Mukati
Manzwiro anopararira seutachiona, uye mafungiro evakatipoteredza anogona kuva nepesvedzero inoshamisa patiri. Mamiriro ekushanduka-shanduka uye nzira dzinonakidza dzechiitiko ichi dziri kudzidzwa naStephen Stosny, chiremba wemhuri uye munyori wemabhuku akatevedzana ehukama.
Mumwe nomumwe wedu anonzwisisa zvinorehwa nemashoko akadai se "social mood" kana "mufaro mumhepo." Asi kupi? “Izvi zvirungamutauro zvisina zvazvinoreva. Zvakangodaro, tinonzwisisa kukosha kwavo zvakanyanya, nekuti isu tinozviziva kuti hutachiona hwemanzwiro chii, "anodaro murapi wemhuri Stephen Stosny.
Nheyo yekutapurirana kwemanzwiro inoratidza kuti manzwiro evanhu vaviri kana kupfuura anosanganiswa uye anotapurirwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu mumapoka makuru. Isu tinowanzo funga nezvazvo sechiitiko chemukati, asi manzwiro anogona kutapurirana kupfuura chero hutachiona hunozivikanwa, uye hunogona kutapurirwa kune wese munhu ari pedyo.
Mumhomho yevanhu vatisingazivi, «chirwere chepfungwa» chinoita kuti tinzwe zvakafanana neboka rose.
Vakawanda vane mukana wokucherekedza kuti tinotapurwa sei nezvimiro zvendangariro zvemitezo yemhuri. Somuenzaniso, hazvibviri kufara kana vamwe vakaora mwoyo. Nekudaro, zvinonakidza kuti kutapurirana kwemanzwiro kunoshanda kunyangwe pasina kubatana pakati pevanhu. Semuenzaniso, mumhomho yevasingazivi, "chirwere chepfungwa" chinoita kuti tinzwe zvakafanana neboka rose.
Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti tinowedzera kushivirira pachiteshi chebhazi kana vanhu vakatipoteredza vasingashiviririwo. Asi kana vakashivirira kuti bhazi ranonoka, isu tichamirira chinyararire. "Magetsi ari mumhepo" anoita kuti tifare pachiitiko chemitambo kana rally, kunyange dai takanga tisina kunyanya kubatanidzwa pakutanga uye tangoenda kune kambani.
Evolutionary Kudikanwa
Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwekutapurirana kwemanzwiro, Stephen Stosny anoratidza kufunga nezvekubatsira kwayo mukupona kwevanhu. Kugovana "manzwiro eboka" kunotipa maziso akawanda, nzeve, uye mhino kuti titarise njodzi uye tiwane mukana wekupukunyuka.
Nokudaro, izvi zvinowanzoitika kune mapoka ose emhuka dzevanhu: mapaketi, mombe, kuzvikudza, madzinza. Kana imwe nhengo yeboka ikanzwa kutyisidzirwa, kuita hasha, kutya, kana kungwarira, vamwe vanobva vangotora chimiro ichi.
Patinoona kutya kana kutambura kwomumwe munhu ari muboka, tinganzwawo saizvozvo. Kana tikasaziva kuramba, vanhu vanofara papati vanotifadza, vanhu vane hanya vanotiita kuti tive nehanya, uye vanhu vakafinhwa vanotinetesa. Tinodzivisa avo vanotakura "mutoro pamapfudzi avo" uye avo vanovhiringidza kana kutiita kuti tizvidye mwoyo.
Emotional background inosarudza kuziva
Kufanana nechinhu chiri chose chinotapura chimiro chendangariro, “utachiona” hwakadaro hunosarudza zvikuru kufunga kwedu. Vatsvakurudzi vepfungwa vanoziva kuti vachawana imwe seti yemhinduro kumibvunzo yavanobvunza mumapoka anotarisisa uye imwe pavachabvunza mibvunzo mimwecheteyo kune mumwe nemumwe anotora chikamu pachivande.
Uye hakusi kuti vanhu vanonyepa pavanenge vari pamwe chete, kana kuti vanochinja pfungwa pavanenge vari voga. Nekuda kwepesvedzero yemanzwiro, vanogona kuve nemaonero akasiyana panyaya imwe chete, zvichienderana nenharaunda yavanenge vari panguva yeongororo.
Emotional contagion inozviratidza mumaparadhi ekubatana uye kufora kwekuratidzira, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, mu "kururamisira kwevanhu vazhinji"
The contagion musimboti zvakare inofunga nezve "groupthink". Vanhu vanowanzoteerera ruzhinji mumusangano kana kuita pamwe chete, kunyangwe vachipesana nemafungiro avo. Semuenzaniso, maitiro ane ngozi kana ane hasha emapoka evechiri kuyaruka anoratidzwa mukuti manzwiro emanzwiro e "utachiona" anokurudzira mwana mumwe nomumwe kuti apfuurire kudarika kwavo, uye dzimwe nguva kure navo, izvo zvinoguma nengozi, chisimba kana mufambiro weutsotsi.
