IVF: gadziridza pane iyi nzira yekubatsira kubereka

La in vitro kusangana yakagadzirwa naRobert Edwards, British biologist, iyo yakatungamirira pakuberekwa kwe yekutanga test tube mwana muna 1978 muEngland (Louise) uye muna 1982 muFrance (Amandine). Maererano neongororo yakaitwa neNational Institute for Demographic Studies, yakabudiswa muna Chikumi 2011, kubva pa100 vakaroorana vanotanga kurapwa nein vitro fertilization munzvimbo yeART (kubatsirwa nemishonga kubereka), makumi mana nemumwe vachave nemwana nekuda kwekurapwa kweIVF. mukati meavhareji yemakore mashanu. Kubva munaChikunguru 41, idzi nzira dzekubereka dzave kuwanikwawo muFrance kune vakadzi vasina murume uye vakaroora vakadzi.

Chii chinonzi in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

IVF inzira yekurapa inosanganisira kupinza urume kunze kwemuviri wemunhu kana isingazvibvumire.

• Danho rekutanga: isu inomutsa mazai yemukadzi nekurapwa kwehomoni kuitira kuti azokwanisa kuunganidza akati wandei maoocyte ekuberekesa. Muchikamu chekutanga ichi, hormonal tests ropa dzinoitwa zuva nezuva uye ultrasound inofanira kuitwa kuitira kutarisa mhinduro kune kurapwa.
• Kamwe nhamba uye saizi yefollicles zvakakwana, a jekiseni d'hormone zvaitwa.
• 34 kusvika maawa 36 mushure mejekiseni iri, masero epabonde anounganidzwa puncture muvakadzi, uye urume nebonyora muvarume. Zvinogoneka zvakare kushandisa urume hwaimbova nechando hwewawakaroorana naye kana kuti hweanopa. Kune vakadzi, 5 kusvika ku10 oocyte inounganidzwa uye inochengetwa muincubator.
• Danho rechina: musangano pakati pezai nembeu, inova " vitro », Kureva mu test tube. Chinangwa chiri chekuwana fertilizer kuti uwane mazai.
• Aya ma embryos (nhamba yavo inosiyana) anobva aendeswa kugomba rechibereko remukadzi. mazuva maviri kusvika matanhatu mushure mekuita incubation. 

Nzira iyi naizvozvo yakareba uye inonetsa - kunyanya kumuviri uye hutano hwemukadzi - uye inoda tsigiro yekurapa uye kunyangwe yepfungwa.

IVF: chii chikamu chebudiriro?

Kubudirira kweIVF kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nehutano hwevanhu vanobatanidzwa, zera ravo, uye nhamba yeIVFs yavakatova nayo. Paavhareji, muchikamu chega chega cheIVF, mukadzi ane mukana we25,6%. kuita mimba. Huwandu uhu hunokwira kusvika pamakumi matanhatu muzana pakuedza kwechina paIVF. Huwandu uhu hunodzika pasi pegumi kubva muzana kubva pamakore makumi mana emukadzi.

Ndedzipi nzira dzeIVF?

Nhoroondo ye FIV ICSI

Nhasi, 63% ye in vitro fertilization ndeye ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) Yakatorwa kubva kuIVF, ivo vanonyanya kuratidzwa mumatambudziko akakomba ekushaya mbereko kwevarume. Urume hunounganidzwa zvakananga kubva kunhengo yesikarudzi yemurume. Tinobva tapinza urume muzai kuti tive nechokwadi chekurisanganisa. Mushonga uyu unopihwa zvakare kuvarume vane chirwere chakakomba icho chinogona kutapurirwa kune wavakaroorana naye kana kumwana anenge azvarwa, pamwe nevaviri vane kushaya mbereko zvisina tsarukano mushure mekukundikana kwedzimwe nzira dzeART. Kana IVF neICSI ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, haisi iyo nzira chete inoshandiswa nhasi muFrance. 

IVF neIMSI

THEintracytoplasmic injection ye morphologically yakasarudzwa spermatozoa (IMSI) imwe nzira iyo kusarudzwa kwembeu kwakatonyanya kujeka kupfuura neICSI. Iyo microscopic magnification inowedzerwa ne6000, kunyange 10 000. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kunyanya muFrance uye muBelgium.

