Mumakore ekuma1960, Paul D. MacLean, chiremba weAmerica uye nyanzvi yezveuropiyo, akatanga dzidziso yehuropi hweutatu, achitsanangura sangano reuropi kuita zvikamu zvitatu: uropi hunodzokororwa, uropi hwemakumbo, uye neo-cortex brain. Nhasi inoratidzwa seyakasakara uye yakarambwa, tichiri kuwana iri zita re "reptilian brain" maererano nechikamu chehuropi chakagara nhaka kubva kune zvinokambaira 250 miriyoni makore apfuura. Uropi hwereptilian hwairevei panguva yedzidziso iyi? Chii chaive chakanyanya kunaka? Ndeipi kupokana kwave kuzvidza dzidziso iyi?

Maererano naDr. Paul D. Maclean uye dzidziso yake yakatangwa mu1960s, uropi hwedu hwakarongwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: uropi hwe limbic (hunosanganisira hippocampus, amygdala uye hypothalamus), neo-cortex (inosanganisira maviri ecerebral hemispheres) uye pakupedzisira huropi hwe reptilian, huripo kwemakore 500 mamiriyoni mumarudzi emhuka. Zvikamu zvitatu izvi zvinotaurirana asi zvinoshanda semiviri yakazvimirira. Uropi hwereptilian hunowanzonzi "huropi hwepanyama", sezvo hunoita mabasa akakosha echipenyu.

Huropi hwemadzitateguru uye hwechinyakare, uropi hwereptilian hunodzora zvinodiwa uye kudzora kwemabasa akakosha echipenyu:

• kufema;
• kupisa kwemuviri;
• food;
• kubereka ;
• cardiac frequency.

Iyo inonziwo "primitive" uropi, nekuda kwekuvapo kwayo muzvisikwa zvipenyu (hove) kweanopfuura 500 miriyoni emakore, ihwo huropi hunoita basa rekupona, huchikonzera kuita sekubhururuka kana kubhururuka. hukasha, mafungiro, hunhu hwekuberekana nechinangwa chekuchengetedza mhuka. Uropi hwereptilian hwakabva hwakura mumhuka dzemumvura dzikasvika pachinhanho chepamusoro-soro chezvinokambaira, makore angangoita mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu apfuura.

Inosanganisira brainstem uye cerebellum, kunyanya izvo zvinoumba uropi hwechikara. Yakavimbika kwazvo, huropi uhwu zvisinei hunoita kunge huri mudhiraivha uye nekumanikidza. Kusanzwa neruzivo, huropi uhwu hunongova nekurangarira kwenguva pfupi, kusabvumira kuti igadzirise kana kushanduka, senge neo-cortex.

Inobatanidzwa mumabasa ekuziva sekutarisa, inogadzirisa maitiro ekutya uye mafaro. Ihwo huropi hwebhinari (hongu kana kwete), kurudziro imwechete inogara ichitungamira kune imwechete mhinduro. Mhinduro yekukurumidza, yakafanana nereflex. Zvichienderana neruzivo rwakapihwa kuuropi, kuita sarudzo kuri pairi, uye uropi hwereptilian huchatora uropi hwe limbic uye neo-cortex.

Mafungiro ekumanikidzira (kutenda mashura, obsessive-compulsive disorders) aizotanga muuropi hwereptilian. Zvakare, kuda kwedu munzanga kuvimba nechiremera chepamusoro, kana kuda kwedu kwakanyanyisa kwetsika (dzechitendero, tsika, tsika, magariro, nezvimwewo).

Vashambadziri nenyanzvi dzekutengesa vanozviziva zvakare: munhu anovimba nehuropi hwake hwereptilian anogadziriswa zviri nyore. Kuburikidza nekudya kunovaka muviri kana zvepabonde, vanogadzirisa zvakananga chikamu ichi cheuropi, uye vanowana "kumanikidza" maitiro emhando kubva kuvanhu ava. Hapana shanduko kuburikidza neruzivo inogoneka kana iyo repetitive reaction scheme yanyoreswa.

Pane tsika yekutenda kuti kuti ararame munharaunda, munhu aingoda chete mabasa ake ekuziva uye masimba emanzwiro, uye nekudaro aizongoshandisa neo-cortex yake uye limbic brain. Mhosho! Uropi hwe reptilian hausi hwekupona kwedu chete.

Kuwedzera kune yedu hunhu hwekubereka iyo yakaronzeswa kwairi, uye iyo inobatira isu isu tisingazvizivi pamberi pevamwe vanhu vechikadzi chakasiyana, inobatira isu panguva yekumwe maitiro ayo akakosha kwatiri kwehupenyu munzanga. Semuenzaniso, isu tinodzora hukasha hwedu, pfungwa yenzvimbo uye maitiro otomatiki akabatana nemagariro, tsika dzechitendero, nezvimwe.

Dzidziso yeuropi yakatangwa naPaul D. Maclean muma1960 yave ichikakavadzana zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura nekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi. Hatirambi kuvapo kwehuropi mumhuka dzinokambaira, asi kuti kunyorerana pakati pehuropi hwavo neuropi kwaimbonzi "reptilian" mumhuka dzinoyamwisa, kusanganisira vanhu.

Uropi hwezvinokambaira hunovabvumira maitiro akakwenenzverwa, ane chekuita nehuropi hwepamusoro, senge ndangariro kana kufamba kwenzvimbo. Naizvozvo hazvina kunaka kutenda kuti uropi hwereptilian hunongogumira kune zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvinodiwa.

Nei pfungwa isina kururama yakadaro yakagara kwenguva yakareba kudaro?

Kune rumwe rutivi, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvechitendero chemagariro evanhu uye chefilosofi: "reptilian brain" inoreva huviri hwehupenyu hwevanhu, hwatinowana muhuzivi hwekare. Uyezve, iyi dhayagiramu yehuropi hwehutatu hunoita seinoendeswa kumufananidzo weFreudian: zvikamu zvehuropi hwehutatu zvine zvakawanda zvakafanana neFreudian "ini", "superego" uye "id".