Mukati
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza pakuzivikanwa kwevana
Chirevo cheIGAS chinopa zano "chibvumirano chedzidzo chevana" kuitira kurwisa fungidziro dzepabonde munzvimbo dzekugamuchira. Zvinokurudzira izvo pasina mubvunzo zvichamutsiridza gakava rinopisa pamusoro pedzidziso dzevakadzi.
Mifananidzo kubva kuU store catalogs yaDecember 2012
The General Inspectorate of Social Affairs ichangobva kuburitsa mushumo wayo we "Kuenzana pakati pevasikana nevakomana muhurongwa hwekuchengetwa kwevadiki" yakakumbirwa naNajat Vallaud Belkacem.. Chirevo ichi chinocherekedza zvinotevera: mitemo yose inokurudzira kuenzana inouya kuzopesana nechipingamupinyi chikuru, mubvunzo wezvirongwa zvekumiririra izvo zvinopa varume nevakadzi kuhunhu hwevakadzi. Basa rinoratidzika kuva rinokudziridzwa kubva pauduku zvikuru, zvikurukuru mumitoo yokugamuchira. Kuna Brigitte Grésy naPhilippe Georges, vashandi vekireshi nevachengeti vevana vanoratidza chishuvo chekusarerekera zvachose. Muchokwadi, nyanzvi idzi zvisinei dzinochinja maitiro avo, kunyangwe nekusaziva, kune bonde remwana.Vasikana vadiki vangave vasinganyanyi kukurudzirwa, vasinganyanyi kukurudzirwa muzviitiko zvakabatana, vasinganyanyi kukurudzirwa kutora chikamu mumitambo yekuvaka. Mitambo uye kushandiswa kwemuviri kunoumbawo poto inonyunguduka yekudzidza kwevakadzi: "zvakanaka kuona", mitambo yega yega kune rumwe rutivi, "kutsvaga kubudirira", mitambo yezvikwata kune rumwe rutivi. Vatauriri vanomutsawo "binary" yakasikwa yematoyi, ine matoyi mashoma, evarombo evasikana, anowanzo kuderedzwa kusvika kuchikamu chezviitwa zvemumba uye zvemamai. Muzvinyorwa zvevana uye mupepanhau, chirume chinokundawo chikadzi.78% yemavhavha ebhuku anoratidza munhurume uye mumabasa ane mhuka iyo asymmetry inotangwa muchiyero chegumi kusvika gumi.. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chirevo cheIGAS chichitsigira kugadzwa kwe "chibvumirano chekudzidzisa vana" kusimudzira ruzivo pakati pevashandi nevabereki.
Muna Zvita 2012, zvitoro zveU zvakagovera bhuku rematoyi e "unisex", yekutanga yerudzi rwayo muFrance.
Nharo iri kuramba ichikwira
Zvirongwa zvemuno zvakatobuda. MuSaint-Ouen, kireshi yeBourdarias yakatokwezva vanhu vazhinji. Vakomana vaduku vanotamba nezvidhori, vasikana vaduku vanoita mitambo yekuvaka. Mabhuku akaverengwa ane vanhukadzi nevarume vakawanda. Vashandi vanosanganiswa. MuSuresnes, muna Ndira 2012, vamiririri gumi nevasere kubva kubazi revana (media library, nursery, leisure centers) vakatevera kudzidziswa kwekutanga kutyaira kwakanangana nekudzivirira kuita zvepabonde kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvevana. Uye ipapo, rangarira,paKisimusi yekupedzisira, zvitoro zveU zvakaita ruzha nekatalogi yaive nevakomana vane vacheche nevasikana vane mitambo yekuvaka..
