Mukati
Sei gamba reThe Big Bang Theory risinganyanyi kungwara uye rakapfava richifarirwa nemunhu wese? Zvichida vanhu vanokwezvwa nehuchenjeri hwake, hunotsiva zvikanganiso zvakawanda, anodaro purofesa webiology Bill Sullivan. Ko kana paine tarenda rakajeka zvakaenzana rakavigwa mune mumwe nemumwe wedu?
Chirimo ichi chakapedza mwaka wekupedzisira, wechigumi nembiri weBig Bang Theory ine mukurumbira pasi rose. Uye, izvo zviri atypical kune akatevedzana nezve masayendisiti, kutenderera kwakatoburitswa, nekuseka kumwe chete kunotaura nezvehudiki hwemumwe wemagamba anotyisa - Sheldon Cooper.
Sheldon akakunda mwoyo yevateereri, achisiyana zvachose nevatambi vemafirimu anoyevedza. Haana tsitsi. Haisi kuita mashura. Haana mwoyo murefu uye haana kugadzirira kunzwisisa vamwe. Uyu ane hutsinye akatendeseka egoist ane tsitsi dzakaoma kuona kupfuura Higgs boson. Mwoyo waSheldon unoita kunge wakamira serevheti muchivako chaanogara. Anoshatirisa uye anotsamwisa. Iye zvakare akajeka zvinoshamisa uye ane tarenda.
Runako rwakazvininipisa rwetarenda
Nei vaoni vakawanda pasi pose vachiona Sheldon achikwezva? “Nemhaka yokuti tinopenga pamusoro penyanzvi,” anodaro Bill Sullivan wezvesayenzi yezvinhu zvipenyu uye muzivisi. "Tarenda rakanakisa ndiro iro muwani weNobel Dr. Cooper ane zvakawanda."
Hunyanzvi hwekuongorora hunoshamisa hwaSheldon uye njere dzakakwirira chaizvo nekuda kwekusakudziridzika kwehungwaru hwepfungwa. Mumwaka wese, vataridzi havarasikirwe netariro yekuti gamba richawana kuenzana pakati pekufunga uye kugona kunzwa. Mune akati wandei ezviratidziro zvinokatyamadza zvakanyanya, isu tinotarisa nemweya wekufema sezvo Cooper inodarika pfungwa inotonhora uye inongoerekana yavhenekerwa nekunzwisisa manzwiro evamwe vanhu.
Muhupenyu chaihwo, kutengeserana kwakafanana pakati pehunyanzvi hwekuziva uye hwepfungwa kwakajairika mumasavants. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vanhu vane congenital kana vakawana (somuenzaniso, semugumisiro wekushungurudzika) kukanganiswa kwepfungwa uye izvo zvinonzi "chitsuwa chegenius". Inogona kuzviratidza mune zvinoshamisa kugona kwearithmetic kana mimhanzi, yakanaka art, cartography.
Bill Sullivan anofunga kuongorora nzvimbo iyi pamwe chete, kuti anzwisise hunhu hwehunyanzvi uye kuona kana mumwe nemumwe wedu akapihwa hunyanzvi hwepfungwa.
Yakavanzika shanje mukatikati mehuropi
Muna 1988, Dustin Hoffman akatamba zita rezita muna Rain Man, achitamba savant inopenya. Iyo prototype yehunhu hwake, Kim Peak, akatumidzwa zita rekuti "KIMputer", akaberekwa asina corpus callosum - plexus yetsinga fibers inobatanidza kurudyi nekuruboshwe hemispheres. Peak aisagona kugona hunyanzvi hwemotokari zhinji, aisakwanisa kuzvipfekedza kana kukwesha mazino ake, uye aivewo neIQ yakaderera. Asi, neruzivo rweencyclopedic zvechokwadi, aibva angotirova tose mu“Chii? Kupi? Rini?».
Peak aive nendangariro inoshamisa yemifananidzo: akabata nemusoro mabhuku ese, uye akaverenga angangoita zviuru gumi nezviviri zvawo muhupenyu hwake, uye aigona kudzokorora mazwi erwiyo rwaakanzwa kamwe chete. Mumusoro meiyi man-navigator makanga makachengetwa mepu dzemaguta makuru ose muUnited States.
Izvo zvinoshamisa matarenda emasavants anogona kunge akasiyana. Bofu kubva pakuzvarwa, Ellen Boudreau, mukadzi ane autism, anogona kuridza chidimbu chemimhanzi zvisina mhosva mushure mekuteerera kamwe chete. Autistic savant Stephen Wiltshire anokwevera chero nzvimbo kubva mundangariro chaizvo mushure mekuitarisa kwemasekonzi mashoma, ichimuwanira zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Live Camera".
Iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kune masimba makuru
Tingaitira shanje masimba makuru aya, asi kazhinji anouya nemutengo wakakwirira kwazvo. Imwe nzvimbo yehuropi haigone kukura pasina kutora zvakakosha zviwanikwa kubva kune vamwe. Mazhinji savants anosangana nematambudziko akakura nehukama hwemagariro, akasiyana mune maficha ari pedyo ne autistic. Vamwe vane kukuvara kweuropi zvakanyanya zvekuti havagone kufamba kana kuzvitarisira.
Mumwe muenzaniso savant Daniel Tammlet, a high-functioning autistic anoita uye anotaridzika semurume akajairwa kusvika atanga kuti pi kusvika makumi maviri nembiri nzvimbo kubva mundangariro kana kutaura imwe yemitauro mazana mashanu negumi nemana yaanoziva. Mamwe ma "macalculator mhenyu", akadai seyeGerman mathematician «wizard» Rutgett Gamm, havaratidzike sevasavants vane brain anomalies zvachose. Chipo cheGamma chinonyanya kutsanangurwa nekuchinja kwemajini.
Chinotonyanya kushamisa vanhu vasina kumira mushe kwehupenyu hwavo hwese kusvika vazobuda sevasaventi mushure mekukuvadzwa musoro. Masayendisiti anoziva nezve makumi matatu ezviitiko zvakadaro apo munhuwo zvake anongoerekana agamuchira tarenda risina kujairika mushure mekurohwa, sitiroko kana mheni. Chipo chavo chitsva chinogona kunge chiri ndangariro yemifananidzo, mumhanzi, masvomhu kana kunyangwe kugona kugona.
Zvinoita here kuti uve shasha?
Nyaya idzi dzese dzinoita kuti uzvibvunze kuti tarenda rakavanzwa riri muuropi hweumwe neumwe wedu. Chii chinoitika kana akasunungurwa? Ticha rap sa Kanye West, kana kuti tichawana plasticity yaMichael Jackson? Tichava maLobachevsky matsva mumasvomhu here, kana kuti tichave takakurumbira mune unyanzvi, saSalvador Dali?
Zvinofadzawo hukama hunoshamisa pakati pekubuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuita uye kuvandudzwa kwemamwe marudzi edementia - kunyanya, chirwere cheAlzheimer. Kuve nemhedzisiro inoparadza pakushanda kwekuziva kweiyo yepamusoro, chirwere cheurourodegenerative dzimwe nguva chinopa tarenda rinoshamisa mukupenda uye mifananidzo.
Imwe fanani pakati pekubuda kwechipo chitsva chehunyanzvi muvanhu vane chirwere cheAlzheimer uye savants ndechekuti kuratidzwa kwetarenda ravo kunosanganiswa nekuderera kana kurasikirwa kwehunyanzvi hwemagariro uye hwekutaura. Kucherechedzwa kwezviitiko zvakadaro kwakatungamira masayendisiti kumhedziso yekuti kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzehuropi zvine chekuita nekufunga kwekuongorora uye kutaura kunoburitsa kugona kusika kugona.
Isu tichiri kure nekunzwisisa kuti mune here murume mudiki weMvura mune mumwe nemumwe wedu uye nzira yekumusunungura.
Neuroscientist Allan Schneider weYunivhesiti yeSydney ari kushanda nenzira isiri-invasive yenguva "kunyarara" dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi dzichishandisa magetsi anotungamirirwa kuburikidza nemagetsi akaiswa mumusoro. Mushure mekunge anetesa vatori vechikamu mukuyedza, basa renzvimbo dzakafanana dzakaparadzwa muchirwere cheAlzheimer, vanhu vakaratidza mhedzisiro iri nani mukugadzirisa mabasa ekugadzira uye isiri-yepamusoro kufunga.
"Isu tichiri kure nekunzwisisa kuti mune mumwe nemumwe wedu mune murume mudiki here uye kuti tingamusunungura sei kubva muhusungwa," Sullivan anopedzisa. "Asi nemutengo wakakura wekubhadhara nekuda kwehunyanzvi uhu hunoshamisa, handingarote zvekuve shasha izvozvi."
Nezve Munyori: Bill Sullivan ndiye purofesa webiology uye munyori anotengesa zvakanyanya weNice Kuzviziva Iwe! Majini, utachiona, uye masimba anoshamisa anotiita zvatiri. ”