Mhino (kubva kuLatin nasus), ndiyo yakakurumbira chikamu chechiso, chiri pakati pemuromo nehuma, kunyanya inobatanidzwa mukufema uye kunhuwa.

Chimiro.

Inotsanangurwa sepiramidhi yemhino, mhino ine chimiro chetriangular1 Chimiro chekunze. Mhino inoumbwa neshwashwa uye skeleton yebhonzo (1,2).

• Chikamu chepamusoro chemhino chinoumbwa nemapfupa akakodzera emhino, ayo akabatanidzwa nemapfupa ehutu hwechiso.
• Chikamu chepasi chinoumbwa nemashwashwa akawanda.

Yemukati chimiro. Mhino inotsanangura maburi emhuno kana maburi. Vaviri munhamba, vanopatsanurwa nenasal kana septal septum (1,2). Vanotaurirana kumativi maviri:

• Nekunze kuburikidza nemhino;
• Nenasopharynx, chikamu chepamusoro che pharynx, kuburikidza nemaburi anonzi choanae;
• Nemadhamu emisodzi, anozivikanwa zviri nani semaburi emisodzi, anoburitsa mvura yakawandisa yemisodzi ichienda kumhino;
• Pamwe chete nemasina, ari mumapfupa e cranial, ayo anoumba mahomwe emhepo.

Chimiro chemhino yemhino.

Mucous membrane yemhino. Inoisa mitsetse yemhino uye yakafukidzwa ne eyelashes.

• Muchikamu chezasi, ine tsinga dzakawanda dzeropa uye mucus glands, kuchengetedza unyoro mukati memhino mhango.
• Muchikamu chepamusoro, ine matinji mashoma asi masero akawanda anonhuwa.

Makona. Dzakaumbwa nepamusoro pemapfupa, dzinobatanidzwa mukufema nekudzivirira kuyerera kwemhepo nemumhino.

Basa rekufema. Mhino inovimbisa kufamba kwemhepo yakafuridzirwa yakananga ku pharynx. Inobatanidzwawo mukunyorovesa uye kudziya mhepo yakafuridzirwa (3).

Dziviriro yemuviri. Kupfuura nemumhino, mhepo inofemerwa inosefa zvakare ne eyelashes uye mucus, iripo mucosa (3).

Organ of olfation. Nzvimbo dzemhuno dzinogara masero anonhuwa pamwe chete nemagumo etsinga yekunhuwa, iyo inotakura shoko rekunzwa kuuropi (3).

Basa mufoni. Kubuda kwezwi kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwezwi, riri pamwero welarynx. Mhino inoita basa resonance.

Mhuno yakatyoka. Inoonekwa seyakanyanya kutsemuka kumeso (4).

epistaxis. Inofambirana nekubuda ropa mumhino. Zvikonzero zvacho zvakawanda: kukuvadzwa, kukwira kweropa, kuvhiringidzika kwekubatana, nezvimwewo (5).

rhinitis. Zvinoreva kuzvimba kwemukati memhino uye zvinoratidzira semhino inorema, kuhotsira nguva nenguva, uye kusangana kwemhino (6). Yakanyanya kana isingaperi, rhinitis inogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona kana hutachiona asi inogonawo kunge yakakonzerwa neallergic reaction (allergic rhinitis, inonziwo hay fever).

chando. Iyo inonziwo viral kana acute rhinitis, inoreva hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemhino.

Rhinopharyngite ou Nasopharyngite. Inopindirana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehuputi hwemhino uye pharynx, uye zvakanyatsonaka zvenasopharynx kana nasopharynx.

Sinusitis. Inopindirana nekuzvimba kwemucous membranes inovhara mukati mezvivi. Iyo mucus inogadzirwa haichabudiswi yakananga kumhino uye inovharira sinuses. Inowanzokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona kana hwehutachiona.

Mhino kana sinus cancer. Bundu rakashata rinogona kukura mumasero emhino yemhino kana sinuses. Kutanga kwaro kunenge kushoma (7).

Kurapwa. Zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvekuputika, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, decongestants inogona kurongerwa.

Phytotherapy. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa kana zvekuwedzera zvinogona kushandiswa kudzivirira humwe hutachiona kana kubvisa zviratidzo zvekuzvimba.

Septoplastie. Kuvhiya uku kunosanganisira kugadzirisa kutsauka kwenasal septum.

Rhinoplasty. Kuvhiya uku kunosanganisira kugadzirisa chimiro chemhino nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoshanda kana zvekunaka.

Cauterization. Kushandisa laser kana chigadzirwa chemakemikari, nzira iyi inoita kuti zviitike, kunyanya, kuparadza masero ekenza kana kuvhara tsinga dzeropa munyaya yekudzokororwa benign epistaxis.

Kuvhiya kurapwa. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye nhanho yegomarara, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa kubvisa bundu.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Chiremba anogona kuona nekuona chimiro chekunze chemhino. Iyo yemukati yemhino yemhino inogona kuongororwa nekuparadzira madziro ega ne speculum.

Rhinofibroscopy. Kuitwa pasi peanesthesia yemunharaunda, kuongorora uku kunogona kubvumira kuonekwa kwemhino yemhino, pharynx uye larynx.

Aesthetic value yemhino. Chimiro chemhino chimiro chechimiro chechiso (2).

Mhino munhoroondo. Mashoko akakurumbira anobva kumunyori Blaise Pascal anoti: “Mhino yaCleopatra, kudai yakanga iri pfupi, chiso chenyika yose chingadai chakachinja. "(8).

Mhino muzvinyorwa. Iyo yakakurumbira "nose tirade" mumutambo Cyrano de Bergerac nemunyori wemitambo Edmond Rostand anoseka chimiro chemhino yaCyrano (9).