Mukati
Dombo renjiva ndiro rinonyanyozivikanwa nerudzi rwenjiva. Chimiro chemuguta cheshiri iyi chinozivikanwa nemunhu wese. Hazvibviri kufungidzira migwagwa yemaguta nemataundi pasina kubhururuka uye kurira kwedombo renjiva. Inogona kuwanikwa mumigwagwa yeguta, mumapaki, zvikwata, zvikwata, uko kune chokwadi kune mumwe munhu anoda kudyisa njiva dzedombo. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvavanotarisira kumunhu anobata shiri nekunzwisisa uye nerudo.
Tsanangudzo yedombo renjiva
Munhu ave akajaira kwenguva refu kuti njiva yegrey inogara pedyo neimba yake, iyo inorira padenga reimba inobatanidzwa nerunyararo uye runyararo. Kubvira kare, vanhu vakawanda vakaratidza rukudzo neruremekedzo kushiri iyi. Kune vamwe, njiva yaiva chiratidzo chekubereka, kune vamwe, rudo uye ushamwari, kune vamwe, nekufuridzirwa naMwari.
Mhando yeBlue Dove ndeyemhuri yenjiva uye inosanganisira maviri makuru mafomu, akajairika kunenge makondinendi ese epasi.
Wild grey njiva dzinogara muzvisikwa, kure nevanhu.
Wild sisari vane yunifomu muchimiro uye vane yakafanana bluish-grey ruvara, iyo inotarirwa nemamiriro ekurarama uye, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, inovabvumira kuti vabatane neboka rose.
Synanthropic njiva dzinogara pedyo nevanhu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, pakati pemadhorobha grey njiva kune vanhu vane misiyano yakakura muruvara rwemapapiro.
Kuonekwa
Pakati pemamwe marudzi enjiva, grey pigeon inonzi shiri huru, yechipiri muhukuru chete kune njiva. Kusiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe muvara, grey njiva dzinogona neimwe nzira kutsanangurwa nenzira imwechete:
- kureba kwemuviri kunosvika 30-35 cm, mapapiro - kubva pa50 kusvika 60 cm;
- uremu hunogona kusvika kusvika 380-400 g;
- ruvara rwemavara - bluish rakajeka rine simbi, yakasvibirira kana yepepuru tint pamutsipa;
- mapapiro akafara uye akanongedza kumagumo, ane mitsetse miviri yakachinjika yeruvara rwakasviba, uye rump ichena;
- munharaunda yelumbar kune nzvimbo inoshamisa inopenya inenge 5 cm muhukuru, iyo inoonekwa kana mapapiro eshiri akazaruka;
- makumbo enjiva anogona kuva pink kusvika kune yakasviba, dzimwe nguva ane feathering shoma;
- maziso ane orenji, yero kana tsvuku iris;
- muromo mutema uye mujinga mawo muine cere.
Urban rock njiva dzine ruvara rwakasiyana-siyana pane dzemusango. Parizvino, maererano nechirongwa chemavara, vanosiyaniswa nemhando makumi maviri nemasere kana morphs. Pakati pawo pane njiva grey dzine minhenga yebrown nemichena. Sezviri pachena, izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuyambuka njiva dzematombo emumugwagwa nehangaiwa dzakachengetwa.
Nechekunze, njiva yechirume yedombo inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kumukadzi neruvara rwakanyanya. Uyewo, njiva yedombo yakati kurei kupfuura njiva. Shiri diki pazera remwedzi 6-7 hadzina minhenga yakajeka senjiva dzakura.
Maziso enjiva yedombo anokwanisa kusiyanisa mavara ose emavara anowanikwa kune ziso remunhu, pamwe chete ne ultraviolet range. Njiva inoona “nokukurumidza” kupfuura munhu, sezvo ziso rake richikwanisa kuona mafuremu 75 pasekondi, uye ziso romunhu rinongova 24. Ziso renjiva yedombo harigoni kupofumadzwa nokupenya kwakamwe kamwe kana zuva nokuda kwechinhu chinobatanidzwa. tishu, iyo inokwanisa kushandura density yayo panguva yakakodzera.
