Mukati
Zhizha riri kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Husiku huri kuramba huchiwedzera kutonhora, makore ari kuwedzera kumhanya. Pears nemaapuro anoibva, gungwa buckthorn rinozadzwa neruvara rweorenji. Tiri kukohwa nekugadzirira matsutso. Uye August akanga akaita sei kumadzitateguru edu?
Gustoed vs sextile
KuRussia kusati kwabhabhatidzwa, August aidanwa zvakasiyana, asi zita racho raitova nechokuita nekarenda. Kune imwe nzvimbo kune “kupenya” (mambakwedza anotonhora), pane imwe nzvimbo kune “nyoka” (kukohwa kwava kupera), pane imwe nzvimbo kune “muchengetedzi wemwedzi” kana kuti “mudyi wakakora” (tafura panguva iyoyo yakanga iri zvikurukuru. mupfumi).
Zita remazuva ano harina chekuita nemasikirwo: mutero kune zvisina maturo zvevanhu. Mwedzi wakatumidzwa kudaro mukuremekedza mambo weRoma Octavian Augustus: kukundwa kweEgypt kwakawira panguva iyi yakanyatsobudirira kwaari. Mambo akasarudza mwedzi waimbonzi «sextile». Ndakatora muenzaniso kubva kuna Julius Caesar, uyo nguva pfupi asati atumidza zita rekuti "quintillium" kuna Chikunguru.
Asi kudzokera kuvarume vedu vokuRussia. "Murimi ane matambudziko matatu muna Nyamavhuvhu: kucheka, kurima, uye kudyara," vaiwanzotaura muRussia. Ko vakadzi? Uye zvakare pakanga paine chirevo: "Kunaani anoshanda, uye vakadzi vedu vane zororo muna Nyamavhuvhu." Aiwa, nyaya dzavo hadzina kuzodzikira, asi mufaro muhupenyu wakawedzera - mwedzi unogutsa, unobereka zvibereko!
Ngwarira mvura nemhuka dzinovaraidza
Kusvikira muna 1917, Zuva raIlyin raipembererwa musi waJuly 20. Asi pashure pekuchinja kwekarenda, zororo racho rakachinja, uye zvino rava musi waAugust 2. Sezvakaitika kuna Ivan Kupala, zuva raIlyin mutsika yeRussia rakatorawo zvose zvitendero zvechihedheni uye Tsika dzechiKristu.
Pane shanduro iyo zuva rePerunov, rakawira panguva ino, nekugamuchirwa kwechiKristu, rakatanga kunzi Ilyin. Uye mufananidzo wemuprofita weTestamente Yekare Eria, akararama makore angangoita mazana mapfumbamwe Jesu Kristu asati azvarwa, akawana zvimiro zvechimwari chinotyisa chechipegani. Eria akava muRussia mutongi wokutinhira, mheni nemvura, ishe wokukohwa nokubereka.
VaSlav vaitenda kuti kunyange mweya yakaipa yaitya Eria: pazuva re "musande anotyisa" akachinja kuva mhuka dzakasiyana - katsi, imbwa, mhumhi, tsuro. Zvipfuyo zvakawira kunze kwekufarirwa paZuva raIlyin - vaisabvumidzwa kupinda mumba. Basa rose pazuva iri rakamira, kuti arege kutsamwisa muporofita Eria uye kuti asaunza chimvuramabwe, kutinhira nemheni kuhupfumi hwake.
Varume vanobva mumisha yakapoteredza vakaronga "hama" pazuva raIlyin (mutambo uyu unozivikanwawo se "munyengetero", "chibayiro"): vakaungana patafura yakajairika, vaidya, vakanwa, vaifamba uye vakaita tsika nemhuka yechibayiro. Vanogona kuva nzombe, mhuru kana gwayana. Pamberi paEria, vakamutenga muchikwama, vakamukodza, uye pashure pokushumira munamato, vakamucheka. Ipapo vose vakadya pamwe chete, vachidya navaenzi navapemhi.
Madzitateguru edu aiziva kuti panguva iyi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematsutso zvakaonekwa, zuva rakanga risingachadziyi, uye mvura yakatonhora.
Kutanga kubva kumazuva aIlyin, zvaive zvichibvira kutanha michero yemusango uye kudya michero yechirimwa chitsva, pamwe nekuridza zviridzwa zvevanhu. Zvaitendwa kuti panguva yekuibva kwezvibereko, mutambo unogona "kuvhuvhuta magirini", ndiko kuti, kukanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa, saka vakarambidza mutambo.
"Ilya asati ageza, uye kubva Ilya anoti zvakanaka kurwizi!" — vakadaro vanhu. Sei usingakwanisi kushambira mushure mezuva raIlyin? Mumwe munhu anoti Ilya "akaita weti" mumvura, mumwe munhu anoti akakanda chando kana dombo rinotonhora mukati maro. Uye kuchamhembe kweRussia vanotenda kuti akanga asiri Ilya akapinda mumvura, asi nondo kana bheya.
Chero zvazvingava, zuva raIlyin ndiro muganhu wekarenda wemwaka. Uye kubva panguva dzekare, madzitateguru edu, aiziva kuona kuchinja kuduku pane zvakasikwa, aiziva kuti panguva iyi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematsutso zvakaonekwa, maitiro emhuka neshiri akachinja, zuva rakanga risisina kudziya, uye zuva rakapera. mvura yakabva yatonhora. Autumn iri pamhino - «reserve», kune basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa nekukohwa. Uye nenhengo dzemba dzinorwara, dzinotonhora dzekugeza, hauwane dambudziko rakakwana. Saka vakatanga kutaura kuti Ilya "akaita weti" mumvura kuitira kuti adzivise chido chekudzika ipapo.
