Munhu wese wezvinomera kamwechete muupenyu hwake, mukupindura nyaya dzake pamusoro pengozi yezvokudya zvenyama, akanzwa: "Miriwo yakazarawo nenitrate uye marudzi ose emakemikari. Zvino chii ipapo?!" Iyi ndeimwe yevanodya nyama 'vanoda kukakavara. Chaizvoizvo, ndezvipi miriwo nemichero zvaunogona kudya? Uye "nitrate issue" ine ngozi sei kune hutano hwedu? Nitrates: ndivanaani shamwari, avo vari pirates Nitrates munyu we nitric acid, ivo chinhu chekudya kwezvirimwa uye zvakakosha kwavari kuvaka masero uye kugadzira chlorophyll. Kuwanda kwenitrate muvhu hakuna chepfu zvachose kune zvirimwa; pane zvinopesana, inobatsira kuwedzera kwavo kukura, kunyanya kushanda kwe photosynthesis uye zvibereko zvakakwirira. Naizvozvo, varimi vangangoda "kuwedzeredza zvishoma" nefetereza. Kune vanhu nemhuka, nitrate muhuwandu hwemazuva ose haisi ngozi, asi madhasi makuru anogona kukonzera chepfu uye kunyange kutungamirira kurufu. Pane imwe nguva mumuviri, mumatumbo makuru, pasi pesimba re microflora, nitrate inoshanduka kuva nitrites - inotyisa kuvanhu. Nitrites ine mhedzisiro yakaipa pa hemoglobin: ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron uye methemoglobin inowanikwa, iyo isingakwanise kutakura okisijeni kumatishu uye nhengo - oksijeni nzara inoitika. Zvinoenderana nezviyero zveWorld Health Organisation, iyo inobvumidzwa zuva nezuva kudya kwenitrate kumunhu hakufanirwe kudarika 5 mg pa1 kg yehuremu hwemuviri, kureva. e. kumunhu anorema 70 kg - kwete kupfuura 350 mg pazuva. Kana iwe ukatora 600-650 mg ye nitrate panguva, chepfu inogona kuitika mumunhu mukuru. Muvana (vadiki, vanonyanya kutaurwa) kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa kudzoreredza hemoglobin kunoderedzwa, saka nitrate ine ngozi zvakanyanya kune vacheche pane vakuru. Chiyero chekukanganisa kwenitrate pamunhu hachibvi pahuwandu hwavo chete, asiwo pamamiriro emuviri wose. Mumuviri une hutano, kutendeuka kwenitrate kuita nitrites kunononoka kupfuura mumuviri usina simba. Chikamu chakakosha chazvo chinongoburitswa, uye mamwe anotoshandurwa kuita makomisheni anobatsira. Iyo nzira yekudzivirira kubva kune nitrates inopiwa nemasikirwo, uye yakajairika metabolism inotoreva kumwe kuvapo kweiyi salt. Kuva chikafu chezvirimwa, nitrate ichagara iri chikamu chavo chakakosha (zvikasadaro hapazove nezvinomera ivo pachavo). Asi vanhu vanofanira kungwarira ne nitric acid munyu uye, kana zvichiita, kuderedza kushandiswa kwavo. Nzira yekuzvidzivirira sei kubva kune nitrate Zvechokwadi, nzira iri nyore yekutaura kuti iwe unoda kudya chete miriwo inopupurirwa, inounganidzwa mumagadheni akapupurirwa, vanhu vanopupurirwa. Kana kuti kuraira kuwana nitrate mita kana nitrate tester (kana iwe uchiziva chero chinhu nezve mashandiro emidziyo yakadaro, ndapota nyora mune zvakataurwa kuchinyorwa) Asi chokwadi chehupenyu ndeichi: iwe wakamira pamberi pekaunda ine mavara miriwo / michero, uye zvose zvaunogona kuti uzvizive, zvakanyorwa pamutengo wemutengo - mutengo uye nyika yekukura ... Heano mamwe mazano anobatsira: Tsvaga