Kunzwa kwesizar kwakagadziridzwa zvakanaka uye inokwanisa kusimudza manzwi ane yakaderera frequency isingasvikike pakuona kwevanhu.
vhoti
Njiva yedombo inogona kuzivikanwa nezwi rayo - kuchema kwayo, iyo inofambidzana nehupenyu hwayo hunoshanda, inofananidzwa nemhuri yose uye inosiyana zvichienderana nemanzwiro ayo anoratidza:
- kukoka kurira - iyo ine ruzha, yakapihwa kukwezva kutarisa kwemukadzi, inofanana nemhere "guut ... guuut";
- kukokwa kune dendere kunonzwika zvakafanana nekukoka, asi panguva iyo mukadzi anosvika, inowedzerwa nemhepo;
- rwiyo rwenjiva pakutanga kwekupfimbana rwakafanana nekurira kwakanyarara, kunowedzera kana mukono uchifara uye unoshanduka kuva ruzha rukuru "guuurrkruu ... guurrkruu";
- kuzivisa njodzi, njiva yedombo inoita ruzha rupfupi uye rwakapinza “gruu … gruuu”;
- njiva inoperekedza kudyisa nhiyo nekurira kwakapfava, kwakafanana nemeowing;
- kuridza muridzo nekudzvanya kunoburitswa nenjiva dzenjiva.
Kutaura idi, kune mitsindo yakawanda inoitwa nenjiva grey. Izwi rezwi rinosiyana zvichienderana nenguva, mamiriro uye makore eshiri. Shiri chete pachadzo uye, kusvika pamwero wakati, vanhu vanodzidza nezvenjiva vanogona kusiyanisa.
of movement
Njiva yemusango inogara munzvimbo dzemakomo, pamatombo, mumitswe kana mapako. Haana kujaira kukwira mumuti uye haazivi maitirwo azvo. Guta redombo njiva rakadzidza kugara pabazi remuti, pamwe chete nepanzeve kana padenga remba.
Njiva inopedza zuva rose ichifamba. Mukutsvaga chikafu, anogona kubhururuka kwemakiromita akati wandei, anozivikanwa semutyairi wendege. Munhu wemusango anogona kusvika kumhanya kusvika ku180 km / h. Njiva dzemumba dzinowana kumhanya kusvika ku100 km/h. Njiva yepfumbu inobhururuka kubva pasi nemhere mhere, ichivhuvhuta mapapiro ayo zvine ruzha. Iyo ndege pachayo mumhepo yakasimba uye ine chinangwa.
Kucherechedzwa kwekufamba kwedombo njiva mumhepo kunonakidza:
- kana iwe uchida kunonoka, ipapo njiva inozarura muswe wayo ne "butterfly";
- pakutyisidzirwa neshiri inodya nyama, anopeta mapapiro ake uye nokukurumidza anowira pasi;
- mapapiro akabatana kumusoro anobatsira kubhururuka mudenderedzwa.
Nhanho yeshiri painofamba pasi inoshamisawo. Zvinoita sekuti njiva yedombo inogutsurira musoro painofamba. Kutanga, musoro unoenda mberi, zvino unomira uye muviri unobata nawo. Panguva ino, mufananidzo wacho unotariswa muretina yeziso risingafambi. Iyi nzira yekufambisa inobatsira njiva kuti ifambe zvakanaka mudenga.
kupararira kweshiri
Wild rock pigeon inogara munzvimbo ine makomo uye yakati sandara ine uswa hwakawanda uye madhamu anoyerera ari pedyo. Haagari munzvimbo dzesango, asi anofarira nzvimbo dzakavhurika. Nzvimbo yaro yekugara yakapararira kuNorth Africa, South uye Central Europe, uye Asia. Parizvino, huwandu hwehangaiwa hwemusango hwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya uye hwakararama chete kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure nevanhu.
Synanthropic, ndiko kuti, kuperekedza munhu, njiva yedombo inowanikwa mumakondinendi ose kunze kweAntarctica. Shiri idzi dzinowanikwa pasi rose. Guta sizar rinogara pazvinogoneka kugara zvakachengeteka uye kudya munguva dzakaoma kwazvo dzegore. Mumwaka unotonhora, njiva yemusango inoburuka kubva kumakomo ichienda kunzvimbo dzakaderera, uye njiva yeguta - pedyo nekugara kwevanhu uye marara emarara.
