Mukati
Hyperlipidemia (Cholesterol uye triglycerides)
THEhyperlipidemia, ichokwadi chekuva ne yakakwira lipids muropa (mafuta akawandisa), iyo inosanganisira cholesterol uye triglycerides. Ichi chimiro chemuviri hachikonzeri zviratidzo. Kune vanhu vazhinji, haina mhedzisiro yakaipa. Zvakadaro ndechimwe chezvakakosha pane zvakawanda zvengozi izvo, zvinotorwa pamwechete, zvinogona kutungamirira kuchirwere chemoyo.
Yakawandisa lipids muropa inobatsira kuomesa uye kukora mutsetse we tsinga dzemoyo, coronary arteries. Nekuda kweizvozvo, moyo unochinja zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya nekuomerwa nekushanda kwemuviri. Hyperlipidemia, nekukuvadza mutsara wetsinga, inobatsirawo pakuumbwa kweropa rinoputika rinogona kuvhara zvachose tsinga inokonzera njodzi yecerebrovascular (stroke), chirwere chemoyo (heart attack). Ma plaque akakobvu mumadziro etsinga anogonawo kutsemuka otakurwa kutenderera (fat embolism) obva atamira kumatsinga madiki aanovhara, semuenzaniso achikonzera sitiroko..
Chinangwa: kudzivirira kana kunonoka kusagadzikana mwoyo
The bongozozo mwoyo ndivo vanonyanya kukonzera rufu panyika1. MuCanada, semuenzaniso, kusagadzikana kwemoyo kwave yechipiri kukonzeresa kufa (28% yerufu), kuseri kwegomarara (29% yevakafa)3.
Kunyangwe kuputa kwave nehafu, kuwedzera kwehuremu, kufutisa uye zvakare turn of chiuno (munzvimbo yedumbu) (inenge 5 cm kusvika 6 cm yakawanda mumakore makumi maviri apfuura50) inotaridza kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwehutano hwemoyo kwemakore anotevera.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti izvi zvirwere zvemoyo hazviwanzo kuuraya kupfuura zvakapfuura: huwandu hwerufu hwakadonha neanosvika 40% mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Kune sitiroko, manejimendi ari kuwedzerawo kushanda nesimba.
Ko cholesterol yakawandisa uye triglycerides inobva kupi?
Le chiropa inoburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwe cholesterol (4 / 5th) inoshandiswa nemuviri mumabasa akasiyana. Zvimwe zvacho zvinobvachikafu, kunyanya chikafu chemhuka. Izvokudya zvine mafuta akawandisa (nyama ine mafuta, ruomba, zvinogadzirwa nomukaka zvine mafuta) uye mafuta e<em>trans (majarini ane hydrogenated, kupfupisa miriwo, madhiri, makeke) zvinosimudza mwero we<em>cholesterol “yakaipa,” inonzi LDL. Nekudaro, isu zvino tinoziva kuti kune vanhu vazhinji, chikafu checholesterol chega chine mhedzisiro shoma pamazinga eropa cholesterol: inongopesvedzera mwero wecholesterol muropa we1/5. Nokudaro, mazai, shrimps uye nyama yenhengo, somuenzaniso, iyo yakakwirira mucholesterol, haifaniri kurambidzwa, sezvo ine mafuta mashoma akazara.
Mukuwedzera kune chikafu chinodyiwa, kushaya zvekuita zvemuviri (sedentary lifestyle) uye kusvuta kunogonawo kukwidza cholesterol mazinga. Uyezve, iyo kuGenoa vane pesvedzero yavo kunyanya muhombe autosomal dominant family hyperlipidemias.
Cholesterol imorekuru remhuka, risipo kubva muzvirimwa. Inobvumira kutorwa kwemafuta ekudya kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwe bile. Cholesterol inobvumirawo kugadzirwa kwemahomoni saka yakakosha kuhupenyu, hatigone kurarama tisina cholesterol.
Kudai triglycerides, kazhinji vanobva kudoro uye Sukari kunwa zvakanyanya (kunyanya "kutsanya" shuga, zvakadai semichero yemichero uye zvimwe zvinwiwa zvine shuga, makeke, confectionery uye jamu), inoshandurwa kuva triglycerides nechiropa. Saka kunyangwe triglycerides iri rudzi rwemafuta (uye nekudaro mafuta) muropa, kuvepo kwavo kwakanyanya hakuwanzo kubva kumafuta ekudya, asi kubva kune yakawandisa shuga.
