Mukati
Chiropa chinonzi fluke igonye reparasitic rinogara mumuviri wemunhu kana wemhuka, richikanganisa chiropa uye bile ducts. Chiropa chechiropa chakapararira pasi rose, chinokonzera chirwere chinonzi fascioliasis. Kazhinji kacho, gonye rinopararisa mumuviri wemombe huru nediki, kunyangwe kuputika kukuru uye kwechinguvana kwekupinda pakati pevanhu kuchizivikanwa. Data pamusoro pechirwere chechokwadi chinosiyana zvakanyanya. Maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, nhamba yose yevanhu vane utachiona hwefascioliasis inobva ku2,5-17 mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose. MuRussia, chirwere chechiropa chakapararira pakati pemhuka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mafuro manyoro. Chirwere ichi hachiwanike muvanhu.
Chiropa fluke i trematode ine muviri wakatsetseka wakaita seshizha, maviri anoyamwa ari pamusoro wayo. Iko nerubatsiro rweaya anoyamwa kuti parasite inochengetwa mumuviri weanogara anogara. Gonye rakura rinogona kusvika 30 mm kureba uye 12 mm paupamhi. Matanho ekukura kwechiropa fluke ndeaya anotevera:
Stage marita chiropa fluke
Marita ndiyo nhanho yekukura pabonde yehonye, apo parasite inokwanisa kuburitsa mazai munzvimbo yekunze. Gonye imhuka inonzi hermaphrodite. Muviri wamarita wakaita seshizha rakapepereswa. Muromo unoyamwa uri kumucheto kwemuviri. Imwe inoyamwa iri pachikamu chemuviri wegonye. Nekubatsira kwayo, chirwere chacho chinosungirirwa kune nhengo dzomukati dzomukati. Marita anozvimiririra anobereka mazai, sezvo ari hermaphrodite. Mazai aya anofambiswa netsvina. Kuti zai rirambe richikura uye richipinda muchikamu chemalarval, rinoda kupinda mumvura.
Larval nhanho yechiropa fluke - miracidium
Miracidium inobuda muzai. Mboro ine oval oblong shape, muviri wayo wakafukidzwa ne cilia. Kumberi kwemiracidium kune maziso maviri uye nhengo dzinobuda kunze. Mugumo weshure wemuviri unopiwa pasi pemasero eutachiona, anozobvumira kuti utachiona huwande. Nerubatsiro rwe cilia, miracidium inokwanisa kushingaira kufamba mumvura uye kutsvaga muchengeti wepakati (mvura yakachena mollusk). Kana mollusk yawanikwa, gonye rinodzika midzi mumuviri waro.
Sporocyst nhanho yechiropa fluke
Pane imwe nguva mumuviri wemollusk, miracidium inopinda muchikamu chinotevera - sac-like sporocyst. Mukati me sporocyst, magonye matsva anotanga kukura kubva kumasero eutachiona. Danho rechiropa ichi rinonzi redia.
Chiropa fluke gonye - redia
Panguva ino, muviri weparasite unowedzera, une pharynx, matumbo, excretory uye nervous system inoberekwa. Mune imwe neimwe sporocyst yechiropa fluke, inogona kubva pa8 kusvika ku100 redia, zvinoenderana nerudzi rweparasite. Kana iyo redia yakura, inobuda kubva musporocyst uye inopinda mukati mematishu emollusk. Mukati me redia yega yega mune magerm cells anotendera kuti hepatic fluke iende padanho rinotevera.
Circaria nhanho yechiropa fluke
Panguva ino, maruva echiropa chinoputika anowana muswe uye maviri anoyamwa. Mu cercariae, iyo excretory system yakatoumbwa uye rudiments yegadziriro yekubereka inooneka. Iyo cercariae inosiya goko re redia, uyezve mutumbi wepakati mubati, uchiiboora. Kuti aite izvi, ane akapinza stylet kana boka remaspikes. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, gonye rinogona kufamba zvakasununguka mumvura. Inonamirwa kune chero chinhu uye inoramba iri pairi mukutarisira kwemuridzi wechigarire. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvakadaro zvinomera zvemumvura.
Nhanho yeadolescaria (metatsercaria) yehepatic fluke
Iri ndiro danho rekupedzisira remakonye echiropa. Muchimiro ichi, utachiona hwakagadzirira kupinda mumuviri wemhuka kana munhu. Mukati memuviri wemugadziri wechigarire, metacercariae inoshanduka kuita marita.
Hupenyu hwechiropa chiropa hwakaomesesa, saka magonye mazhinji anofa asina kushanduka kuita munhu akura pabonde. Hupenyu hweparasite hunogona kukanganiswa padanho rezai kana rikasapinda mumvura kana kuti risingawani mhando yemollusk. Zvisinei, honye hadzina kufa uye dzinoramba dzichiwedzera, izvo zvinotsanangurwa nemaitiro ekubhadhara. Chekutanga, vane hurongwa hwekubereka hwakanyatsogadzirwa. Marita akura anokwanisa kubereka makumi ezviuru emazai. Chechipiri, imwe neimwe sporocyst ine zana redia, uye imwe neimwe redia inogona kubereka anopfuura makumi maviri cercariae. Nekuda kweizvozvo, anosvika zviuru mazana maviri ezviuru zvechiropa flukes anogona kuoneka kubva kune imwe parasite.
Mhuka dzinotapukirwa kazhinji padzinodya huswa kubva mumafuro emvura, kana pakunwa mvura kubva mumadhamu akashama. Munhu anotapukirwa chete kana akamedza gonye padanho readolescaria. Dzimwe nhanho dzechiropa dzechiropa hadzina ngozi kwaari. Kuti udzivise mukana wekutapukirwa, unofanirwa kunyatsogeza miriwo nemichero inopedzwa yakasvibira, uye usanwe mvura isina kumbogadziriswa.
Kamwe mumuviri wemunhu kana wemhuka, adolescaria inopinda muchiropa uye bile ducts, inonamatira ipapo uye inotanga kubereka. Nemayamwa avo uye spines, zvipembenene zvinoparadza chiropa chechiropa, izvo zvinotungamirira pakukura kwayo, kusvika pakuonekwa kwema tubercles. Izvi, zvakare, zvinobatsira pakuumbwa kwe cirrhosis. Kana iyo bile ducts yakavharwa, ipapo munhu anoita jaundice.