Ngatikunguruke tichiyambuka munda
Pakati paAugust, vanhu vechiSlavic vaigara vachipemberera «dozhinki» - kupera kwekukohwa. Uyezve, zororo iri rainzi «obzhinki» kana «fungidziro / fungidziro». Pazuva rino, varume nevakadzi vakashanda mumunda mukunyarara kwakakwana kuitira kuti varege kukanganisa «munda» - mweya, muridzi wemunda.
Pashure pokunge chisote chokupedzisira chagadzirwa, vakadzi vakaunganidza majeko ose, vakaasunga nesadza rokupedzisira, uye munhu wose akatanga kumumburuka mumashanga. Hungu, kwete saizvozvo, asi nemashoko okuti: “Mukohwi, mukohwi! Ipai musungo wangu pamutswi, paburiro, nepaburiro, nepamurukwa wakakokotwa.
Vanhu vakuru vakaita sevanhu, asi hupenyu hwemurombo hwakanga hwakaoma - zhizha rose mumunda. Basa racho harisi nyore, asi harigoni kuitwa, kana zvisina kudaro nguva yechando ichava nenzara. Uye heinoi chisote chekupedzisira! Iwe haungafari sei? Iyi tsika yakapa varume nevakadzi zororo uye kusunungurwa nekunakidzwa kwayo kusina musoro. Varimi vaive nesundress uye kokoshnik yakagadzirira kushongedza shefu yekupedzisira. Mukadzi wemashanga akaunzwa nenziyo pachivanze, ndokugadzikwa pakati petafura nezvokudya, uye kupembera kwakapfuurira.
Uye madzitateguru edu aiziva kushanda uye kufara. Nyamavhuvhu ndiyo mwedzi unonyanya kukosha kune varimi veRussia, nekuti hupenyu hwemhuri yese hwaienderana nekukohwa kusvika zhizha rinotevera. Uye kupfekedza mukadzi wemashanga ndiyo yakanakisa "chikwata chekuvaka" panguva yebasa rekurima.
Kunwa uchi: zviponese, ndiani anogona
Pakati paAugust, iyo Dormition Fast inotanga. Asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, vanhu vaimuti "mudyi wesango." Vakataura izvi: "Kutsanya kweAssumption kunodyisa murombo kuti agute", "Kutsanya - pasina nzara, kushanda - pasina kuneta", "Muna Nyamavhuvhu, mukadzi anodzvinyirira ridge mumunda, asi hupenyu hwake huchi: mazuva mapfupi - akareba kupfuura husiku, achirwadza kumashure - hongu pickle patafura. "
Musi waAugust 14, maererano nekarenda yechiKristu, Muponesi weuchi anowira (mukarenda yekare yaiva August 1). Vapfuri nyuchi vakanhonga mizinga kubva mumikoko ndokuenda nayo kuchechi kunotsvenesa. Ikoko vakagamuchira chikomborero chekudya uchi, uye mazuva anonaka akatanga nehuchi gingerbread, mapanike neuchi, pie uye mabhanzi. Uye ivo vakagadzira huchi hwekunwa - imwe chete iyo mungano dzeRussia "yakayerera ichidzika nemasharubu, asi haina kumbopinda mumuromo."
Huchi hwegomba hwakanga husina chinhu chakafanana nemead: yakasimwa kwenguva yakareba, kwemakore, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kwaida chigadzirwa chaive chinodhura kupfuura sturgeon caviar.
Zvakare, izwi rekuti "kuponeswa" mune ino chirevo rinoreva "kuzviponesa" - kune zvese zvipo zvechinyakare zvemwedzi wekupedzisira wezhizha: uchi, maapuro nechingwa.
Hezvino izvo munzveri wezvokudya wokuRussia William Pokhlebkin anonyora pamusoro peizvi: “Medostav yakabatanidzwa nechimwe chigadzirwa chisingawanzowaniki uye chakatsakatika—glue yehove (karluk). Karluk yakawedzerwa kune huchi hwakagadzirirwa husati hwaiswa tara kuitira kuti inonoke, inonoke nzira yekuvirisa uye "kudzima" (paste pamusoro) zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinomuka muuchi, zvisingaite.
Sezvo karluk yakanga ine mari inodhura mazana emazana kupfuura sturgeon caviar (pood ye caviar - 15 rubles, pood karluk - 370 rubles), izvi zvakawedzerawo mari yehuchi hwakapiwa. Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzekubika dzinofunga kuti kunwa uchi kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa gelatin.
Mushure meMuponesi weHuchi anouya Muponesi weApple - August 19. Kubva pazuva iroro zvichienda mberi, yakabvumirwa kudya maapuro. Uye ipapo Nut (kana Khlebny) - August 29. Pazuva rino vaigara vachibika uye vakatsvenesa chingwa. Mazororo eMuponesi anonzi mukukudza Jesu Kristu Muponesi (Muponesi). Zvakare, izwi rekuti "kuponeswa" mune ino chirevo rinoreva "kuzviponesa" - kune zvese zvipo zvechinyakare zvemwedzi wekupedzisira wezhizha: uchi, maapuro nechingwa.