Patinozviwana tiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, tinonetseka. Uyu mutemo wakatsanangurwa naHans Selye, hapana psychology pano, ndeye biological adaptive reaction yechero chipenyu. Uye isu, kusanganisira. Kana ari manzwiro edu uye manzwiro edu, tinozvivaka isu pachedu, tichinzwisisa kuti rudzii rwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kana paine munhu anofungidzirwa tsotsi ari padyo, saka isu tichafunga zvinokonzeresa mafaro sekutya, kana mukadzi akanaka - manzwiro erudo, kana tauya kubvunzo - hongu, isu tine bvunzo jitters. Zvakanaka, isu takatsanangura kukosha kweiyo Stanley Schechter's two-factor theory of emotions (Piri-factordzidzisoofManzwiro).
Dzidziso iyi inoti "tinopinza manzwiro edu nenzira imwechete yatinofungidzira kuti tiri vanhu vakaita sei" - tinocherechedza maitiro edu uye totsanangura kuti sei tichizvibata nenzira yatinoita. Muchiitiko ichi, haticherechedzi kwete chete kunze, maitiro emagariro evanhu, asiwo maitiro edu emukati, kureva, kuti tinonzwa kumutswa kwakasimba sei. Kana tichinzwa tamutswa, tinoedza kuona kuti chii chiri kukonzera kuti tinzwe manyukunyuku.
Semuenzaniso, moyo wako uri kurova nekukurumidza uye muviri wako wakagadzikana. Uye chii: uri kutarisana nekutya kunotyisa here kana kuti dumbu rako rinoputika kubva murudo? Kubva kunotsanangurwa neruzivo rwako rwemukati, asi nemamiriro auri. Hapana chakanyorwa pane chiitiko - zvakanaka, kana isu tinogona kuverenga zvishoma pazviri. Uye mamiriro acho akajeka, saka tinotarisa pairi.
Pakazara, zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha kuti isu tinzwisise mamiriro edu emanzwiro: kana paine physiological arousal uye mamiriro api, kuitika kweiyo mamiriro, tinogona kuitsanangura. Ndosaka dzidziso yeSchechter ichinzi zvinhu zviviri.
Stanley Schechter naJerome Singer vakaita ongororo yekuyedza dzidziso iyi ine hushingi; zvifungidzire uri chikamu chayo. Paunosvika, muongorori anoshuma kuti chidzidzo chirikuitika chekuti vhitamini suproxin inokanganisa sei kuona kwevanhu. Mushure mekunge chiremba akubaya jekiseni remushonga diki wesuproxin, muongorori anokukumbira kuti umirire kusvika mushonga watanga kushanda. Anokusuma kune mumwe mutori wechikamu muchiyedzo. Wechipiri mutori wechikamu anoti akabaiwawo jekiseni resuproxin. Muedzi anokupa mumwe nemumwe wenyu gwaro remibvunzo uye anoti achauya nekukurumidza uye kukupa bvunzo yekutarisa maziso ako. Iwe unotarisa pagwaro remibvunzo uye woona kuti rine mimwe mibvunzo yakasarudzika uye inogumbura. Semuenzaniso, "Varume vangani (kunze kwababa vako) mai vako vakarara navo kunze kwemuchato?" Wechipiri mutori wechikamu anopindura nehasha kumibvunzo iyi, anowedzera kutsamwa, obva abvarura bhuku remibvunzo, anorikanda pasi uye anorovera gonhi kunze kwekamuri. Unofunga kuti uchanzwa sei? Watsamwawo here?
Sezvaungave wakafungidzira, chinangwa chaicho chekuedza chakanga chisiri chekuedza kuona. Vatsvakurudzi vakagadzira mamiriro ezvinhu umo mabhii maviri makuru, kumutsa uye tsanangudzo yemanzwiro ekumutsa ikoko, aivepo kana kuti asipo, uye akazoedza manzwiro evanhu. Vatori vechikamu mukuedza havana kunyatsogamuchira chero jekiseni revhitamini. Pane kudaro, shanduko yekumutsa yakashandiswa nenzira inotevera: Vamwe vatori vechikamu mukuedza vakagamuchira muyero we epinephrine, mushonga. Izvo zvinokonzera kumutsa (kuwedzerwa kwekushisa kwemuviri uye kuwedzera kwekufema), uye vamwe vatori vechikamu vakabayiwa ne placebo, iyo yakanga isina maitiro ehutano.
Fungidzira zvino kuti waizonzwa sei pawakagamuchira muyero we epinephrine: pawakatanga kuverenga gwaro remibvunzo, wakanzwa kumutswa (ona kuti muongorori haana kukuudza kuti yaive epinephrine, saka haunzwisise kuti ndiwo mushonga unogadzira. wakamutsa kudaro). Wechipiri anotora chikamu muchiedzo-chaizvoizvo mubatsiri wemuyedzeri-anopindura nehasha kumibvunzo. Iwe unogona kugumisa kuti wakatsamwa nokuti wakatsamwawo. Iwe wakaiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ayo Schechter akafunga kuti akakodzera kune ruzivo rwemanzwiro - iwe unomutswa, wakatsvaga uye wakawana tsananguro inonzwisisika yekumuka kwako mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Uye nokudaro iwewo unoshatirwa. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika muchokwadi - vatori vechikamu vakapihwa epinephrine vakaita nehasha kupfuura avo vakagamuchira iyo placebo dose.
Chinonyanya kufadza chekutora kubva mudzidziso yeSchechter ndechekuti manzwiro evanhu anongoita mahwekwe, zvichienderana netsananguro ingangoita yekumutsa. Schechter naSinger vakaedza iyi pfungwa kubva kumakona maviri. Kutanga, vakaratidza kuti vaigona kudzivirira vanhu kuti vasaputika nokutsanangura zvine mufungo chikonzero chokunyanduka kwavo. Vamwe vatori vechikamu mukuedza vakagamuchira chipimo che epinephrine vakaudzwa nevatsvakurudzi kuti mushonga wacho waizowedzera kurova kwemwoyo yavo, chiso chavo chaizodziya uye chitsvuku, uye maoko avo aizotanga kuzununguka zvishoma. Apo vanhu vakatanga kunzwa nenzira iyi zvomenemene, havana kugumisa kuti vakanga vashatirwa, asi vakati mirangariro yavo yakaparirwa nomugumisiro womushonga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ava vatori vechikamu mukuyedza havana kupindura mubvunzo wehasha.
Zvakatonyanya kutsetsenura, Schechter naSinger vakaratidza kuti vaigona kuita kuti zvidzidzo zviwane manzwiro akasiyana zvachose kana vakashandura tsananguro ingangove yekumutswa kwavo. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, vatori vechikamu mukuedza havana kugamuchira mibvunzo ine mibvunzo inogumbura uye havana kuona mubatsiri wekuedza akatsamwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, mubetseri womuedzi akaedzesera kukurirwa nomufaro usina mufungo ndokuita asinganetseki, iye akatamba basketball namapepa pellets, akagadzira ndege dzepepa ndokudzipinza mumhepo, akamonyanisa hula hoop yaakawana mukona. Vatori vechikamu chaivo mukuedza vakaita sei? Kana vakagamuchira chipimo che epinephrine, asi hapana chavakaziva nezvemhedzisiro yacho, vakagumisa kuti vainzwa kufara uye kusava nehanya, uye mune dzimwe nguva vakatojoinha mumutambo usingatarisirwi.