Rock dove subspecies
Dombo renjiva kubva kumhando yenjiva (Columba) yemhuri yenjiva (Columbidae) yakatsanangurwa nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda. MuNhungamiro yeNjiva dzeRunyararo, David Gibbs anoisa njiva dzematombo muzvikamu gumi nezviviri, izvo zvakatsanangurwa panguva dzakasiyana nenyanzvi dzeshiri kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Ese aya masubspecies anosiyana mukusimba kwemavara, saizi yemuviri uye hupamhi hwemutsetse pazasi musana.
Zvinotendwa kuti panguva ino chete 2 subspecies yedombo njiva inogara muEastern Europe neCentral Asia (iyo yaimbova USSR).
Columba livia - nominative subspecies inogara Eastern neCentral Europe, North Africa, Asia. Ruvara rwakawanda rwakati piriviri zvishoma. Munharaunda yelumbar pane nzvimbo yakachena inoyera 40-60 mm.
Akafuratira chiedza njiva - Turkestan njiva yebhuruu, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeCentral Asia. Iyo minhenga coloration inoreruka zvishoma pane nominative subspecies; pamutsipa pane simbi yakapenya. Nzvimbo iri munharaunda ye sacrum inowanzoita grey, isingawanzosvibi, uye kunyange zvishoma - chena uye duku muhukuru - 20-40 mm.
Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti synanthropic rock njiva inogara pedyo nemunhu panguva ino yakasiyana zvikuru nemuvara kubva kuhama dzavo dzakatsanangurwa ne ornithologists makore zana apfuura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti iyi ndiyo mhedzisiro yekuyambuka nevanhu vemumba.
upenyu
Sisari anogara mumapakiti asina hutongi, asi nharaunda ine runyararo yakajairika. Hazviiti kuti shiri dzakawanda dzifambe mumwaka, asi dzinogona kubhururuka kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo dzichitsvaka zvokudya. Mumamiriro okunze anotonhora, mhuka dzomusango dzinodzika kubva mumakomo dzichienda kumipata, uko kunenge kuri nyore kuwana zvokudya, uye nokungotanga kupisa dzinodzokera kumusha. Njiva dzeguta dzinofarira kugara munzvimbo imwechete, nguva nenguva dzichibhururuka munzvimbo yemakiromita akati wandei.
Musango, hangaiwa grey dzinovaka matendere adzo mumikaha yematombo. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuwana zvikara. Dzinogonawo kugara mumiromo yenzizi uye munzvimbo dzakati sandara. Vanhu vemumaguta vanogara pedyo nemunhu munzvimbo dzinovayeuchidza nezvemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo: mumakamuri edzimba, mumatope ematenga, pasi pematanda emabhiriji, pamabhero shongwe, shongwe dzemvura.
Njiva dzematombo dzinodyana uye dzinoshingaira kufamba mukati memaawa emasikati. Njiva dzemuguta dzinokwanisa kubhururuka kusvika makiromita makumi mashanu kubva mudendere radzo chete dzichitsvaka zvokudya. Sisari vanopedza 50% yesimba ravo mundege dzakadai. Pakuzodoka, nguva dzose vanodzokera kumba ndokurara usiku hwose, vakapepetwa uye vakaviga muromo wavo muminhenga. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa emukono anosanganisira kuchengetedza dendere, apo hadzi inorara ipapo.
Njiva yemusango inongwarira munhu uye haimupi mukana wekuswedera pedyo, inobhururuka mberi. Shiri yeguta ine feather yakajaira kumunhu, inotarisira kudyisa kubva kwaari, saka inomutendera kuti aswedere pedyo uye kunyange kudya kubva pamaoko ake. Kashoma kuona njiva yedombo iri yoga. Njiva inogara iri mapoka emapoka.
Chimiro cheboka renjiva kukwezva vamwe vadzo kunzvimbo dzakanakira kugara. Vanoita izvi panguva yekugara uye shure kwayo. Yasarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuvaka dendere, njiva inokoka kwete njiva chete ipapo, asiwo dzimwe njiva kuti dzigare pedyo nekugadzira njiva yenjiva umo inonzwa yakachengeteka.
