Iyo sternum (kubva muchiLatin sternum, kubva muchiGiriki sternon) ibhonzo remuchinjikwa iro rinoita rumbabvu pane chikamu chepakati.

Iyo sternum ipfupa rakapetana riri pamberi pechiuno, pakati pemuviri (pakati). Inotaura kune rumwe rutivi nerumbabvu nomwe dzekutanga pamwe neclavicles iyo painogadzira iyo sternoclavicular joint. Yakaiswa pamusoro pepasi peganda, iri pamberi pechikamu chikuru chemoyo.

Bhonzo repazamu rakagadzirwa kubva mukubatanidzwa kwezvidimbu zvitatu zvemabhonzo:

• Bata sternal,
• Muviri wepfupa,
• Iyo xiphoid maitiro.

Iko kune matatu akakosha masomomiki mamaki.

• Iyo jugular notch inoratidza kumucheto wepamusoro we sternum. Inobatika nyore pasi peganda, ndiyo mhango yatinonzwa pasi pegotsi.
• Iyo sternal angle iri pamuganhu weiyo sternal manubrium nemuviri. Zvakare zvinonzwisisika, zvinomira kunze muchimiro chehoridhe yakatwasuka.
• Iyo yepasi sternal joint, iyo iri panosangana pakati pemuviri we sternum uye ne xiphoid maitiro.

Iyo sternum inobatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwechimiro chebhonzo chembabvu. Mbabvu uye vertebrae yemuchinjikwa inosangana nayo kuti izadzise.

Kuputsika kweSternum :

Sternum kuputsika kwakabatana nekushungurudzika, kungave kwakananga kana kunanga. Kukanganisa kwakananga kunogona kuve kwakakonzerwa nenjodzi yemotokari (chigaro chebhandi chakatsimbirira pachipfuva kana kukanganisa kwevhiri rekutyaira) kana zvine chekuita nemitambo. Zvikonzero zvisina kunangana zvekutsemuka zvinogona kuitika zvega kuvanhu vakura vane osteoporosis, semuenzaniso. Kushungurudzika kuputsika kwave kuonekwawo mumitambo inotevera kudzokorora muviri wepamusoro maitiro. Aya mapfupa emapfupa anotsemuka anogona kuitika ari ega kana kusangana nekumwe kukuvara:

- Isolated: chete iyo sternum inokanganiswa. Ruzhinji rwevarwere vanopora zvakakwana mushure memavhiki akati wandei ekupora.

- Yakabatana nekumwe kukuvara: zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvesternum zvakaputsika zvinosanganiswa nezvakakomba pathologies zvinogona kukonzeresa kufa mu25 kusvika 45% yematambudziko (3). Uku kukuvara kunogona kukanganisa matishu chete kana kusvika mukati membabvu (mbabvu, moyo, mapapu uye musana kukuvara, nezvimwewo).

Sternoclavicular dislocation : kutsemurwa kwekubatana pakati peclavicle neiyo sternum, inopetwa kanokwana kana kupfuura acromioclavicular.

Chipfuva chepfu : vane zvikonzero zvakawanda uye dzimwe nguva zvinogona kunzwika mu sternum. Aya marwadzo kazhinji anokonzerwa nechirwere chemwoyo (semuenzaniso myocardial infarction) kana chirwere chevascular (semuenzaniso pulmonary embolism) uye zvinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.

Sente fente : zvisingawanzo malformation ye sternum, yechikonzero chisingazivikanwe. Munguva yehupenyu hwembryonic, zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa mukubatanidzwa kwemabhonzo emapfupa akagadzirirwa kuita sternum, iyo inowanzoitika kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi kuti ivhare zvachose. Kuvhiya mukati memavhiki ekutanga mushure mekuberekwa kunovhara pfupa repazamu uye nekudaro kunodzivirira moyo nemidziyo mikuru iri kuseri kwayo.

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis : zvisingawanzo pathology yechisingazivikanwe chikonzero, zvinokonzeresa hypertrophy uye condensation yeiyo sternum, collarbones uye yekutanga mbabvu. Iyo inosarudzika inokanganisa murume wepakati-zera murume. Chiratidzo chikuru chinorwadza kuzvimba mubhokisi rechipfuva.

Tumota dzechipfuva : Mapundu emapfupa emadziro echipfuva haanyanyo kuwanikwa panzvimbo yebhonzo kana kuti kora. Rudzi urwu rwebundu remapfupa rinomiririra isingasviki 5% yemapfupa ese emapundu (6).

Zvirwere zve sternum zvinokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kwekunze kana zvirwere zvisingawanzo zvezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwe. Saka zvinoita kunge zvakaoma kuvadzivirira.

Kubaya padenga: tsika yekuisa tsono mubhonzo rechipfuva kubvisa mwongo wemabhonzo. Iyi mongo ine izvo zvinonzi mashematopoietic masero, ari kwakatangira masero eropa akasiyana. Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kwemasero aya ndiyo myelogram. Iyo inoshandiswa kuongorora kusagadzikana mune imwe yeropa maseru mitsara. Kubaya uku kunogona kuitwazve mupfupa rehudyu, iko kukomberedzwa kwechiuno.

Kufungidzira bvunzo:

• Radiography: yekurapa imaging nzira iyo inoshandisa X-ray. Radiography yeiyo sternum kana sternoclavicular majoini ndeye yakajairwa kuongororwa kweanotaurwa mune pathologies yakabatana nekushungurudzika.
• Scanner: ficha yekufungidzira iyo inosanganisira "kuongorora" nzvimbo yakapihwa yemuviri kuitira kugadzira mifananidzo yemuchinjikwa, nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo X-ray danda. Isu tinotaura zvakare nezve computed tomography kana CT scans. Bvunzo iyi inobvumidza kuona kwakanaka kwepfupa remudumbu pamwe nezvinyoro zvinyoro zvekubatana pamwe nekutenderedza mubatanidzwa.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): kuongororwa kwekurapa kwezvinangwa zvekuongorora kunoitwa uchishandisa chihombe chemagetsi umo magineti emagetsi nemasaisai eredhiyo anogadzirwa. Inopa chaiwo mifananidzo yeiyo mineralized bone yeiyo sternum.
• Bone scintigraphy: imaging technique inosanganisira kupa kumurwere tracer tracer inopararira mumuviri kana munhengo dzinofanira kuongororwa. Nekudaro, ndiye murwere "anoburitsa" mwaranzi inozotorwa nemuchina. Iyo scintigraphy inoita kuti zvikwanise kucherechedza mapfupa nemajoini. Mune zviitiko zve sternum, inoshandiswa kunyanya kuongororwa kwe sternocosto-clavicular hyperostosis.

Inofungidzirwa kuti 5% yevagari vepasi rose vane "sternal form", kana sternal perforation, kana yakavhurika yakavhurika pamuviri wechipfuva. Iri gomba, rakafanana neiro rakasiiwa nebhara richipfuura nepfupa rechipfuva, rinotsanangurwa chaizvo nehurema mukusasisa (8,9).