Maonero enyanzvi
Dr Martin Juneau, chiremba wemwoyo Mutungamiriri weDziviriro paMontreal Heart Institute Zvikafu zvine shuga zvine simba rakakura sezvikafu zvine mafuta paropa lipids? Zvikafu zvine mafuta zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo paropa lipids, asi chikafu chine shuga zvakare chinovakanganisa uye vanoita basa rakakosha zvakaenzana sekudya kwemafuta muhutano hwese. Kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura, pane kupomerwa kwakawanda kwokuti mafuta anokuvadza tsinga nemwoyo, asi mumakore 25 kana 4 apfuura, mamwe mapoka ekutsvakurudza akanaka kwazvo akaziva kuti zvichida takaisa mafuta akawanda. pairi. kusimbiswa pamafuta uye kwete zvakakwana pashuga. Takataura zvakawanda nezve cholesterol, mafuta akazara, trans mafuta. Indasitiri pfungwa yave iri kubvisa mafuta kwese-kwese: pasi-mafuta yoghurts, cholesterol-isina zvigadzirwa, etc. Asi kuti tivandudze kuravira, taiwanzowedzera shuga. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzakati wandei dzinotenda kuti denda rekufutisa rinokonzerwa nekuita kweindasitiri iyi. Mazuvano, tinodya zvakanyanya asi kunyanya tinodya shuga yakawanda. Isu zvirokwazvo takaregeredza mhedzisiro yeiyi shuga yakawandisa. Shuga inokanganisa ropa lipids, kunyanya kuburikidza ne insulin metabolism. Paunodya dhizeti inotapira, taura chidimbu chekeke kana yogati inotapira, insulin yako inokwira kuti udzikise shuga yeropa. Kana insulin yakakwira muropa, inokonzera kuwanda kwekuita. Semuenzaniso, maawa mashoma mushure mekudya dhizeti iyi, chiropa chako chinotanga kugadzira mamwe triglycerides. Iyo zvakare inoburitsa zvishoma LDL cholesterol, asi mhedzisiro yeshuga pamhando iyi yeropa lipid yakapfava. Uye zvakanyanya kazhinji, nekusimudza mwero we insulin, shuga inokonzera kuchengetedza mafuta. Mafuta anogara mu viscera anowedzera waistline uye anobudisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopisa uye zvinokonzerwa nehutu. Kuzvimba kwakabatana nechirwere chemoyo uye pamwe kenza zvakare. Maonero aDr Cocaul Arnaud, chiremba wezvekudya muParis Kudya kwedu kwekuMadokero ndiko kunobva triglycerides kupfuura cholesterol. Saka pazuva, tinodya kuburikidza nekudya, inenge 120 g ye triglycerides uye 0,5 kusvika 1 g yecholesterol. dziviriro kufutisa kunopinda kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwekudya kwemukati memhuri (kuziva kuti dzidzo inototanga kumwana ari mudumbu raamai, saka kukosha kwesarudzo yekudya yevakadzi vane pamuviri). Kuputika kwekutengeswa kwezvinwiwa zvine shuga muFrance sekune dzimwe nyika pasi rose pakati pevechidiki kunounza dambudziko rehutano hweveruzhinji nekuti rinofarira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekufutisa.. Tinofanira kudzidzisa vechidiki vedu kunwa mvura uye kwete chimwe chinhu. Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kunge chiri chekusvika nenguva uye chakachengeterwa nguva dzemafaro. Kuona hepatic steatosis (chiropa chine mafuta) muvanhu vechidiki kunowedzera uye kunowanzoitika uye kunoratidza matambudziko ese anozotevera nekuti mudiki wechidiki akafutisa ane nguva yekuchembera uye nekudaro kuderera. Kunetseka kwevabereki hakufanirwe kunge kuri kurwisa cholesterol, iyo inoramba iri izwi risinganzwisisike uye rinoshungurudza, asi kurwisa triglycerides, iyo nhanho inotsamira zvakananga pane zvirimo zve sucrose, fructose uye mamwe mashuga mukudya kwedu kwezuva nezuva.
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Nzira yekuziva sei hyperlipidemia?