kuti rudzi rwei "chibereko" ichi. Mumhando dzakasiyana dzemiriwo, zviri mukati me nitrate panguva yekukohwa zvinosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti zvirimwa zvese zvinounganidza nitric acid munyu nenzira dzakasiyana. Semuyenzaniso, mhando dzebhinzi dzegirinhi dzinoita kunge dzakakwira munitrate pane dzeyero bhinzi. Sarudza dzakaibva. Kana zvichibvira, bvisa mhando dzekutanga, zvirimwa zvisati zvakura, uye miriwo yegreenhouse, iyo inowanzove ine huwandu hwenitrate, kubva mukudya. Zvisinei, miriwo yakanyanyisa haifaniri kubvumirwa. Semuenzaniso, midzi yakawedzera midzi yetafura beet uye zucchini zvakare ine yakawedzera huwandu hwenitrate. Mumakaroti, iyo yakanakisa midzi yemhando yakacherechedzwa nehuremu hwe100-200 g. Kuravira uye ruvara. Mamwe marudzi ane mavara akajeka ezvirimwa zvemidzi (kunyanya makarotsi) ane nitrate shoma pane dzakapfava. Asi kwete chitarisiko chete chakakosha. Kana miriwo ine kuravira kusiri kwechisikigo, haifadze kutsenga - izvi zvinoratidza kuwanda kwemukati we nitric acid munyu. Zvitsva chete! Saladhi nemichero nemichero yemiriwo zvinofanirwa kudyiwa zvichangobva kugadzirirwa. Kunyangwe kuchengetwa kwenguva pfupi mufiriji kunotungamirira mukuwanda kwe microflora, iyo inobatsira pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu kuvanhu. Dzivisa mishonga inochengetedza. Usabvisa kubva pakudya zvekudya zvemumagaba (uye panguva imwe chete masoseji uye nyama yakasvuta), iyo inogadzirwa nekuwedzera kwe nitrate uye nitrites. Mukugadzira ham uye soseji zvigadzirwa, ivo vanowedzerwa kwete chete kudzvinyirira basa repathogenic mabhakitiriya, asiwo kupa zvigadzirwa zvenyama tsvuku-brown tint. Shandisa mvura yakachena. Inenge 20% yenitrate yose inopinda mumuviri womunhu nemvura. Kufashaira mvura yakasvibiswa ne nitrate haideredzi, asi inowedzera huturu hwayo. Chepfu nemvura yakadaro ndiyo ine ngozi zvikuru, sezvo chiyero chekutora chepfu muropa chinowedzera. Nzira yekudzikisa sei nitrate mumiriwo (iyo yaunotova nayo mukicheni yako) Kunyange kana iwe wakarasikirwa nekutanga kwekutanga mukurwisana nenitrate uye wakatenga nguruve muhombe, zvose hazvina kurasikirwa. Nerubatsiro rwebanga, saucepan uye mamwe maturusi anobatsira, unogona kugadzirisa mamiriro acho uye kubvisa yakawandisa nitrogen munyu. Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana: pakubika, kuisa, kuisa salting, kuvirisa uye kusvuura miriwo, iyo nitrate yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Asi hadzisi nzira dzese dzinoshanda zvakaenzana, kusanganisira kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinobatsira. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukanyura mbatatisi yakasvuurwa kwezuva mune imwe muzana munyu munyu, saka pachange pasina ma nitrate mairi, uye zvinhu zvakakosha zvebiologically. Kuvirisa, canning, salting, pickling kwakakosha mukuti mazuva matatu-3 ekutanga kune nzira yakagadziridzwa yekushandura nitrate kuita nitrites, saka zviri nani kuti usadye ichangobva kubikwa kabichi, magaka nemimwe miriwo pamberi pemazuva 4-10 gare gare. . Nekureba (kwemaawa maviri) kunyorova kwemiriwo yemashizha, 2-15% ye nitrate inoshambidzwa kubva mairi. Kuti uderedze zvinyorwa zve nitrate mumidzi yezvirimwa uye kabichi ne 25-30%, zvakakwana kuvabata mumvura kweawa, mushure mekucheka muzvidimbu zviduku. Panguva yekubika, mbatatisi inorasikirwa kusvika ku80%, karoti, kabichi, rutabaga - kusvika ku70%, tafura beet - kusvika ku40% ye nitrate, asi zvimwe zvezvokudya uye mavitamini zvinoparadzwa. Nzira dzose idzi dzine imwe hombe dhizaini - iyo yakawanda ye nitrate yakanyanyisa mumasero uye haina kutorwa nenzira dzakadaro. Nzira inonyanya kushanda ndeyekuchenesa miriwo zvakanaka. Nitrates inogoverwa zvisina kuenzana mumiti. Izvo zvishoma mumichero, saka michero uye zviyo zvinonzi zvakachengeteka kudya. Izvo zvinodikanwa kubvisa nzvimbo dzekusangana kwenitrogen munyu, kunyanya kana uchidya miriwo mitsva: peel, madzinde, cores yemidzi yezvirimwa, petioles, nzvimbo dzekuchinja midzi midzi mumidzi, dzinde. Izvi zvinoderedza "nitrate" yemiriwo kaviri kusvika katatu. Iyo Encyclopedia of Safety yemuriwo wega wega inokurudzira nzira yayo yekuchenesa: BEET. Beetroot inoonekwa semambokadzi pakati pemiriwo, asi yakapihwawo zita rekuti shasha mukuunganidzwa kwenitrate. Vamwe vamiririri varo vanogona kunge vane kusvika ku4000 mg / kg. Nitrates mu beet inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya zvisina kufanana. Kana zvinyorwa zvavo muchikamu chepakati chemuchero wemudzi wezvirimwa zvakatorwa se 1 unit, ipapo muchikamu chezasi (pedyo nemuswe) pachava nezvikamu zvina, uye nechepamusoro (pedyo nemashizha) - 4 zvikamu. Nokudaro, zvakachengeteka kugura kumusoro nechechina uye muswe - nechesere yechirimwa chemidzi. Nenzira iyi, beet inosunungurwa kubva pazvikamu zvitatu zve nitrates. GREENERY. Mu lettuce, sipinashi, parsley, dill uye mamwe magidhi, nitrate dzimwe nguva kunyange yakakwirira kupfuura beet. Uyezve, mumiti kubva pamibhedha isina kugadzirwa, munyu unowanzo kuve wakadzikama, asi mune iwo akarimwa pane zvinovaka muviri mhinduro kana paivhu rakagwinya, huwandu hwenitrate hunogona kusvika 4000-5000 mg / kg. Kusanganiswa kwemunyu muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemiti kune zvakasiyana-siyana - kune zvakawanda zvadzo mumatanda uye petioles yemashizha. Kune rumwe rutivi, maruva matsva ane mavitamini akawanda anodzivisa kutendeuka kwe nitrate kune nitrites. Yakawanda yeascorbic acid (vitamini C) inobatsira "kusagadzikana" nitrates, saka zvakakosha kuwedzera miriwo mitsva mumidziyo yemiriwo. Asi usakanganwa kuti pasi pesimba rema microorganisms nemhepo, nitrate inokurumidza kushanduka kuita nitrites. Greens inonyanya kuchekwa usati washumira. KABHAGE. Muchena kabichi, nitrate "yakasarudza" mashizha epamusoro (matatu kana mana). Kune munyu wenitrogen wakapetwa kaviri mukati mawo uye muchigutsa sepakati pemusoro. Panguva yekuchengetera, kabhichi nyowani inochengeta zvirimo munitrate kusvika Kukadzi, asi kare munaKurume, munyu wemunyu unodonha kanenge katatu. Mu sauerkraut, mazuva