Vanoshandisawo kutumira mascouts kutsvaga chikafu. Kana nzvimbo yakadaro yawanikwa, ma scouts anodzokera kune yasara paki. Kana pane ngozi, ipapo zvakakwana kuti munhu ape chiratidzo, sezvo boka rose rinosimuka pakarepo.
chikafu
Hangaiwa dzemudombo ishiri dzinodya omnivorous. Nekuda kwenhamba diki yeyakagadzirwa kuravira buds mumuromo (kune makumi matatu nenomwe chete, uye munhu ane anenge gumi), ivo havana kunyanya kusarudzwa pakusarudza chikafu. Kudya kwavo kukuru ndiko kudya kwezvirimwa - mbeu yemiti yemusango uye yakasimwa, ma berries. Zvishoma, njiva dzinodya zvipembenene zviduku, makonye. Rudzi rwechikafu runotsamira pakugara uye izvo zvakatipoteredza zvinopa.
Synanthropic vanhu vakajaira kudya tsvina yevanhu. Vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana - nzvimbo dzomuguta, misika, pamwe chete nezvikwiriso, nzvimbo dzokurasira marara, kwavanogona kuzviwanira zvokudya zvavo. Huremu uye chimiro chemuviri hachibvumiri njiva kunhonga zviyo kubva kune spikelets, asi chete kusimudza iyo yakawira pasi. Saka, hazvikuvadzi ivhu rekurima.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti shiri dzinoedza kutanga kudya zvimedu zvakakura, kutonga chikafu nekukura. Usazeza kubata chimedu, kusundira hama uye swooping kubva kumusoro. Panguva yekudya, vanoita zvakanaka chete maererano nevaviri vavo. Grey njiva dzinodya kunyanya mangwanani uye masikati, dzichidya panguva imwe kubva pa17 kusvika ku40 g yezviyo. Kana zvichibvira, njiva yemuguta inozadza dumbu rayo nechikafu kusvika kumuganhu, uye ipapo goiter yekuchengetedzwa, sezvinoita hamsters.
Njiva dzinonwa mvura zvakasiyana neshiri zhinji. Sisari vanonyika muromo wavo mumvura voikwevera mukati, dzimwe shiri dzinotora kashoma nemuromo dzichikanda musoro kuti dzigokungurukira muhuro.
Kubereka
Njiva ishiri dzine murume mumwe chete uye dzinoita mbiri mbiri kwehupenyu hwose. Isati yatanga kukwezva hadzi, mukono unowana uye unotora nzvimbo yekuvakira. Zvichienderana nenharaunda uye mamiriro ekunze ayo, nesting inoitika panguva dzakasiyana. Inogona kutanga pakupera kwaFebruary, uye kukandira mazai kunogona kuitika gore rose. Asi nguva huru yekuisa mazai munjiva iri muchirimo, zhizha uye chikamu chinodziya chekuvhuvhuta.
Vasati vasangana, tsika yekupfimba njiva nenjiva inoitwa. Nekufamba kwake kose anoedza kukwezva kuti atarise kwaari: anotamba, achifamba-famba mune imwe nzira kana imwe, anosimudza mutsipa wake, anotambanudza mapapiro ake, anorira nenzwi guru, anoita muswe wake fan. Kazhinji panguva iyi, mukono anoita ndege dzemazuva ano: njiva inosimuka, ichiridza nenzwi guru mapapiro ayo, uye inobhururuka, ichisimudza mapapiro ayo pamusoro pemusana wayo.
Kana izvi zvose zvakagamuchirwa nenjiva, ipapo murume nehadzi vanoratidza kutarisa uye rudo kune mumwe nemumwe, kuchenesa minhenga yevakasarudzwa vavo, kutsvoda, izvo zvinovabvumira kuwiriranisa maitiro avo ekubereka. Uye kana yasangana, mukono unobhururuka, uchibhabhadzira mapapiro ayo zvine ruzha.
Matendere anotaridzika matete, akagadzirwa zvisina hanya. Anovakwa kubva pamapazi maduku nouswa hwakaoma hunouya nenjiva, uye njiva inoronga zvinhu zvokuvakisa pazvainoda. Nesting inotora kubva pa9 kusvika kumazuva gumi nemana. Kukandira mazai maviri kunoitwa nehadzi nekufamba kwemazuva maviri. Njiva inonyanya kuvharira mazai. Murume wacho anomutsiva kubva 14 am kusvika 2 pm panguva yaanoda kudya uye kubhururuka kunzvimbo yemvura.
Iyo incubation nguva inopera mushure memazuva 17-19. Kubaya kwegoko kunotora kubva pa18 kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana. Manyana enjiva emudombo anooneka rimwe pashure perimwe nepakati pemaawa 24. Iwo mapofu uye akafukidzwa nekashoma yero pasi, munzvimbo dzine ganda rakashama.
