura mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu mushure mekutanga kwezviratidzo, iyo ELISA bvunzo inoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva, musingasviki awa, kuvepo kweanorwisa SARS-CoV-2 masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

Viral pathogens inokonzera prenatal zvirwere

Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex semuenzaniso.

Dzimwe mhosva

Asi akawanawo maapplication mukuona:

• Pregnancies;
• Autoimmune zvirwere;
• Zvokudya zvinokonzerwa nekudya: iyo quantitative determination of total immunoglobulins E (IgE) inobatsira mukuongorora uye kurapwa kweallergies;
• Hormonal kusagadzikana;
• Tumor markers;
• Mavhairasi emiti;
• Uye zvizhinji zvakare

Sechikamu chekuonekwa kweAnti-SARS-CoV-2 masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, chidzidzo chemutyairi chakaitwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020 neInstitut Pasteur, iyo CNRS, Inserm neYunivhesiti yeParis inosimbisa kuvimbika kweiyo ELISA bvunzo: ese ELISA bvunzo dzakaedzwa kushandiswa. iyo yese N protein yeSARS-CoV-2 (ELISA N) kana iyo extracellular domain yehutachiona spike (S) seyakananga maantigen. Nzira iyi yaizoita kuti zvikwanisike kuona masoja ekudzivirira chirwere muzvikamu zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana, nechiyero chakaderera che90%.

Kuitwa mukuongorora marabhoritari pane zvakanyorerwa kurapwa, Elisa bvunzo dzinodhura madhora gumi uye dzinodzoserwa pa10% neHealth Inishuwarenzi.

Kuitwa mune yemahara ruzivo, kuongorora uye diagnostic nzvimbo (CeGIDD), vanogona mahara kuHIV uye SARS-CoV-2.