ekutanga 3-4 kune kukurumidza kushanduka kwe nitrate mu nitrites. Saka, zviri nani kudya kabichi ine munyu zvishoma kwete kutanga kupfuura muvhiki. Mune ramangwana, yakawanda ye nitrate inopinda mu brine - pamwe nehafu yezvikamu zvose zvinokosha. Koliflower kazhinji ine nitrate yakawanda kudarika white cabbage uye inonyanya kupiswa. RADISH. Radhishi dzimwe nguva dzine kusvika 2500 mg/kg ye nitrate. Iko kusanganiswa kwe500 mg / kg inogona kutonzi yakanakisa (yemhando dzekutanga). Mu "marudzi akakomberedzwa" eradish, nitrogen munyu yakanyanya kuderera pane "elongated". Iwe unogona kuderedza nitrate yehuwandu hweradishes nehafu nekucheka misoro uye miswe ne 1/8. MBATATO. Nekuchengetedza kwakanaka, zviri mukati me nitrate mu mbatatisi zvinodonha zvakanyanya kutanga kwaKurume - kanenge kana. Kusvika Kukadzi, iyo yekutarisa inoramba isingachinjiki. Mazhinji emunyu ari mu tuber akaiswa pedyo nechepakati (uye zvinhu zvinokosha zviri pedyo nepeel!), Asi musiyano muduku. Nokudaro, hazvibatsiri kuibvisa, kunze kwekuti, mavhitamini uye ma enzymes ari pasi pepeel anoderedza kutendeuka kwenitrate kune nitrites. Iyo yakakwana nzira yekubika mbatatisi ine yakakwira yenitrate yakabikwa, "mu yunifomu": machubhu madiki anoiswa akazara, makuru anochekwa kuita 2, 4 kana 6 zvikamu, nepo kusvika 60-70% ye nitrate inobviswa. Munguva yekubika kubika, kusvika ku40% inobviswa, kana frying - inenge 15%. Zviri nani kudurura kunze kwemvura yakasara mushure mekubika mbatatisi. KAROTI. Makarotsi, kunyanya ekutanga, anogona kuunganidza kusvika 1000 mg/kg ye nitrate. Kune akawanda avo kumusoro, pedyo nemashizha, uyewo mumuswe pachawo. Izvo zvakaonekwa zvakare kuti hushoma huwandu hwenitrate hunoitika mune yepakati-saizi karoti. Zvisinei, kwete karoti chete, asi miriwo yose - beet, turnips, zucchini, nezvimwewo. zviri nani kutora hukuru hwepakati. Mumakaroti akachekwa (sezvakasvibira, beet, nezvimwewo), nitrate inokurumidza kushanduka kuita nitrites. Mu saladhi, maitiro aya anowedzera nekuvapo kwekrimu yakasviba kana mayonnaise (mayonnaise pachayo ine chepfu!), Iyo inobatsira kukurumidza kukura kwe microorganisms. Mafuta ezuva anodzivisa kukura kwebhakitiriya. ZUCCHINI Inogona kunge iine 700 mg/kg ye nitrate. Vazhinji vavo vari mumucheka mutete pasi peganda chairo uye pedyo nemuswe. Zviri nani kubvisa muswe uye kubvisa peel mumucheka wakaoma. Zucchini, kunyanya yakakura, inowanzobikwa, iyo inoderedza zvinyorwa zvavo zve nitrate kanopfuura kaviri. Inogona kubikwa mumhepo inopisa. Makomkoro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, kunyange magaka anogona kuunganidza kusvika 600 mg/kg ye nitrate. Kune dzimwe nguva dzakawanda dzadzo pasi pe peel pane pakati. Uye kana ganda richivava, risingafadzi, rinofanira kutemwa. Inokurudzirwawo kugura chikamu chisina kunaka chiri pedyo nemuswe. *** Ehe, matipi aya angori kudonha mugungwa reruzivo runobatsira runodiwa kuchengetedza hutano. Asi zvino mubvunzo wevanodya nyama nezve nitrate unogona kupindurwa zvakachengeteka: “Unotya nitrate here?
2022-11-11