Kuda kwekudya kwechikafu muRussia, kusiyana neEurope neAmerica, kuri kure nekupararira. Zvisinei, kufarira mairi kuri kukura - pasinei nekudhura kwakanyanya uye dambudziko. Mabukira ekutanga eorganic akatoonekwa pamusika weko.
Mutsara wekuti "organic food", iyo inotsamwisa makemikari uye biologist zvakanyanya, yakaonekwa makore makumi matanhatu apfuura. Zvese zvakatanga naIshe Walter James Northbourne, uyo muna 60 akauya nepfungwa yepurazi sechinhu chipenyu, uye kubva ipapo akatanga kurima organic kunopesana nekurima kwemakemikari. Ishe Agronomist vakagadzira pfungwa yavo mumabhuku matatu uye vakazozivikanwa semumwe wemadzibaba emhando itsva yekurima. Nyanzvi yechirungu yeBotanist Sir Albert Howard, the American media tycoon Jerome Rodale nevamwe, vazhinji vakapfuma uye vane mukurumbira, vakapindawo muchirongwa ichi.
Kusvikira pakupera kwe80s kuMadokero, mapurazi ehupenyu uye zvigadzirwa zvavo zvainyanya kufarira vateveri vezera idzva uye vanodya zvirimwa. Mumatanho ekutanga, vakamanikidzwa kutenga eco-chikafu zvakananga kubva kune vanogadzira - mapurazi madiki akasarudza kuenda kune imwe nzira yakasikwa yekurima zvirimwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, hutano hwezvigadzirwa uye mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwavo akaongororwa pachake nemutengi. Paitove nemotto yekuti "Ziva murimi wako - unoziva chikafu chako." Kubva pakutanga kwema90s, chikamu chakatanga kukura zvakanyanya, dzimwe nguva chichikura ne20% pagore uye chichipfuura dzimwe nzvimbo dzemusika wekudya mune chiratidzo ichi.
Kubatsira kwakakosha mukusimudzira kutungamira kwakaitwa nehurongwa hweUnited Europe, iyo kumashure muna 1991 yakagamuchira mitemo uye zviyero zvekugadzirwa kwemapurazi ehupenyu. VaAmerica vakaita nekuunganidza kwavo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa chete muna 2002. Kuchinja kwakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma nzira dzekugadzira uye kugovera eco-zvigadzirwa: mapurazi makuru emakambani akatanga kushamwaridzana kune yekutanga, uye akasarudzwa maketani emasupamaketi kune yechipiri. Maonero eruzhinji akatanga kufarira fashoni yefashoni: chikafu chakakwana chezvakatipoteredza chakasimudzirwa nenyanzvi dzemufirimu uye vaimbi vakakurumbira, vepakati vakaverenga mabhenefiti ekudya zvine hutano uye vakabvuma kuibhadhara kubva pa10 kusvika 200%. Uye kunyange avo vasingakwanisi kutenga zvokudya zvinovaka muviri vakaona kuti zvakachena, zvinonaka, uye zvinovaka muviri.
Pakazosvika 2007, iyo organic musika yakashuma nyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu dzine magwaro anodiwa ekutonga uye ekutonga aripo, mari yegore negore inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mana nematanhatu emadhora uye 60 miriyoni mahekita anogarwa nemapurazi. Ichokwadi, chiratidzo chekupedzisira, chichienzaniswa nekurima kwemakemikari echinyakare, chaingosvika 46% yehuwandu hwepasi rose. Iyo organic chikafu chekufamba chiri kuwedzera simba, sezvakaita bhizinesi basa rakabatana naro.
Zviri pachena kuti eco-chikafu hachizosviki kune vakawanda mutengi munguva pfupi. Masayendisiti mazhinji anopokana nezve zano iri: vanonongedza kushaikwa kweyakaratidza mukana wekudya kwechikafu pamusoro pechikafu chakajairika maererano nemavhitamini nemaminerari anobatsira vanhu, uye vanotenda zvakare kuti kurima organic hakugone kudyisa huwandu hwese. planet. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekuderera kwegoho re organic matter, nzvimbo dzakakura dzinofanirwa kugoverwa pakugadzirwa kwayo, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza.