Emotional contagion inozviratidza mumaparadhi ekubatana uye kufora kwekuratidzira, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, mu "mhomho yekururamisira", mhirizhonga, mhirizhonga uye kupamba. Padanho risinganyanyi kushamisira asi risingaonekwe zvishoma, izvi zvinotipa fashoni inogara ichichinja, tsika nemagariro, uye mwero wekururama kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Manzwiro asina kunaka anonyanya kutapuriranwa
“Makambozvibvunza here kuti nei tichinyanya kufunga nezvezvinokonzeresa manzwiro asina kunaka pane akanaka? Stosny anobvunza. — Handisi kutaura nezvevanhu vasina tariro uye vane chepfu vanogara vachitsvaga mukana wekuwana donhwe retara mudhiramu reuchi. Asi mushure mezvose, munhu wese anopa iyo yakaipa huremu husingaenzaniswi. Iwe pachako unofunga zvakadii pamusoro pezviitiko zvakanaka zvichienzaniswa nezvakaipa? Pfungwa dzako dzinopedzera nguva yakawanda nesimba pachii?
Manzwiro asina kunaka anoiswa pamberi pekugadzirisa muuropi sezvo achinyanya kukosha kuti urarame nekukurumidza. Vanotipa nekukurumidza adrenaline rush, iyo inodiwa, semuenzaniso, kusvetukira kure nenyoka uye kudzoreredza kurwiswa kwetiger-toothed tiger. Uye isu tinoibhadhara nemukana wekuona zvakare kunaka kwenyika yakatitenderedza.
Iyo "negative bias" inosarudza kuti sei kurasikirwa kuchikuvadza zvakanyanya kupfuura kuwana. Kudya chikafu chinonaka chakanaka, asi kazhinji hachifananidzi nekutsamwisa kwekudya kwakarasika. Kana iwe ukawana $ 10, kufara kuchagara kwezuva kana zvakadaro, uye kurasikirwa ne $ 000 kunogona kukanganisa mafungiro ako kwemwedzi kana kupfuura.
Positive manzwiro ehupenyu huri nani
Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, manzwiro akanaka anonyanya kukosha pakugara zvakanaka kwenguva refu. Tine mikana yekurarama kwenguva yakareba, tine hutano uye nekufara kana tikasangana nazvo kakawanda pane zvisina kunaka. Upenyu hunova nani kune avo vanokwanisa kukoshesa kunaka kwemafuro uye zuva richipenya pamashizha emiti…chero bedzi vachikwanisa kuona nyoka muuswa. Tinofanira kukwanisa kurarama panguva dzakakodzera kuti tirambe tichikoshesa nyika yakatipoteredza.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa kuti chero nyika dziviriro uye dzehasha, dzakadai sehasha, dzinopararira zvisina tsitsi kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu. Kana mumwe munhu akauya kuzoshanda ane chigumbu, ipapo panguva yekudya kwemasikati munhu wose akamupoteredza anenge atogumburwa. Vatyairi vane hasha vanoita kuti vamwe vatyairi vadaro. Wechiduku ane utsinye anoparadza kudya kwemanheru kwemhuri, uye mukwanyina asingashiviriri anoita kuti kuona TV kuve kunonetsa uye kunoodza mwoyo.
Kuziva sarudzo
Kana tiri pedyo nomunhu ane chigumbu, ane hasha, anotsvinya, anotsvinya, anotsiva, ipapo tichanzwa zvimwe chetezvo sezvaanoita. Uye kuti urege kufanana, iwe unofanirwa kuita nhamburiko uye nekubatanidza iyo yemukati Mukuru.
Chaizvoizvo, izvi hazvishamisi. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana tatapukirwa nemanzwiro aya, tinogona kuita zvakaipa kune munhu anotevera watinosangana naye. "Kana kugara kwako uye manzwiro ako zvichitsamira pane vamwe vanhu, iwe uchatadza kudzora iwe pachako uye nemamiriro ezvinhu uye, nekudaro, uchazvibata zvakanyanya. Uchava rectaholic, uye ruzivo rwako rwoupenyu ruchasarudzwa nemhinduro yako ku“kushatiswa kwemirangariro” yemhoteredzo,” anonyevera kudaro Stosny.
Asi nokudzidza kuvaka miganhu yemirangariro ine utano uye kuratidza ngwariro yokungwarira kumamiriro edu ezvinhu nemamiriro ezvinhu, tinogona kuchengeta kugadzikana nokudzora upenyu.
Nezvemunyori: Steven Stosny inyanzvi yepfungwa, chiremba wemhuri, mudzidzisi paYunivhesiti yeMaryland (USA), munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira munyori webhuku rakaturikirwa muchiRussian "Honey, tinoda kutaura nezvehukama hwedu ... Maitiro ekuzviita pasina kurwa ”(Sofia, 2008).