In vitro maturation (IVM)

Nepo maoocyte achiunganidzwa padanho rekukura rechinyakare in vitro fertilization, anounganidzwa padanho rekukura panguva yeIVF ine in vitro maturation (IVF). Kupera kwekukura kunoitwa nebiologist. MuFrance, mwana wekutanga akaberekwa neMIV akaberekwa muna 2003.

Ndiani ari mu vitro fertilization?

Zvichitevera kugamuchirwa neNational Assembly kwemutemo webioethics musi waChikumi 29, 2021, vakaroora kana kuroorwa asi vakaroora nevakadzi vasina kuroora vanogona kupora kuti vabereke vachibatsirwa nemishonga, uye nekudaro in vitro fertilization. Avo vanobatwa vanofanirwa kuongororwa hutano uye kubvumirana nekunyora kune protocol.

Ndeipi mutengo weIVF muFrance?

Inishuwarenzi yehutano inovhara 100% kuedza mana in vitro fertilization, ine kana pasina macromanipulation, kusvika mukadzi asvika makore makumi mana nemaviri (kureva 42 kusvika 3000 euros paIVF). 

Ndeipi nguva yekushandisa kune in vitro fertilization?

Kune vakaroorana vakaroorana, mubvunzo weIVF unowanzomuka mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu, makore maviri paavhareji, kuedza kubata mwana. Kubvisa chero chikonzero cheanatomical kudzivirira kubereka (kusagadzikana kwemachubhu, chibereko, nezvimwewo), gynecologists uye vanachiremba vanorayira vakaroorana kuti vaite kutanga kuongorora. Zvimwe zvinhu, senge hurume husina kunaka, kugadzirwa kwakaderera kwembeu, maovulation abnormalities, zera revaviri, nezvimwewo zvinogonawo kupinda mukutamba.

IVF: unoda here kuperekedzwa ne shrink?

Sekureva kwaSylvie Epelboin, chiremba akabatana ane mutoro weIVF centre yeBichat Claude Bernard muParis, " pane a mhirizhonga chaiyo mukuzivisa kushaya mbereko, vane mashoko anowanzoonekwa seanozvidza “. Mukati meiyi nhamo yose, inoratidzirwa nenzvero dzokurapa uye dzimwe nguva kukundikana, ndizvo zvakakosha kutaura. Kubvunza nyanzvi inobvumidza iwe kuti udzivise kumanikidzwa neavo vakakukomberedza, kuti uzviparadzanise wega mukutambura kwako uye kutonga kwezuva nezuva (zvepfungwa, hupenyu hwepabonde, nezvimwewo). Izvo zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa zvaunofarira, kunakidzwa nezviitwa semurume nemukadzi uye neshamwari, uye kwete kuisa pfungwa pakuda kwemwana chete. Hupenyu hwepabonde hunogona kuzokonzeresa kushushikana nekuti hunenge huchingove hwekubereka.

Ndekupi kwekuenda kuti ubatsirwe kubva kuIVF?

Kana vatarisana nekushaya mbereko, vakaroorana vanogona kutendeukira kune imwe ye 100 nzvimbo d'AMP (rubatsiro pakuzvara kwekurapa) kubva kuFrance. Kune zvikumbiro zve20 kusvika ku000 gore negore, asi izvi zvinogona kuwedzera nekuwedzera kwekuwana nzira iyi uye nzira itsva dzekusazivikanwa dzekupa gamete.

Sei IVF isingashande?

Paavhareji, kutadza kweIVF kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemaoocyte panguva yekuputika kweovarian, kana kune hurombo hwavo, kana kusakwana kana kwakakosha mhinduro yemaovari panguva yekukurudzira mahomoni. Kazhinji unofanira kumirira Mwedzi 6 pakati pekuedza kaviri yeIVF. Iyi nzira inogona kuva nemhosva zvikuru zuva rega rega kune munhu ari kuedza kutakura mwana asati aberekwa uye zvakare nokuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti rubatsiro runokurudzirwa pamatanho ose: zvekurapa, zvepfungwa uye zvemunhu. Pachave zvakare paine kudikanwa kwekuzorora mushure mekuongorora kwega kwega uye saka zvakakosha kuti uzive izvi padanho rehunyanzvi.