Mubvunzo wekuenzana uye maonero evanhukadzi ari kuwedzera kukakavara muFrance uye anoona vezvematongerwo enyika, masayendisiti, vazivi uye psychoanalysts vachirwisana. Kutsinhana kunofadza uye kwakaoma. Kana vakomana vaduku vakati "vroum vroum" vasati vataura kuti "mummy", kana vasikana vaduku vachida kutamba nezvidhori, zvine chokuita nebonde ravo rekubereka, nehupenyu hwavo, kana nedzidzo yavakapiwa, saka? kutsika? Maererano nedzidziso dzevakadzi dzakabuda muUnited States mumakore makumi manomwe, uye dziri pamwoyo wekufunga kwezvino muFrance, kusiyana kweanatomical kwevakadzi hakuna kukwana kutsanangura nzira iyo vasikana nevakomana, vakadzi nevarume. pedzisira wanamatira kune zvinomiririra zvakapihwa kune mumwe nemumwe murume. Gender uye kuzivikanwa kwepabonde zvakanyanya kuvakwa munharaunda kupfuura chokwadi chebiological. Aiwa, varume vacho havasi veMars uye vakadzi vacho havasi veVenus. IKune idzi dzidziso, hausi mubvunzo wekuramba musiyano wekutanga webhayoloji asi wekuhubatanidza uye kunzwisisa kuti musiyano uyu wenyama unozogadzirisa sei hukama hwemagariro uye hukama hwekuenzana.. Pakapinzwa dzidziso idzi mumabhuku echikoro chepuraimari eSVT muna 2011, pakava nekuratidzira kwakawanda. Zvichemo zvakatenderera zvichibvunza nezvechokwadi chesainzi chetsvagurudzo iyi, inova ine pfungwa.
Maonero eeurobiologists
Anti-dzidziso dzezvechikadzi dzicharatidza bhuku naLise Eliot, American neurobiologist, munyori we "Pink brain, blue brain: neurons dzine bonde here?" “. Somuenzaniso, anonyora kuti: “Hungu, vakomana nevasikana vakasiyana. Ivo vane zvido zvakasiyana, nhanho dzekuita dzakasiyana, zvikumbaridzo zvakasiyana, masimba emuviri akasiyana, masitaera ehukama akasiyana, kugona kwakasiyana kwekusimbisa uye kugona kwakasiyana kwenjere! (…) Iyi misiyano pakati pevarume nevakadzi ine mhedzisiro chaiyo uye inopa matambudziko makuru kuvabereki. Tinotsigira sei vanakomana vedu pamwe chete nevanasikana vedu, kuvadzivirira uye kuramba tichivabata zvakanaka, nepo zvinodikanwa zvavo zvakanyatsosiyana? Asi usavimbe nazvo. Izvo zvinokudziridzwa nemuongorori pamusoro pezvose ndezvekuti misiyano iripo pakati peuropi hwemusikana mudiki nehuropi hwemukomana mudiki. Uye kuti misiyano pakati pemunhu mumwe yakakura zvikuru kupfuura iyo iri pakati pevarume nevakadzi.
Vatsigiri vehunhu hwakagadzirwa netsika vanogona zvakare kureva kune ane mukurumbira French neurobiologist, Catherine Vidal. Muchikamu chakabudiswa muna September 2011 mubhuku rinonzi Liberation, akanyora kuti: “Uropi hunogara huchigadzira matunhu matsva anobva pakudzidza uye neruzivo rwekurarama. (…) Mwana achangozvarwa haazive zvepabonde zvake. Zvechokwadi achadzidza kare kare kuti asiyanise murume kubva kumukadzi, asi kubva pazera remakore maviri nehafu kuti achakwanisa kuziva kune imwe yevarume vaviri. Zvisinei, kubva pakuberekwa iye ari kushanduka munharaunda yevakadzi: muimba yekurara, matoyi, zvipfeko uye maitiro evanhu vakuru zvakasiyana zvichienderana nepabonde remwana muduku.Iko kudyidzana nemhoteredzo kunotungamira kuravira, kugona uye kubatsira kuumba hunhu hunoenderana nemhando dzechirume nedzechikadzi dzakapihwa nenzanga. ".