Kwemazuva 7-8 ekutanga, vabereki vanodyisa nhiyo nemukaka weshiri, iyo inobudiswa mugoiter yavo. Icho chikafu chinovaka muviri chine yellowish sour cream texture uye yakawanda muprotein. Kubva pakudya kwakadaro, pazuva rechipiri, nhiyo dzedombo njiva dzinopeta uremu hwadzo. Kudya mukaka kunoitika kwemazuva 6-7, 3-4 kanomwe pazuva. Vabereki vanobva vawedzera mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana pamukaka. Kutanga kubva pazuva regumi rekuberekwa, nhiyo dzinodyiswa musanganiswa wezviyo wakanyoroveswa nehuwandu hushoma hwemukaka wezvirimwa.
Mhuka dzinotora kusvika kumapapiro mazuva 33-35 mushure mekuchechenya. Panguva ino, hadzi inoenderera mberi nekufuga boka rinotevera remazai. Kuyaruka kwevaduku njiva kunoitika pazera remwedzi 5-6. Ivhareji yehupenyu hwemusango njiva ndeye 3-5 makore.
Ukama hwevanhu
Kubva kare, njiva yave ichiremekedzwa seshiri inoera. Kududzwa kwayo kwakawanikwa muzvinyorwa zvemakore 5000 apfuura. MuBhaibheri, njiva inowanikwa munyaya yaNoa paakatuma shiri kunotsvaka nyika. Muzvitendero zvose, njiva inofananidzira rugare.
Njiva dzematombo dzinozivikanwa kuva vatumwa vakanaka. Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vakashandisa rubatsiro rwavo kuzivisa mashoko anokosha. Kubatsira njiva mune izvi kugona kwavo kugara vachiwana nzira yavo yekuenda kumba, chero kwavanotorwa. Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti haasati apa mhinduro chaiyo kuti njiva dzinozviita sei. Vamwe vanodavira kuti shiri dzinotungamirirwa muchadenga nesimba remagineti uye chiedza chezuva. Vamwe vanopikisa kuti njiva grey dzinoshandisa zviratidzo zvakaiswa nemunhu - zviratidzo zvehupenyu hwavo.
Synanthropic njiva dzakajaira vanhu uye hadzityi kuswedera pedyo, tora zvokudya zvakananga kubva mumaoko avo. Asi chokwadi, kudyisa njiva hakuna kuchengeteka zvakadaro. Shiri idzi dzinogona kutapurira munhu gumi nemaviri zvirwere zvine ngozi kwaari. Uyewo, shiri dzinotakura marudzi anenge 50 ezvipembenene zvine ngozi. Rimwe dambudziko rine chekuita nenjiva dzemuguta nderekuti dzinosvibisa zvivakwa zvekuvaka uye zvivakwa zvemuguta nemarara adzo.
Kwenguva refu, njiva dzematombo dzave dzichishandiswa semhuka dzekurima. Vakanga vakagadzirirwa nyama, fluff, mazai, fetereza. Makore zana apfuura, nyama yenjiva yainzi inokosha kupfuura yeimwe shiri.
Maererano nenhamba, huwandu hwematanho makuru emaguta huri kuwedzera, nepo dzemusango dziri kudzikira. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuswedera kune nyaya yekugara kwemunhu uye njiva yedombo nekunzwisisa. Mubvunzo uyu haufanire kusiiwa uchingoitika. Kubatsira mukudyisa njiva dzematombo emumugwagwa uye kubvisa zvirwere zveshiri kunofanira kuitwa nemunhu akachenjera.
mhedziso
Iyo grey njiva ishiri duku, iyo inoshandiswa nemunhu nguva dzose, achishandisa mano ayo asina kujairika. Pakutanga yaive postman achiendesa nhau dzakakosha, kozoita nhengo yeboka rekununura kutsvaga vanhu vakashaika. Munhu ane chimwe chinhu chokudzidza kubva kune njiva - kuzvipira uye kuvimbika, rudo uye ushamwari - unhu uhwu hunofananidzira kuchena kwemweya nemafungiro. Kuti uone mu grey njiva yakanaka iyo inounza kumunhu, unoda kuziva zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pamusoro payo.