Ehe, eco-chikafu masayendisiti ane tsvakiridzo yavo inoramba nharo dzevamwe vavo vanokahadzika, uye sarudzo yeavhareji munhu anofarira musoro inoshanduka kuita nyaya yekutenda mune imwe kana imwe pfungwa. Pamusoro pekupomerana, vatsigiri vehupenyu nevashori vavo vakatamira kune imwe nhanho yekurangana: eco-vanokahadzika vanonongedza kuti vanopikisa havana hanya nezvechisikigo, asi vanongosimudzira vagadziri vatsva, vachizvidza vakura munzira, uye vanofarira eco vanopindura kuti. kutsamwa kwakarurama kwevasina chokwadi kunobhadharwa nemakambani emakemikari uye vatengesi vezvokudya zvakajairika vanotya kukwikwidza uye kurasikirwa kwemisika yekutengesa.
KuRussia, nhaurirano huru pamusoro pemabhenefiti kana kusashanda kwechikafu cheorganic pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwenyanzvi kubva kunyika yesainzi hazvina basa: sekureva kwevamwe vateveri vekudya kunovaka muviri, kusarira kwedu kuseri kwepasirese munyaya iyi 15- 20 years. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, vashoma vaisada kutsenga chero chinhu, vakazviona sebudiriro huru kana vakakwanisa kuzivana nemumwe murimi aigara kusiri kure neguta uye kuva mutengi wake wenguva dzose. Uye munyaya iyi, murwere akagamuchira zvokudya zvemumusha chete, izvo zvisingaenderani nepamusoro-soro yezvokudya zvehupenyu, nokuti murimi anogona kushandisa makemikari kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukugadzirwa kwayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hapana mutemo wehurumende we eco-chikafu zviyero zvaivepo uye hazvisati zviripo.
Kunyangwe nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, muna 2004-2006 zvitoro zvakati wandei zvemafeni ezvigadzirwa zve organic zvakavhurwa muMoscow - izvi zvinogona kutorwa seyekutanga kuyedza kuburitsa fashoni yemuno. Chinonyanya kukosha chazvo chaive eco-market "Red Pumpkin", yakavhurwa nekufara kukuru, pamwe nebazi reMoscow reGerman "Biogurme" uye "Grunwald" rakaita mukurangarira zviitiko zveGerman. "Pumpkin" yakavharwa mushure megore nehafu, "Biogurme" yakagara maviri. Grunwald yakave yakabudirira zvikuru, zvisinei, yakashandura zita rayo uye chitoro dhizaini, ichiva "Bio-Market". Vegetarians vatanga zvitoro zvine hunyanzvi zvakare, seJagannath Health Food Store, nzvimbo yaunogona kuwana kunyangwe zvisingaite zvigadzirwa zvemuriwo.
Uye, kunyange zvazvo vanoda chikafu chekudya mumamiriyoni akawanda emadhora kuMoscow vanoramba vachiita chikamu chiduku zvikuru, zvisinei, kune zvakawanda zvekuti iyi indasitiri inoramba ichikura. Chetani masupamaketi anoedza kujoinha zvitoro zvine hunyanzvi, asi kazhinji anogumburwa nemitengo. Zviripachena kuti haugone kutengesa eco-chikafu zvakachipa pane imwe nhanho yakagadzwa nemugadziri, ndosaka dzimwe nguva uchibhadhara katatu kana kana kupfuura kune zvigadzirwa zvakajairika. Masupermarket, kune rumwe rutivi, haakwanisi kusiya tsika yekuita purofiti yakawanda uye kuwedzera mavhoriyamu - iyo nzira yese yekutengesa kwavo inotsamira pane izvi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vadikani vega vega vanotora maitiro mumaoko avo uye vanowana mhedzisiro yakanaka munguva pfupi pfupi.