Munhu wose anobatanidzwa
Hapana kushomeka kwenharo kubva kumativi ese. Mazita makuru muuzivi uye sainzi dzevanhu atora chinzvimbo mugakava iri. Boris Cyrulnik, neuropsychiatrist, ethologist, akapedzisira adzika munhandare kuti arase dzidziso dzerudzi, achiona chete pfungwa inoburitsa "ruvengo rwerudzi". ” Zviri nyore kurera musikana pane mukomana, akavimbisa Point muna September 2011. Uyezve, mukubvunzurudzwa kwevana vepfungwa, kune vakomana vaduku chete, vane kukura kwakaoma zvikuru. Mamwe masayendisiti anotsanangura shanduko iyi nebiology. Iko kusanganiswa kweXX chromosomes kwaizonyanya kugadzikana, nekuti shanduko pane imwe X inogona kubhadharwa neimwe X. Musanganiswa weXY uchange uri mudambudziko rekushanduka-shanduka. Wedzera kune iyi basa guru re testosterone, hormone yehushingi uye kufamba, uye kwete utsinye, sezvinowanzotendwa. ”Sylviane Agacinski, muzivi, akataurawo kusava nechokwadi. "Chero ani zvake asingatauri nhasi kuti zvinhu zvose zvinovakwa uye zvekugadzira anopomerwa kuva" naturalist ", yekuderedza zvinhu zvose kune zvakasikwa uye biology, izvo pasina munhu anoti! »(Mhuri yechiKristu, Chikumi 2012).
Muna Gumiguru 2011, pamberi peVamiriri veKodzero dzeMadzimai veNational Assembly, Françoise Héritier, nyanzvi huru mune zveanthropology, akauya kuzopikisa kuti zviyero, zvinoratidzwa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, zvine simba guru pakuzivikanwa kwevanhukadzi. Anopa mienzaniso yakati wandei kutsigira ratidziro yake. Muedzo weunyanzvi hwemotokari, chekutanga, wakaitwa pavacheche vane mwedzi misere kunze kwaamai uyezve ivo varipo. Kana vanaamai vasipo, vana vanoitwa kukambaira nendege yakarerekera. Vasikana vacho vanonyanya kusava nehanya uye vanokwira materu. Vanaamai vanobva vashevedzwa uye ivo pachavo vanofanirwa kugadzirisa kurerekera kwebhodhi zvinoenderana neakafungidzirwa kugona kwevana. Mhedzisiro: vanowedzeredza ne8 ° kugona kwevanakomana vavo uye vanorerutsa ne20 ° avo evanasikana vavo.
Nekune rimwe divi, munyori wemanovhero Nancy Houston akaburitsa muna Chikunguru 2012 bhuku rine musoro unoti “Kufungidzira muziso remurume” umo anotsamwiswa nemashoko ekuti “kugarisana” kwevanhukadzi, anoti varume havana zvishuwo zvakafanana uye zvakafanana. hunhu hwepabonde sevakadzi uye kuti kana vakadzi vachida kufadza varume hazvisi kuburikidza nekuvatorwa.Dzidziso yevakadzi, maererano naye, ingave "kuramba kwengirozi kweumhuka hwedu". Ikoku kunotsinhirana naFrançoise Héritier pamberi pevamiriri veparamende: “Pamarudzi ose emhuka, vanhu ndivo bedzi umo varume vanorova ndokuuraya hadzi dzavo. Kuparara kwakadaro hakupo mu "zvisikwa" zvemhuka. Mhirizhonga yekuuraya vanhukadzi mukati merudzi rwayo chibereko chetsika dzevanhu uye kwete yehunhu hwayo hwemhuka ”.
Izvi zvamazvirokwazvo hazvisati zvichitibetsera kusarudza pamusoro pekwakabva kuravidza kusina mwero kwevakomana vaduku nokuda kwemotokari, asi izvo zvinotiyeuchidza kusvika pamwero wakadini, mukukakavadzana uku, misungo inowanzobudirira mukuziva rutivi rwetsika namasikirwo.