Na lipid chimiro yakagadzirwa kubva pakuongororwa ropa (chiremba anonyora pane zvakanyorerwa: tsananguro ye lipid abnormality), tinoyera:
- huwandu hwe LDL cholesterol, kana kuti "cholesterol yakaipa";
- huwandu hwe triglycerides;
- huwandu hwe HDL-cholesterol, kana kuti "yakanaka" cholesterol;
- huwandu cholesterol yakazara (CT).
Zvichienderana nemhosva, kumwe kuongororwa ropa kunogona kupiwa nachiremba. Semuenzaniso, kuyera chiyero cheLp (a) (lipoprotein yakanyanya kukwidziridzwa muvanhu vane panguva imwe chete yakakwirira LDL-C) uye kuyera C-reactive protein, chiratidzo chekuzvimba.
"Yakanaka" cholesterol, "yakaipa" cholesterol, triglycerides! Kufanana nemamwe lipids eropa, cholesterol haina kunyungudika muropa. Kuti itenderere ipapo uye iendeswe kumacells, inoda kutakurwa nezvinhu zvinonzi lipoprotein. Heano maviri makuru marudzi e lipoprotein:
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Yakanyanya kukwirira kana yakajairika: maitiro ekuongorora cholesterol mazinga?
Vanachiremba vava kuongorora cholesterol zvishoma. Ivo havachatauri nezvemitengo yakajairwa asi pamusoro pemitengo ine chekuita nemamiriro emunhu wega wega uye, pamusoro pezvose, nekuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvirwere mwoyo.
Saka, mazinga echolesterol anofanirwa kutariswa nemunhu anofungidzirwa zvichienderana nechiyero chavo ngozi ye zvirwere zvemwoyo (angina kurwisa, myocardial infarction, sitiroko); mumakore maviri anotevera. Izvi zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei: nhoroondo yemunhu yechirwere chemoyo, zera, kuputa, chirwere cheshuga, BP, ikozvino yakazara cholesterol uye HDL mazinga, nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere chemoyo, kufutisa kwedumbu, uye murume kana mukadzi.
Cardiovascular risk factors zvinogona kukamurwa kuva zvinogadzirisika uye zvisingachinjike zvinhu
Zvisingagadzirike njodzi zvinhu:
- Zera rinopfuura makumi mashanu kumurume kana kupfuura makumi matanhatu kumukadzi.
- Nhoroondo yemunhu infarction kana sitiroko,
- Aya maantecenter akafanana aripo mumutsara wemhuri wekutanga (hanzvadzi, vakoma, baba naamai) vasati vasvika makore makumi mashanu neshanu kuvarume uye 55 kuvakadzi.
Modifiable risk factors:
- yakaderera HDL-C pazasi 0,40 g / l,
- Chirwere cheshuga,
- High blood pressure,
– Kusvuta nyangwe wakarumurwa kwemakore asingasviki matatu.
Semuenzaniso, kune akafanana cholesterol mazinga:
- murume ane makore 55 okukura anosvuta ane hypertension achaonekwa ari panjodzi huru. Naizvozvo anofanira kuvavarira kupfuurira kuderedza mazinga ake echolesterol;
- mukadzi ane makore 34 okukura asingasvuti uye asina high blood pressure anozoonekwa sengozi yakaderera: haazodi kuderedza cholesterol yake zvakanyanya.
Zvinokurudzirwa pakurapa cholesterol muFrance
Vanachiremba vanoshandisa fomula yaFriedewald kuona mazinga eLDL-C (haagone kuyerwa mumaitiro echinyakare mulabhu yeguta)
LDL-C = CT - (HDL-C + TG / 5) mumagiramu parita
Isu tobva tanongedzera kune tafura iri pazasi iyo inosarudza izvo LDL-C zvinangwa zvinotorwa zvinoenderana nezvinosanganisirwa njodzi zvinhu.
Zvakadini nehuwandu hwe triglyceride?
Chiyero che triglycerides inosiyana nyore nyore zuva nezuva, zvichienderana nekudya. Nyanzvi hadzisati dzaona chinangwa (chakanaka triglyceride level) yekudzivirira chirwere chemoyo. Nekudaro, kana iyo triglyceride level yasvika kana kudarika 1,7 mmol / l (1,5 g / l), ingozi ye metabolic syndrome. Tiri kutaura nezvazvohypertriglyceridemiapamusoro pe2g/l.