"Ndinovenga, asi ndinovhota": nei vezvematongerwo enyika vanoshora vachikunda

Mune zvematongerwo enyika makuru, hunhu huchiri kuita basa guru. Tinotenda kuti munhu ane chiremera anofanira kunge akafanirwa nazvo. Democracy inoratidzika kuvapo ipapo, kusarudza akakodzera zvikuru. Asi mukuita, zvinobuda kuti "rima" hunhu hunowanzogara pamwe nekubudirira.

Musarudzo dzemuAmerica, vese vari kukwikwidza vakawana madomasi akaora akaenzana. Trump akapomerwa rusaruraganda, akayeuchidzwa nezvemashoko ekutuka pamusoro pevakadzi, vakaseka bvudzi rake. Clinton, zvakare, akawana mukurumbira wezvematongerwo enyika anoshora uye anonyengera. Asi vanhu ava vari pamusoro. Pane here tsanangudzo yeizvi?

Formula ye (vanhu) rudo

Vazhinji vatori venhau vesainzi uye nyanzvi dzepfungwa vakaedza kunzwisisa kuti hunhu hupi hwevanhu vaviri ava hunoita kuti vataridzike uye vasemese - vangangoita vezvematongerwo enyika. Saka, vanyori vakaongororwa vachishandisa bvunzo inozivikanwa yeBig Five. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubasa ravo nevanotora uye vechikoro vepfungwa.

Chiyedzo chimiro, sekureva kwazvinoreva, chinosanganisira zvishanu zviratidzo: extraversion (kushamwaridzana kwaunoita), nyasha (wagadzirira kusangana nevamwe pakati), kungwarira (une hunhu hwekuita zvaunoita uye mararamiro aunoita), neuroticism ( sei wakagadzikana mupfungwa iwe) uye kuvhurika kune zvitsva zviitiko.

Asi nzira iyi yakashoropodzwa kanopfuura kamwe chete: kunyanya, iyo «Five» haigone kuona maitiro emunhu ehunhu hwekusashamwaridzana (somuenzaniso, kunyengedza uye duplicity). Iko kugona kukunda pamusoro pevanhu, kuwana kuvimba kwavo, uye panguva imwechete kuvasiya pasina kuzvidemba kana zvichibatsira inzira yekare yesociopaths.

Chiratidzo chisipo «kutendeseka - hunhu hwekunyengedza» iri muyedzo yeHEXACO. Canadian psychologists, nerubatsiro rweboka renyanzvi, vakaedza vese vari vaviri uye vakaziva hunhu mune ese ari maviri anonzi Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism).

"Zviri zviviri zvakanaka"

Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, zvibodzwa zvakaderera pachiyero cheKuvimbika-Kuzvininipisa zvinoreva kuti munhu anowanzo "kunyengedza vamwe, kuvashandisa, kunzwa akakosha uye asingakoshi, kutyora tsika dzekuita kuti ivo vabatsirwe."

Kubatanidzwa kwehumwe hunhu kunoratidza kuti munhu anokwanisa sei kuvanza zvinangwa zvake zvechokwadi uye kuti ndedzipi nzira dzavanosarudza kushandisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo. Ndiwo musanganiswa wakawanda unotaridza kuti munhu angave mukororo wemumugwagwa here, anobudirira kufungidzira masheya kana wezvematongerwo enyika.

Hillary Clinton akagamuchira zvibodzwa zvakaderera muzvikamu zvekutendeseka-kuzvininipisa uye manzwiro, zvichiita kuti vape pfungwa yekuti "ane humwe hunhu hweMachiavellian."

Donald Trump akazove ari padyo nerudzi urwu: vaongorori vakamuti aive asina hunhu, asina hushamwari uye asina mwero. "Hunhu hwake huyero hwakanyanya kuenderana neiyo psychopath uye narcissist mhando," vanyori vanonyora. "Unhu hwakadai hunopesana nemagariro evanhu hunoita kuti zvishamise kuti sei vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vachitsigira Trump."

"Vanhu vakasimba vanogara vakaoma zvishoma ..."

Tichifunga nezve hunopesana nemagariro ehunhu hwaTrump, akakwanisa sei kuwana kuzivikanwa kwakadaro? “Chimwe chingabvira,” munyori anoongorora Beth Visser nevamwe vake anoti, “ndechokuti vanhu havamuoni somunhu wavaizofanira kubata naye muupenyu, asi somuenzaniso womunhu anobudirira anokwanisa kuita zvinangwa.” Kunyange vavhoti vakavhotera Clinton havana kuzeza kubvuma kuti ivo pachavo vaizoda kuita saTrump.

Zvichida iyi ndiyo kiyi yekuti sei munhu mumwechete mumamiriro akasiyana uye muvanhu vakasiyana anogona kumutsa manzwiro akasiyana zvachose.

Kudavirwa kwakaderera kunogona kuve kwakabatana nekuzvikudza mukuongororwa, asi hunogona kuve hwakakosha hunhu kune muzvinabhizinesi uye wezvematongerwo enyika anotarisirwa kuve akasimba uye akaomarara mukudzivirira zvido zvekambani kana nyika.

Kunzwa kuderera kwemoyo kunogona kutiunzira kupomedzerwa hutsinye, asi rubatsiro mubasa: semuenzaniso, kwaunoda kuita sarudzo dzakaoma uye kutora njodzi. Handizvo here zvinowanzotarisirwa kumutungamiri?

“Iwe hausi kuridza muridzo kudaro, hausimudze mapapiro ako saizvozvo”

Chii chakauraya mukwikwidzi waTrump? Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, stereotypes inotambwa naye: mufananidzo waClinton hauna kukodzera zvachose nemaitiro ayo mukadzi anoongororwa nawo munharaunda. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune zviratidzo zvakaderera zvekuzvininipisa uye manzwiro.

Nyanzvi yemitauro Deborah Tannen anodana izvi "musungo wakapetwa kaviri": nzanga inoda kuti mukadzi aite zvinoenderana uye akapfava, uye wezvematongerwo enyika kuti ave akasimba, anokwanisa kuraira uye kuwana nzira yake.

Zvinonakidza kuti mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kusingawanzo kweRussia programmers kubva kuMail.ru Group inopindirana nemhedziso idzi. Vakashandisa neural network - chirongwa chekudzidza - kufanotaura kuti ndiani aizova mutungamiri anotevera weUnited States. Kutanga, purogiramu yacho yakagadzira mifananidzo yevanhu mamiriyoni 14, ichiiisa mumapoka 21. Akabva apihwa basa re "kufungidzira" chikamu chemufananidzo waaive asina kujairana nawo.

Akatsanangura Trump nemashoko okuti "aimbova purezidhendi", "mutungamiri", "secretary general", "mutungamiri weUnited States, mutungamiri", uye Clinton - "secretary of state", "donna", "first lady", "auditor". "musikana".

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, pamusoro Website Research Digest, British Psychological Society.